LESSON 1

WHAT I KNOW

1. True
2. False
3. True
4. False
5. False

B.

Biases Instrument Theories Factual Investigation

Intuition Discovery System Subjective Interview

Dreams Experiences Data Phenomena Guessing

productivity drama validate opinions Literature

C.
Research is designed to validate the investigation of theories from a discovery. It is a
systematic investigation, and data is collected and must be analyzed. Interview is an
important data technique gathering when conducting a research because it helps
you explore opinions regarding the subject. Gathering details or information can
also be done through literature and factual resources.

Lesson 1
ACTIVITY 1: Question and Answer

1. What is Research?

Research is a scientific approach of answering a research question, solving a problem

or generating. It is conducted to evaluate the validity of a hypothesis or an interpretive
framework; to assemble a body of substantive knowledge and findings for sharing them
in appropriate manners; and to generate questions for further inquiries.

2. What is inquiry and its nature?

Inquiry is the process of finding answers to questions. The information and data
pursued through questioning begins with gathering by applying the different human
senses. It is exploring the natural or material world, and that leads to asking questions,
making discoveries, and testing those discoveries in the search for new understanding
 

3. What is the difference between inquiry and research?

Inquiry is a process that has the aim of augmenting knowledge, resolving doubt, or
solving a problem and Research is a formal work undertaken systematically to increase
the stock of knowledge.

4. How important is research in your daily life activities?

So research is important in my daily activities, because research helps me to discover more and
have new knowledge that I have never learned before, it also gave me a lot of experiences like
interviewing people and especially gaining new skills that includes analyzing of data.

5. Why is there a need to conduct research?

It is needed to conduct a research for us to be able to gain new knowledge, explore and discover
things and we did not learn before, and we can validate if the data we have or information is a
fact.

What is it?
1. Was there an instance in your life when you did an inquiry or research? Share and
describe your experiences .What are your challenges and difficulties?

Yes, especially my assignments I research some of them in order to know more about the lesson,
sometimes I even ask my teachers what is about that topic they are discussing. There are also
times when I want to gain knowledge about our world I also research them. So the challenges
and difficulties in my life is that because of the pandemic I nearly overthink or being stress
thinking how can I handle myself on surviving the new normal class because it is totally different
compared to the traditional class. So the only thing I can do is to inquire and research my lessons
while gaining new information and learning on them, and right now it’s our second semester I
can really handle it and still struggling to survive until the end.

2. As a learner in senior high school, how important is research in your daily life?

As a learner in senior high school, research is important in my daily life because it helps me to
develop my learning, build my confidence and even explore and solve problems in health,
business, crimes, technology and environment. It is important so that I can manage and learn
gathering data through literature and factual resources, it even helps me interacting with people
by interviewing them regarding on their opinions.

What’s more? Research needs a critical thinking

for you to analyze every detail of
1. the data you gather. It even focuses
on the creation of new ideas and
exploring it while gaining more
knowledge about it.

2. Research starts first with a puzzle

or question, which is you must find
ideas or information that may
answer the question. After gaining
data, it is needed to validate it and
also connect those ideas to create
new knowledge and facts.

In research the purpose of

3. investigation is to explore in detail
the allegations, to examine the
evidence in depth, and to
determine specifically whether
academic research misconduct has
been committed, and if so, the
responsible person and the
seriousness of the misconduct.

In conducting research it is also

4.
needed to interview people’s
opinion regarding the topic, there
are times the data you gathered is
validate as fact and there are times
it is just a belief but not yet proven.
What I have learned

1. Research is different from inquiry because the later will ask you a question .If
inquiring is synonymous with investigation then what makes inquiry different from
research which also investigates?

The main difference of them is that inquiry is more on asking questions and resolving
doubt while research is more methodological and systematic, it is trying to discover
something and aiming to answer the question full of facts.

2. Research in our daily life help us to understand various issues in life leading to a solution,
in what way does research empowers you with knowledge to learn new things?

Research help me in a way where I can be aware and understand public information
and issues, it even helps me to gain more knowledge by investigating, gathering and analyzing
different ideas. It helps me to learn on validating resources if they are fact or not. Research
gives me the knowledge to be more confident on my skills that I can improve more.

What I can do
1. What is the importance of research in your education as a 21st Century learner?

