São Paulo Journal of Mathematical Sciences

https://doi.org/10.1007/s40863-021-00257-w

ORIGINAL ARTICLE

Certain integral equation of fredholm type with special

functions

Dinesh Kumar1   · Frédéric Ayant2,3

Accepted: 11 July 2021

© Instituto de Matemática e Estatística da Universidade de São Paulo 2021

Abstract
Recently, Chaurasia et al. [5] have solved the one-dimensional integral equation of
Fredholm type involving the product of special functions. We solve an integral equa-
tion involving the product of a class of multivariable polynomials, the multivari-
able H-function and the multivariable I-function defined by Prathima et al. [17] by
the application of fractional calculus theory. The result obtained here are general in
nature and capable of yielding a large number of results (known and new) scattered
in the literature.

Keywords Multivariable H-function · Multivariable I-function · Class of

multivariable polynomials · Fredholm type integral equation · Riemann-Liouville
fractional integral · Weyl fractional integral

Mathematics Subject Classification  Primary · 45B05  · 33C60 · 26A33 ·

Secondary · 33C99 · 33E20

1 Introduction and preliminaries

Integral equations occur naturally in many fields of mechanics and mathematical

physics. Most integral equations closely connected with differential equations are
Fredholm Integral Equations. In mathematics, the Fredholm integral equation is an

Communicated by Hari Mohan Srivastava.

* Dinesh Kumar
[email protected]
Frédéric Ayant
[email protected]
1
Department of Applied Sciences, College of Agriculture, Sumerpur‑Pali, Agriculture University
Jodhpur, Jodhpur 342304, India
2
Collége Jean L’herminier, Allée des Nymphéas, 83500 La Seyne‑sur‑Mer, France
3
Department of Var, 83140 Six‑Fours‑les‑Plages, France

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 São Paulo Journal of Mathematical Sciences

integral equation whose solution gives rise to Fredholm theory, the study of Fred-
holm kernels and Fredholm operators. Fredholm theory is a theory of integral equa-
tions. The theory is named in honor of Erik Ivar Fredholm, in the simplest sense,
Fredholm theory concerns itself with the solution of the Fredholm integral equation.
Fredholm integral equations are derived from boundary value problems for differen-
tial equations and then solved by many simplified methods.

Definition 1.1  An equation which includes the integral of an unknown function u(x)
appearing inside the integral sign is called an integral equation. The general formula
of integral equations is as follows:
𝛿(x)

∫𝜙(x)
u(x) = h(x) + 𝜇 F(x, y) u(t)dt, (1.1)

where F(x, y) represent the kernel of the integral equation, the 𝜇 is a fixed parameter.
The limits 𝜙(x) and 𝛿(x) might together be variables, constants or a combination of
both, and they may be in one, two or more dimensions.
The above equation is called a Fredholm integral equation when the limits of
integration are fixed (constant) in the following form:
b

∫a
k(x) u(x) = h(x) + 𝜇 F(x, y) u(t)dt. (1.2)

The integral equation (1.2) is called a Fredholm Integral Equation of the first kind
and second kind when k(x) = 0 and k(x) = 1 respectively; if k(x) is neither 0 nor 1,
then (1.2) is referred to as a Fredholm integral equation of the third kind.
Fredholm integral equations arise naturally in the theory of signal processing;
also arise in linear forward modeling and inverse problems most notably as the spec-
tral concentration problem popularized (see, Slepian [20]). In recent paper [19],
authors have studied approximate solution to multi-dimensional Fredholm integral
equations of second kind using n-dimensional Legendre scaling functions. Ali et al.
[1] have discussed the solution of fractional Volterra–Fredholm integro-differential
equations under mixed boundary conditions by using the hybrid orthonormal Bern-
stein and block-pulse functions wavelet method (HOBW) method. A new Neumann
series method to solve a family of local fractional Fredholm and Volterra integral
equations was studied by Ma et al. [15].
In the last three decades several authors have made significant contribution to the
study of integral equation of Fredholm type involving various polynomials or certain
special functions of one and more variables (for details, see, Buschman [4], Ayant and
Kumar [2], Buschman [4], Chaurasia and Kumar [5], Love [13, 14], Higgins [9], Prab-
hakar and Kashyap [16], Srivastava and Buschman [21], Srivastava and Raina [26],
Srivastava and Saxena [27] and others. The object of the present paper to resolve the
one-dimensional integral equation of Fredholm type involving the product of special
functions by using fractional calculus, more precisely the Weyl fractional operator. In
this paper, we obtain solutions of the following Fredholm integral equation:

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São Paulo Journal of Mathematical Sciences

