STUDENT NUMBER: _____________________

The Scots College

2021 HSC Year 12 Trial Examination

Mathematics Advanced

• Reading time – 10 minutes

General
• Working time – 3 hours
Instructions
• Write using black pen
• Calculators approved by NESA may be used.
• A reference sheet is provided.
• For questions in Section II, show all relevant mathematical
reasonings and/or calculations.

Total marks: 100 • Section I – 10 marks (pages 2–5)

- Attempt Questions 1–10
- Allow about 15 minutes for this section

• Section II – 90 marks (pages 8 – 30)

- Attempt Questions 11–32
- Allow about 2 hours and 45 minutes for this section

-1-
BLANK PAGE
Section I

10 marks
Attempt Questions 1–10
Allow about 15 minutes for this section

Use the multiple-choice answer sheet for Questions 1–10.

1 If 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 ! − 3𝑥, what is the value of 𝑓′(−1)?

A. −7
B. −1
C. 1
D. 7

2 The discrete random variable 𝑋 has the following probability distribution.

X 0 1 2
P ( X = x) a b 0.3

Given that 𝐸(𝑋) = 0.8, what are the values of 𝑎 and 𝑏?

A. 𝑎 = 0.5 and 𝑏 = 0.2

B. 𝑎 = 0.2 and 𝑏 = 0.5
C. 𝑎 = 0.3 and 𝑏 = 0.4
D. 𝑎 = 0.3 and 𝑏 = 0.2

3 Which of the following is the primitive of 𝑥 " (3𝑥 # − 1)! ?

A. 4𝑥 " (3𝑥 # − 1)# + 𝐶

1
B. (3𝑥 # − 1)$ + 𝐶
5
9
C. (3𝑥 # − 1)$ + 𝐶
5
1
D. (3𝑥 # − 1)$ + 𝐶
45

–3–
4 Lahni is investing $1000 every three months into an annuity which earns interest at 4% p.a.
compounded quarterly.

Future values of annuity of $1

Interest Rate
Period 1% 2% 3% 4% 8%
3 3.0301 3.0604 3.0909 3.1216 3.2464
6 6.1520 6.3081 6.4684 6.6330 7.3359
9 9.3685 9.7546 10.1591 10.5828 12.4876
12 12.6825 13.4121 14.1920 15.0258 18.9771
18 19.6147 21.4123 23.4144 25.6454 37.4502
24 26.9735 30.4219 34.4265 39.0826 66.7648
30 34.7849 40.5681 47.5754 56.0849 113.2832
36 43.0769 51.9944 63.2759 77.5983 187.1021

Using the table of future values of an annuity of $1 above, how much is in in Lahni’s account
after 3 years?

A. $77 598.90
B. $43 076.90
C. $15 025.80
D. $12 682.50

5 A sequence of transformations is applied to a function 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥):

%
• Horizontally dilated by a factor of #
• Translated right 2 units
• Translated up 4 units

Which of the following represents the transformations undergone in the above order?

𝑥−2
A. 𝑦 = 𝑓; <+4
3

B. 𝑦 = 𝑓=3(𝑥 − 2)> + 4

𝑥
C. 𝑦 = 𝑓 ? − 6A + 4
3

D. 𝑦 = 𝑓(3𝑥 − 2) + 4

–4–
6 𝐴𝑂𝐵 is a sector of a circle, centre 𝑂 and radius 5 cm. The sector has an area of 10𝜋.

What is the arc length of the sector?

A. 2𝜋
B. 4𝜋
C. 6𝜋
D. 10𝜋

7 & '
Which of the following best represents the graph of 𝑔(𝑥) = 2 cos ?" + ( A?

A. B.

C. D.

–5–
8 The first five terms of a sequence are −1, 1, 5, 13, 29, … .

Given that 𝑇% = −1, 𝑤hich of the following recurrence relations could generate
this sequence?

A. 𝑇) = 2𝑇)*% + 3 for 𝑛 ≥ 2

B. 𝑇) = 𝑇)*% + 8 for 𝑛 ≥ 2

C. 𝑇) = 3𝑇)*% − 2 for 𝑛 ≥ 2

D. 𝑇) = 𝑇)*% + 13 for 𝑛 ≥ 2

9 What is the derivative of 2 ln(8𝑥 + 2) ?

A. 2
2𝑥 + 1
B. 12
ln(8𝑥 + 2)
C. 8
4𝑥 + 1
D. 8
4𝑥 + 2

10 Let 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) be a differentiable function such that

• 𝑓 + (−2) = 0 and
• 𝑓 + (𝑥) > 0 for all 𝑥, except 𝑥 = −2.

What feature of the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) occurs at 𝑥 = −2?

A. Minimum turning point

B. Maximum turning point

C. Horizontal point of inflection

D. Vertical Asymptote

–6–
 STUDENT NUMBER_____________________

2021 HSC TRIAL EXAMINATION

Mathematics Advanced
Section II Answer Booklet

90 marks
Attempt Questions 11–32
Allow about 2 hours and 45 minutes for this section

Instructions • There are three parts to this section: Part A, B and C.