Research helps me in my education as a 21st Century learner to learn many ideas regarding our
lessons, especially in this time of pandemic I can’t depend on my teacher because the new
normal class is more on learning individually. Well research helps me to provide more
knowledge that is connected to what I am learning. It even helps me to develop my skills and
improve my critical thinking.

2. As a learner, what do you want to research on? Why?

As a learner, I want to research more on mental health and how can a person be able to
avoid stress and depression and maintain a healthy minds, because nowadays I observe
during this pandemic more and more people are committing suicide because of
depression. They want to end their sufferings, and I want to help those people that’s
why I want to know more about mental health and after I gain so much information on
it I would like to share it to every people.
 ASSESSMENT

1. False
2. true
3. False
4. False
5. True

B.

phenomena experiences Theories discovery validate

Biases Interview Investigation intuition dreams

guessing System Instrument Literature drama

subjective factual opinions data productivity

C.
Research is designed to validate the investigation of theories from a discovery. It is a
systematic investigation, and data is collected and must be analyzed. Interview is an
important data technique gathering when conducting a research because it helps
you explore opinions regarding the subject. Gathering details or information can
also be done through literature and factual resources.

LESSON 2

WHAT I KNOW
1.D 6.D
2.A 7.B
3.A 8.A
4.D 9.C
5.B 10.B
Activity 1: Question and Answer

1. Why is research practical and realistic?

Research is practical and realistic because it is based on the scientific method, which
demands that research should be start with an hypothesis, that should be falsifiable
(meaning that it can be proven right or wrong), followed by a scientific study in which the
hypothesis is tested. Research is also realistic because you cannot conduct a research
who is not proven as a factual information.

2. The first step of research process is to develop your topic or research problem.
What is the importance of considering those factors in selecting a research
problem?
It is important to develop the topic or research problem so that after finalizing it you
can come up with questions for this topic or problem. It is also important of considering
those factors because you need to know what researchers have done in the area on the
topic to help set up and define a problem that exists in the research.

3. Explain briefly. Research starts with a problem and ends with a new problem.

Research starts with a problem and ends with a new problem because when you are
starting a research you want to have solutions for the certain problem you are
investigating and after you discover something new about your topic. And it ends with a
solution to the problem and another problem which comes up to the mind of the
researcher thinking it might be research again.

4. What is the purpose of research ethics in doing research work?

Research ethics are the set of ethics that govern how scientific and other research is
performed at research institutions such as universities, and how it is disseminated. Their
purpose is they support the values required for collaborative work, such as mutual
respect and fairness. This is essential because scientific research depends on
collaboration between researchers and groups.

5. A research can be replicated but not the findings. Why?

Research can be replicated it means that other researchers can test the findings of the
research. Any piece of research must be repeated by other investigators before its
findings can be considered as reasonably well established. It gives credibility to the
conclusions of scientific research, while findings must not be replicated and should be
original because it is criteria for a successful thesis. Your thesis should be a significant
addition to the accumulated knowledge.
What’s more?

Questions:
1.Based on the article, how will you define ethics in research?
Based on the article ethics in research are moral principles that guide researchers to
conduct and report research without deception or intention to harm the participants of
the study or members of the society as a whole, whether knowingly or unknowingly.
Practicing ethical guidelines while conducting and reporting research is essential
to establish the validity of your research. Research ethics govern the standards of
conduct for scientific researchers. It is important to adhere to ethical principles in order
to protect the dignity, rights and welfare of research participants.

2.Are SARS-CoV-2 infection and transmission study on humans rather than

animal models unethical?
Maybe it is unethical because the study is focusing more on humans rather than animal
models which is also needed to conduct a research or study.

3.If you were a part of the research teams conducting such phenomenon, what
will you do to correct the unethical feature of the experiment?

Well, I will be more ethical when it comes to research that’s why I will focus on both
study of humans and animal model but first I must develop my main problem regarding
on the issue and then made questions related to it, after that I’ll gather data, validate
and investigate it.

What I have learned

1. Research process is a step by step procedure that guides the researcher in

conceptualizing and conducting the research. These seven steps are

Step 1. Define and develop your topic (Research Problem).

 Factors to Consider in Selecting a Research Problem

1. Researcher‘s area of interest

2. Availability of funds

3. Investigator‘s ability and training

Step 2. Find background information about your chosen topic (Review of Related
Literature).
Step 3. Plan your research design including your sample (Methodology).