� ��
⎡ u x p ��
∞ � � �t � �t � ⎢ 1 y �
�
∫0
−𝛼 h1 ,⋯,hs x x 0,𝜆� ∶(𝛼 � ,𝛽 � );⋯;(𝛼 (r) ,𝛽 (r) ) ⎢ . �
y SL u1 , ⋯ , us H � � � � �
y y A ,C ∶(M ,N );⋯;(M ,N ) (r) (r) ⎢ . �
⎢ � �p� ��
⎢u x �
⎣ r y �
�
� � (r)
� � (1) (1) � � (r) (r) �
(gj );𝛾 , ⋯ , 𝛾 1,A� ∶ q , 𝜂 1,M(1) ; ⋯ ; q , 𝜂 1,M(r) ⎤
� (1)⋯ (1) �
⎥
�� � � (r)
� � (r) (r) �
fj ;𝜉 , ⋯ , 𝜉 1,C� ∶ p , 𝜖 1,N (1) ; ⋯ ; p , 𝜖 1,N (r) ⎦
⎥
� ��
⎡z x q �� (1) (r)
� � �
⎢ 1 y � aj ;𝛼j , ⋯ , 𝛼j ;Aj ∶ c(1) j
, 𝛾j(1) ;Cj(1) ;
1,p 1,p1
0,n∶m1 ,n1 ;⋯;mr ,nr ⎢ . �
× Ip,q∶p1 ,q1 ;⋯;pr ,qr ⎢
�
.
�� � � �
�
⎢ � �q� � b ;𝛽 (1) , ⋯ , 𝛽 (r) ;B ∶ d (1) ̄(1) (1)
, 𝛿 ;D ;
⎢z x � j j j j j j j
1,q 1,q1
⎣ r y �
� �
⋯ ; c(r) j
, 𝛾 (r) (r)
j
;C j
⎤
1,pr ⎥

� ⎥ f (y) dy = g(x) (0 < x < ∞).

⎥
�
(r)
⋯ ; dj(r) , 𝛿̄j ;D(r) j ⎥
1,qr ⎦
(1.3)
The multivariable I-function (Parsad [18]) is an extension to multivariable H-func-
tion (Srivastava and Panda [25]). It is defined in term of multiple Mellin-Barnes
type integral, given by

⎡ z1 �� a ;𝛼 (1) , ⋯ , 𝛼 (r) ;A
� �
j j ∶
⎢ . � j j 1,p
� � 0,n∶m1 ,n1 ;⋯;mr ,nr ⎢
I z1 , ⋯ , zr = Ip,q,p1 ,q1 ;⋯;pr ,qr . �
�
⎢ �� � �
⎢ . � bj ;𝛽j , ⋯ , 𝛽j ;Bj
(1) (r)
∶
⎣ zr � 1,q
� � � � (1.4)
c(1)
j
, 𝛾 (1) (1)
j
;C j
; ⋯ ; c (r) (r) (r)
j
, 𝛾 j
;C j
⎤
1,p1 1,pr ⎥

� ⎥,
⎥
� � �
(1) ̄(1) (1) (r) ̄ (r) (r)
dj , 𝛿j ;Dj ; ⋯ ; dj , 𝛿j ;Dj ⎥
1,q1 1,qr ⎦

r ∫
(2𝜋𝜔) L1 ∫Lr
1 ) ∏ { ( ) si
(1.5)
( }
= ⋯ 𝜙 s1 , ⋯ , s r 𝜃i si zi ds1 ⋯ dsr ,
i=1

where 𝜙 s1 , ⋯ , sr and 𝜃i si are given by

( ) ( )

∏n � Aj � ∑r ��
� � j=1
Γ 1 − aj + i=1 𝛼j(i) sj
𝜙 s1 , ⋯ , sr = ∏ � � �� ∏ � � �� ,
p Aj ∑r (i) q Bj ∑r (i)
j=n+1
Γ a j − 𝛼
i=1 j j
s j=1
Γ 1 − bj + 𝛽
i=1 j j
s
(1.6)

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 São Paulo Journal of Mathematical Sciences

∏ ni � � (i)
�� ∏ � (i) �
mi
��
� � j=1
ΓCj1 − c(i)
j
+ 𝛾j(i) si j=1
ΓDj dj(i) − 𝛿̄j(i) si
𝜃i si = ∏ � (i) � �� ∏ � (i) � �� ,
pi Cj (i) (i) qi Dj (i) ̄ (i)
j=n +1
Γ c j
− 𝛾 j i
s j=m +1
Γ 1 − dj
+ 𝛿 j i
s
i i