• Write your student number at the beginning of each PART.
• Answer the questions in the spaces provided. These spaces provide
guidance for the expected length of response.
• Your responses should include relevant mathematical reasoning
and/or calculations.
• Extra writing space is provided at the back of this booklet. If you
use this space, clearly indicate which question you are answering.

–7–
PART A (44 marks) STUDENT NUMBER: _____________________

Question 11 (2 marks)

, 2
Find ,& 4𝑥 cos 2𝑥.

Question 12 (2 marks)
% 2
A geometric sequence has a first term of # and a common ratio of 3. What is the 10th term of
the sequence?

Question 13 (2 marks)
$ 2
Find the value of ∫- (3𝑥 # − 𝑥 − 5)𝑑𝑥 .

–8–
Question 14 (2 marks)

The diagram shows a triangle with sides of length 𝑥 m and 5 m, and angles 120° and 15°. 2

120°
5m NOT TO SCALE

15°

𝑥 m

Find the exact value of 𝑥.

Question 15 (2 marks)

A piecewise continuous function 𝑓(𝑥) is defined as follows. 2

−𝑥 + 3, 𝑥<0
𝑓(𝑥) = U 3
, 𝑥≥0
3𝑥 + 1

Find the value of 𝑓(−1) − 𝑓(2).

–9–
Question 16 (2 marks)

The diagram shows the graph of 𝑓′(𝑥). 2

Without labelling 𝑥 and 𝑦 intercepts, draw a possible sketch of 𝑦 = 𝑓′′(𝑥) in the space below.

Question 17 (2 marks)

" 2
Given sin 𝜃 = − $ and 270° ≤ 𝜃 ≤ 360°, find the exact value of cos 𝜃.

– 10 –
Question 18 (4 marks)

A set of bivariate data is collected by measuring the length (𝐿) and diameter (𝐷) of bean
sprouts. The graph shows a scatterplot of these measurements.
𝑫

(a) Calculate Pearson’s correlation coefficient for the data, correct to 3 decimal places. 1

(b) How would you describe the correlation between the 2 variables? 1

(c) Find the equation of the least squares regression line in terms of 𝐷 and 𝐿. 2
(Round off values to 3 decimal places when required)

– 11 –
Question 19 (7 marks)

A function is given by 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 ! − 2𝑥 # .

(a) Find the stationary points and/or points of inflection and determine their nature. 4

Question 19 continues over the page

– 12 –
Question 19 (continued)

(b) Sketch a graph of 𝑓(𝑥), labelling the stationary points, inflection points, and axis intercepts. 3

Question 20 (2 marks)

Sam’s bicycle was fitted with a tracking device before he went for a 12 hour endurance ride. The 2
GPS tracking malfunctioned, but some data on Sam’s velocity was recovered. His velocity at 2
hour time intervals is shown below.

10:00 12:00
Time 6:00 am 8:00 am 2:00 pm 4:00 pm 6:00 pm
am pm
Velocity
25 30 16 20 25 35 0
(km/hr)

Use the trapezoidal rule to estimate the distance Sam travelled over the 12-hour bike ride.

– 13 –
Question 21 (4 marks)

The developers of a new videogame have found that the rate of change of the number of 4
active players of their game is given by
𝑑𝑁
= 300𝑡 + 40
𝑑𝑡
where 𝑁 is the number of active players and 𝑡 is the number of days since launch.
If there were 800 active players at launch, how many days did it take for the game to reach
20 000 active players? (Give your answer to the nearest day).

– 14 –
Question 22 (8 marks)

A particle moves in a straight line with velocity 𝑣 ms *% at time t seconds is given by

6
𝑣 = 2 − .
𝑡+1
(a) Find the particle’s initial velocity. 1

(b) Find the acceleration of the particle when it is at rest. 2

(c) By considering the velocity for large values of 𝑡, sketch the graph of velocity vs. 2
time for 𝑡 ≥ 0.

Question 22 continues over the page

– 15 –
Question 22 (continued)

(d) Hence, by considering areas or otherwise, find the exact distance travelled in 3
the first 5 seconds.

– 16 –
Question 23 (5 marks)

Lizzie is a university student collecting data about her classmates’ alcohol consumption. A
question in her survey asks the respondent to indicate how many alcoholic drinks they typically
consume each week.

The data collected is continuous and displayed in class intervals in the cumulative frequency
histogram below.

(a) By drawing an ogive, calculate how many drinks per week the median (𝑄" ) number of 2
respondents consume?

(b) By calculating the 5-number summary, construct a box-plot to represent the data. 3

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Section II extra writing space

If you use this space, clearly indicate which question you are answering

– 18 –
PART B (25 marks) STUDENT NUMBER: ___________________

Question 24 (3 marks)

The graph of 𝑦 = sin 𝑥 is shown in the diagram below.

