Unit 2: Exercise 1

Read the information. Then complete the table. Use the suffixes in the box.

Suffixes are letters that can be added to the end of a word to form a new word. The new word
is typically a different word class from the original word. For example:

Word Suffix New word

forget -ful forgetful

In the example above, -ful has changed the verb to an adjective. The suffixes -ment, -ism and
-ion will often change the word class to a noun. For example:

Word Suffix New word

govern -ment government
critic -ism criticism
create -ion creation

Remember that the suffix can sometimes cause the spelling of the original word to change.
For example, when adding the suffix -ion to create, the final letter e is dropped from the new
word: creation.

Able ary ful ic ion ism ive

Verb Noun Adjective

affect effect effect-ive--
diet Diet diet ary-
harm harm harmless / harm ful---
metabolise Metabol ism--- metabol ic--
prevent Prevent ion--- prevent ive----

Unit 2: Exercise 2
Match the adjectives with the definitions.
successful or achieving what you want related to the treatment of illness and injuries

damaging something you cannot stop once you have started

too much acceptable or right for someone or something

 containing many substances needed for life and growth avoidable

the chemical processes in the body required for life relating to what you eat or drink

1. excessive too much

2. preventable avoidable
3. dietary relating to what you eat or drink
4. harmful damaging
5. medical related to the treatment of illness and injuries
6. metabolic the chemical processes in the body required for life
7. nutritional containing many substances needed for life and growth
8. addictive something you cannot stop once you have started
9. suitable acceptable or right for someone or something
10. effective successful or achieving what you want

Unit 2: Exercise 3
Match the sentence halves.

salt and fat, which can be addictive. a suitable diet and exercising often.

to change their dietary habits. be harmful for a person’s health.

too much fatty food are preventable. eating an excessive amount of food.

for reducing stress levels. that has a negative effect on health.

reduce their metabolic rate.

1. Weight gain can be caused by . eating an excessive amount of food

2. Obesity is a medical condition that has a negative effect on health.
3. People can lose weight by having . a suitable diet and exercising often.
4. Foods that are high in fat can be harmful for a person’s health
5. Some fast foods are high in salt and fat, which can be addictive
6. It can be difficult for a person to change their dietary habits
7. Most illnesses caused by eating too much fatty food are preventable
8. Some athletes take tablets to . reduce their metabolic rate.
9. Yoga is an effective technique for reducing stress levels.

Unit 2: Exercise 4
Read the information. Then choose the correct words to match the definitions.

Some root words in English can use more than one suffix. This can change the meaning and
the form (noun, verb or adjective) of the word. For example:

Root word: create

creative (adjective): producing or using original and unusual ideas
creation (noun): the action or process of bringing something into existence

It is important to understand how suffixes change the form and meaning of words so that you
can use the correct form when you write or speak.

1. harmful and harmless

A not able or likely to cause harm: harmful/harmless

B causing harm: harmful/harmless

2. dieter and dietician

A a person who studies and gives advice about food and eating: dieter/dietician

B someone who is trying to lose weight by dieting: dieter/dietician

3. addicted and addictive

A unable to stop doing something as a habit: addicted/addictive

B the substances that you take into your body and the way they influence your health:
addicted/addictive

4. nutrition and nutritious

A containing many of the substances needed for life and growth: nutrition/nutritious

B the substances that you take into your body and the way they influence your health:
nutrition/nutritious

5. preventable and prevention

A describes something that can be avoided: preventable/ prevention

B the act of stopping something from happening: preventable/ prevention

6. effect and effective

A something that is successful or achieves the results you want: effect/ effective

B the result of a particular action or influence: effect/ effective

Unit 2: Exercise 5
Read the words and phrases in the box. What are their functions? Complete the
table with the words and phrases.

to name one example in conclusion in particular in addition

by this I mean as well as this on the other hand that said however

ultimately on top of that largely thanks to because of this as such

adding more information contrasting with a previous giving examples or

point explanations
in addition On top of that however

As such ultimately as well as this

in particular on the other hand because of this

giving reasons concluding

largely thanks to In conclusion

to name one example That said

by this I mean

Unit 2: Exercise 6
Choose the correct words and phrases to complete the sentences.

A recent study has found that there are numerous factors that can reduce your life expectancy.
These include not exercising, not eating enough fruit and vegetables and, in particular/
largely thanks to , smoking. By this I mean/that said, you can do something to correct these
and other unhealthy habits.
As such/ On the other hand , you need to change your lifestyle. As such/ By this I mean don’t
overeat, start walking for 30 minutes a day and spend less time looking at a screen. As well
as/ Largely thanks to this, try to eat at least five portions of fruit and vegetables a day.