(1.7)
where i = 1, ⋯ , r and zi ≠ 0 . For more details, see Prathima et al. [17].
Following the result of Braaksma [3], the I-function of r variables is analytic if
p q pi qi
∑ ∑ ∑ ∑
Ui = Aj 𝛼j(i) − Bj 𝛽j(i) + Cj(i) 𝛾j(i) − D(i)
j j
𝛿̄(i) (i = 1, ⋯ , r). (1.8)
j=1 j=1 j=1 j=1

The integral (1.3) converges absolutely if

| ( )| 1
|arg zk | < Δk 𝜋, k = 1, ⋯ , r where
| | 2
p q mk
∑ (k)
∑ (k)
∑
Δk = − Aj 𝛼j − Bj 𝛽j + D(k) 𝛿j(k)
j=n+1
j
j=1 j=1
(1.9)
qk nk pk
∑ ∑ ∑
− D(k)
j
𝛿̄j(k) + Cj(k) 𝛾j(k) − Cj(k) 𝛾j(k) > 0.
j=mk +1 j=1 j=nk +1

The complex numbers zi ≠ 0 . Throughout this paper, we assume the existence and
absolute convergence conditions of the multivariable I-function.
Srivastava and Garg [24] introduced and defined a general class of multivari-
able polynomials, as follows
h ,⋯,h [ ]
SL1 s z1 , ⋯ , zs
R R
h1 R1 +⋯+hs Rs ⩽L
∑ ) z 1 ⋯ zs s (1.10)
(−L)h1 R1 +⋯+hs Rs B R1 , ⋯ , Rs 1
(
= ,
R1 ,⋯,Rs =0
R1 ! ⋯ Rs !

the coefficients B R1 , ⋯ , Rs are arbitrary constants, real or complex.

( )
We shall note
( )
(−L)h1 R1 +⋯+hs Rs B R1 , ⋯ , Rs
Bs = . (1.11)
R1 ! ⋯ Rs !

The series representation of the multivariable H-function (Srivastava and Panda

[25]) is given by Chaurasia and Olkha [6], as follows

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São Paulo Journal of Mathematical Sciences

⎡ u1 � g ;𝛾 � , ⋯ , 𝛾 (r)
�� � �
j 1,A�
∶
� � ⎢ . ��
0,𝜆� ∶(𝛼 � ,𝛽 � );⋯;(𝛼 (r) ,𝛽 (r) )
H u1 , ⋯ , ur = H � � � � ...
A ,C ∶(M ,N );⋯;(M (r) ,N (r) ) . � �� � �
⎢ � �
⎢ � fj ;𝜉 , ⋯ , 𝜉 (r) � ∶
⎣ ur � 1,C
� (1) (1) � � (r) (r) �
q , 𝜂 1,M(1) ; ⋯ ; q , 𝜂 1,M(r) ⎤
... � ⎥ (1.12)
� (1) (1) � (r) (r)
�
p , 𝜖 1,N (1) ; ⋯ ; p , 𝜖 1,N (r) ⎦
⎥
∏r � Ui
∑r �
�
𝛼 (i) ∞ 𝜙 v (−) i=1 ni
�� i=1 2 i
= 𝜙1 � � ,
∏ r i �
m�i =0 n�i =0
i=1
𝜖m i� n !
i

where
∏ 𝜆� � � ∑r (i) ��
j=1
Γ 1 − gj + 𝛾 Ui
i=1 j
𝜙1 = ∏
A
� � ∑r (i) �� ∏C � � � ∑r (i) �� ,
�
j=𝜆 +1
Γ g j − 𝛾
i=1 j
U i j=1
Γ 1 − fj + 𝜉 Ui
i=1 j
(1.13)
∏𝛼(i) � � �� ∏ (i) � � ��
𝛽
j=1,j≠m�i
Γ p(i)
j
− 𝜖j(i) Ui j=1
Γ 1 − q(i)
j
+ 𝜂j(i) Ui
𝜙2 = ∏ (i) � � �� ∏ (i) � � �� , (1.14)
N (i) (i) M (i) (i)
(i)
j=𝛼 +1
Γ 1 − pj
+ 𝜖 j
Ui (i)
j=𝛽 +1
Γ q j
− 𝜂 j
Ui

and

p(i)
m�
+ n�i
(1.15)
i
Ui = , i = 1, ⋯ , r;
𝜖m(i)�
i

which is valid under the following conditions:

≠
[ ] [ ]
𝜖m(i)� p(i)
j
+ p�
i
𝜖j
(i)
pm � + n
�
i
(1.16)
= 1 ⋯ , 𝛼 (i) ;p�i , n�i = 0, 1, 2, ⋯ ;ui ≠ 0.
i i

for j = m�i , m�i

A � C� B (i) D(i)
∑ ∑ ∑ ∑
Σi = 𝛾j(i) − 𝜉j(i) + 𝜂j(i) − 𝜖j(i) < 0, ∀i ∈ {1, ⋯ , r}. (1.17)
j=1 j=1 j=1 j=1

Let ∫ denote the space of all functions f which are defined on ℝ+ and satisfy

(i) f ∈ [C∞ (ℝ+ )],

(ii) lim x𝛾 f r (x) = 0 for all non-negative integers 𝛾 and r,
x→∞
(iii) f (x) = 0(1) as x → 0.