(a) Using the graph above, explain why the equation sin 𝑥 = 1 − & has three solutions. 1
#

(b) Use the graph to find the approximate solutions to the equation sin 𝑥 = 1 − &. 2
#

– 19 –
Question 25 (4 marks)

A continuous random variable 𝑋 has a probability density function given by 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎𝑥 # for
0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2, where 𝑎 is a positive constant.

(a) Find the value of 𝑎 which makes 𝑓(𝑥) a valid probability density function. 2

(b) Find the cumulative distribution function of X. 2

(c) Hence, find the value of the median to 2 decimal places. 1

– 20 –
Question 26 (4 marks)
A bag contains 6 identical balls, numbered 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6. A ball is randomly selected,
then, without replacement, a second ball is randomly selected.

(a) What is the probability that the first ball selected is numbered 3 and the second ball selected 1
is numbered 4?

(b) The numbers on the two selected balls are added together. 2
What is the probability that the sum of the numbers on the two balls is 7?

(c) If it is given that the sum of the numbers on the two balls is 7, determine the probability 1
that the second ball drawn is numbered 4.

– 21 –
Question 27 (6 marks)

Archie sees an unidentified flying object in the sky hovering above point 𝑃 in a direction of
N20°W and at an angle of elevation of 40°. He calls his brother Beau, who sees the same object
in a direction of S80°E and at an angle of elevation of 60°. According to their GPS, Archie and
Beau are 1.5 km away from each other.

NOT TO SCALE

(a) Show that ∠𝐴𝑃𝐵 = 120°. 2

(b) Show that 𝐴𝑃 = ℎ tan 50°. 1

Question 27 continues over the page

– 22 –
Question 27 (continued)

(c) By finding a similar expression for 𝐵𝑃 and using the cosine rule in triangle 𝐴𝑃𝐵, find the 3
height (ℎ) of the flying object above point 𝑃, to the nearest metre.

– 23 –
Question 28 (3 marks)

Consider the functions 𝑓(𝑥) = ln(𝑥) and 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑒 #&*% .

&! 1
(a) Show that 𝑔=𝑓(𝑥)> = .
.

(b) Hence, sketch the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑔=𝑓(𝑥)>, by considering its domain. 2

– 24 –
Question 29 (4 marks)

A soft drink company produces a bottled drink. The amount of liquid poured into each bottle by
the bottling machine is normally distributed, with a mean of 700 mL and a standard deviation of
20 mL.

(a) What percentage of bottles would have between 720 and 760 mL of liquid? 2

(b) A bottle has a z-score of −1.4. How many mL under the mean is this bottle? 2

– 25 –
Section II extra writing space

If you use this space, clearly indicate which question you are answering

– 26 –
PART C (21 marks) STUDENT NUMBER: ___________________

Question 30 (9 marks)

(a) Show that 𝑥 = ' is a solution of sin 2𝑥 = − cos ?𝑥 + 'A. 2

# "

(b) On the same set of axes, sketch the graphs of 𝑦 = sin 2𝑥 and 𝑦 = − cos ?𝑥 + 'A for 3
"

−𝜋 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 𝜋, showing the 𝑥-coordinate of any intersection points.

Question 30 continues on page 21

– 27 –
Question 30 (continued)

(c) Find the exact area between the graphs of 𝑦 = sin 2𝑥 and 𝑦 = − cos ?𝑥 + 'A 4
"
' '
In the interval − # ≤ 𝑥 ≤ # .

– 28 –
Question 31 (6 marks)

Barbara borrowed $150 000. She agreed to repay the loan in equal monthly instalments of $1 075
at the end of each month. Interest is charged at 6% p. a., compounded monthly.

(a) Calculate the amount she owed at the end of the first month after her repayment. 1

(b) Let 𝐴) be the amount she owed at the end of 𝑛 months (after the 𝑛th repayment 3
was made).
Show that 𝐴! = 215 000 − 65 000 × 1.005! .

Question 31 continues over the page

– 29 –
Question 31 (continued)

(c) How long does Barbara take to repay the loan to the nearest year? 2

– 30 –
Question 32 (6 marks)

A 100 centimetre length of wire is cut into two pieces at point 𝑥, as shown in the diagram below.

The piece of wire 𝑥 cm long is used to form a circle, and the remaining piece is used to form a
square.

(a) Show that the total area 𝐴 of the circle and the square is given by 3
𝑥 " (100 − 𝑥)"
𝐴= + .
4𝜋 16

Question 32 continues over the page

– 31 –
Question 32 (continued)

(b) At what length should 𝑥 be cut to minimise the total area of the circle and the square? 3
Give your answer to the nearest centimetre.

End of paper

– 32 –
Section II extra writing space

If you use this space, clearly indicate which question you are answering

– 33 –