By this I mean / Ultimately , research shows that you are at greater risk of depression without a
strong network of friends and family. As such/ Because of this , work hard at ensuring that
you maintain regular contact with all your loved ones.

Unit 2: Exercise 7
Read the information. Then complete the sentences. Use the words and phrases
in the box.

We use both, neither and either to talk about two things. We use these words with nouns:

Both hospitals have now closed.

We can visit either shop.
Neither restaurant is open on Sundays.

Note that the noun after either and neither is in its singular form. We can also use both,
neither and either without a noun:

‘Do you prefer watching television or listening to the radio?’ ‘Both.’

‘Would you like orange juice or apple juice?’ ‘Neither. I’d like a bottle of water.’
I don’t like eating fish and my husband doesn’t either.

We can use both of, neither of and either of before a determiner (the / these / those /
possessive pronoun) + plural noun or before a personal pronoun (e.g. us / them, etc.). Note
that for both of, we always use the plural verb form, but for neither of and either of, we can
use both the singular and plural verb forms:

Both of them are harmful to your health.

I haven’t tried either of those alternative therapies.
Neither of my parents smoke / smokes

Both both of both of these either either of neither

Neither of none none of

1. Do you drink tea or coffee? ___neither____________ . I don’t think they’re very

healthy drinks.

2. I haven’t been to __noun of___________ the new vegetarian restaurants, but I hear
they are ___both__________ very good.
 3. A poor diet can lead to obesity and high cholesterol, and ___ both of
___________ these health problems have serious implications.
4. Did any of your children get the flu this winter? No, ___ either of ___________
them.

5. Can I have some more cheese, please? Sorry, there’s __none____________ left .

6. High blood pressure can lead to other health issues, including heart and kidney
problems. __ both of these ____________ problems can have very serious
implications.

7. ___neither of_____________ my parents has very good health because they don’t
exercise enough.

8. I don’t eat red meat and my partner doesn’t ______either__________ .

Unit 2: Exercise 8
Complete the sentences. Use the words and phrases in the box.

Few of many much of some of the majority of the whole of whole

1. Not many wanted a new supermarket in the village, but _______________ the
residents were in favour.

2. ______________ the medical group voted for more funds for a new hospital. Nobody
was against it.

3. _______________ the employees in the laboratory are over the age of 30.

4. He spends _____________ his free time playing video games.

5. They don’t suffer from ______________ serious health problems.

6. He feels very lonely because only a ______________ his friends and relatives have
visited him in hospital.

7. The ________________ group acknowledged that more money was needed to

continue the research.

Unit 2: Exercise 9
Put the words in the correct order to complete the sentences.

of these serious health implications problems can have both

 1. __________ ___________ __________ __________ __________ __________

the report the whole of medical profession with the agrees

2. __________ ___________ __________ __________ __________ __________

People of are overweight or obese the majority

3. __________ ___________ __________ __________ __________ __________

Hospitals reduced waiting by almost many have three hours

times

4. __________ ___________ __________ __________ __________ __________

__________ __________

developed world place taking in the much of the increase

in obesity is

5. __________ ___________ __________ __________ __________ __________

__________ __________

Of reports addiction focus a number on the increasing to

junk food

6. __________ ___________ __________ __________ __________ __________

__________ __________ __________

Agree of with experts health I don’t so-called either

those

7. __________ ___________ __________ __________ __________ __________

__________ __________ __________

it’s have that of their children worrying health problems all four

8. __________ ___________ __________ __________ __________ __________

__________

Unit 2: Exercise 10
Read about how attitudes to diet and health have changed over time. Choose the
correct words and phrases to complete the sentences.
Nowadays, nearly all/most adults understand what a healthy diet should contain. This is
because/largely thanks to the fact that more nutrition/nutritional information is available. This
is a huge improvement on the situation 50 years ago, when few/many knew what to eat and
drink to keep healthy. Today, the majority/whole of people say that eating lots of fruit and
vegetables, as well as/in particular doing regular exercise, is an important part of a healthy
lifestyle. Because of this/That said , many people still say they would like to improve their
diets and a number of/much of studies show that the global obesity rate has actually
increased over the last 50 years. One reason for this is that more and more people are
becoming addicted/addictive to junk food. While there is a lot of information about the
negative affects/effects of fatty foods, it is up to individuals to ensure that their own diets
remain balanced and healthy.