Step 4. Gather necessary data using open ended questions (for qualitative research)
and closed-ended questionnaire or paper pencil test questionnaire (for quantitative
research) (Data Gathering Activities).

Step 5. Process and analyse data using thematic analysis (for qualitative research) and
statistical tools (for quantitative research).

Step 6. Formulate new insights gained (for qualitative research) conclusions (for
quantitative research) and recommendations.

Step 7. Define new problem.

2. According to Sanchez (2002) research is a continuous undertaking of making

known the unknown. This definition of research leads to common characteristics
of research. Can you elaborate further on this?

Research does not follow a one-way linear progression, instead it is a continuous process
of checking and re-checking, evaluating and analyzing, and repeating the entire process
over and over again.

3. What are some of the ethical codes of research?

 Honesty  Non-Discrimination
 Confidentiality  Social Responsibility
 Openness  Human Subjects Protection
 Social Responsibility  Informed Consent
 Legality  Carefulness
 Animal Care  Responsible Publication

4. What are some tips to avoid plagiarism when one is conducting research?

To avoid plagiarism we must be careful of using our sources when conducting a

research, we must paraphrase it or quote it from our sources, we can also credit the
original author in an in-text citation and reference list, you can also use plagiarism
checker to really check and see if the research you conduct is not plagiarize.
What I can do
1. How do you characterize good research writing?

A good research writing must be systematic, valid and can clearly explain solutions regarding
the problem. It can be replicable and also contains some originality to clearly signify and explain
the problem.

2. What is the importance of following the ethical standards in conducting a research?

So the importance of following the ethical standards is to be fair, to ensure that a research is
authentic and to adhere to ethical norms in research.

Assessment
1.D 6.D
2.B 7.A
3.A 8.A
4.D 9.C
5.B 10.B

LESSON 3

What I know
1. Quantitative Research
2. Qualitative Research
3. Qualitative Research
4. Quantitative Research
5. Qualitative Research
6. Quantitative Research
7. Quantitative Research
8. Qualitative Research
9. Qualitative Research
10. Qualitative Research
Activity 1: Question and Answer
1. How do you define the two designs of research: qualitative and quantitative?

Qualitative research is a method that collects data using conversational methods, usually open-
ended questions. The responses collected are essentially non-numerical. This method helps a
researcher understand what participants think and why they think in a particular way.

Quantitative research deals with numbers and measurable forms. It uses a systematic way of
investigating events or data. It answers questions to justify relationships with measurable
variables to either explain, predict, or control a phenomenon.

2. What are the differences and similarities between these methods?

The differences between these methods is that quantitative deals with statistics, it is expressed in
numbers and graphs, it is about testing, measurement and objectivity while qualitative deals with
words and meaning, it is about understanding, context, complexity and subjectivity.

The similarities of these methods are they have both have the process of inquiry and
investigation. They both use inductive and deductive methods of presenting data and they also
both start with a problem and end with a new problem.

What is it?

Discussion of Activity 1
1. In one sentence, differentiate a quantitative research from qualitative research
Qualitative research deals with words and meaning, it is subjectivity while quantitative deals
with statistics and numbers, it is objective.

2. Tell whether the following statement is a quantitative research or qualitative research.

Explain your answer.

a. Prefer for statistical summary of results.

It is quantitative research because quantitative deals with numbers, measurable forms and
statistics, and we can really state that the statement is quantitative because of the word
“statistical”.
 b. Prefer for narrative summary of results.

It is qualitative research because qualitative deals more on words and meaning, and if we
analyze the statement, the word “narrative” can clearly state that it is quantitative.

WHAT’S MORE?

Qualitative research is a  both inductive

Quantitative methods
method that collects data
and deductive deal with numbers and
using conversational
measurable forms. It uses
methods, usually open-  both have the process
a systematic way of
ended questions. The
of inquiry and investigation investigating events or
responses collected are
data. It answers questions
essentially non-numerical.
to justify relationships
This method helps a
 Both use textual forms with measurable variables
researcher understand
to either explain, predict,
what participants think in analyzing and or control a phenomenon.
and why they think in a
particular way. interpretation of data
What I have learned
Qualitative Research