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 São Paulo Journal of Mathematical Sciences

For correspondence to the space of good functions defined on the whole real line
(−∞, ∞).
The Riemann-Liouville fractional integral (of order 𝜇 ) is defined by
x

Γ(𝜇) ∫0
1
D−𝜇 {f (x)} = 0 D−𝜇
x
{f (x)} = (x − 𝜔)𝜇−1 f (𝜔)d𝜔
( ) (1.18)
∫
ℜ(𝜇) > 0 ∶ f ∈ ,

where D𝜇 {f (x)} = 𝜙(x) is understood to mean that 𝜙 is a locally integrable solution

of f (x) = D−𝜇 {𝜙(x)} , implying that D𝜇 is the inverse of fractional operator D−𝜇.
The Weyl fractional (of order h) is defined by
∞

Γ(h) ∫x
1
W −h {f (x)} = x D−h
∞
{f (x)} = (𝜉 − x)h−1 f (𝜉)d𝜉
( ) (1.19)
∫
ℜ(h) > 0;f ∈ .

2 Solution of the integral equation (1.3)

Throughout this paper, we note

X = m1 , n1 ; ⋯ ;mr , nr ; Y = p1 , q1 ; ⋯ ;pr , qr . (2.1)

U = 𝛼 � , 𝛽 � ; ⋯ ; 𝛼 (r) , 𝛽 (r) ; V = M � , N � ; ⋯ ; M (r) , N (r) . (2.2)

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

( ) ( ) ( )
A = aj ;𝛼j(1) , ⋯ , 𝛼j(r) ;Aj ∶ c(1)
j
, 𝛾j(1) ;Cj(1) ; ⋯ ; c(r)
j
, 𝛾j(r) ;Cj(r) . (2.3)
1,p 1,p1 1,pr

( ) ( ) ( )
B = bj ;𝛽j(1) , ⋯ , 𝛽j(r) ;Bj ∶ dj(1) , 𝛿j(1) ;D(1)
j
; ⋯ ; dj(r) , 𝛿j(r) ;D(r)
j
. (2.4)
1,q 1,q1 1,qr

C = gj ;𝛾 � , ⋯ , 𝛾 (r) 1,A� ∶ q(1) , 𝜂 (1) 1,M(1) ; ⋯ ; q(r) , 𝜂 (r) 1,M(r) .

[( ) ] ( ) ( )
(2.5)

D = fj ;𝜉 � , ⋯ , 𝜉 (r) 1,C� ∶ p(1) , 𝜖 (1) 1,N (1) ; ⋯ ; p(r) , 𝜖 (r) 1,N (r) .
[( ) ] ( ) ( )
(2.6)

We have the following formula

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São Paulo Journal of Mathematical Sciences

Lemma 1 
� �p�
x
⎜ v1 y
⎡ ⎛ ⎞
⎢ �C ⎟
�
� � � t � � t � �
⎢
h ,⋯,hs x x � ;U
⎜ . � . ⎟
W 𝛽−𝛼 ⎢y−𝛼 SL1 u1 , ⋯ , us HA0,𝜆
� ,C� ;V
⎜ � ⎟
⎢ y y ⎜ . � .
� ⎟
⎢ ⎜ � � p� �
�D ⎟
⎢ ⎜v x � ⎟
⎣ ⎝ r y ⎠
� �q�
x
⎜ z1 y
⎛ ⎞⎤
� A ⎟⎥
�
�
⎜
0,n;X ⎜ . � . ⎟⎥
× Ip,q;Y � ⎟⎥
. � .
⎜ � ⎟⎥
⎜ � �q� �� ⎟⎥
⎜z x � B ⎟⎥
⎝ r y
(2.7)
⎠⎦
∑r �
h1 R1 +⋯+hs Rs ⩽L 𝛼 (i) ∞ ∏r Ui i=1 ni
−𝛽
� � � i=1 𝜙2 vi (−)
=y 𝜙1 ∏r i �
R1 ,⋯,Rs =0 m� =0 n� =0 i=1 𝜖 � ni !mi
i i
� �t ∑s Ri +p� ∑ri=1 Ui
i=1
R1 Rr x
Bs u1 ⋯ ur
y
� �q
⎛ z1 x ⎞
y � �1 − 𝛽 − t ∑s R − p� ∑r U ;q� , ⋯ , q� ;1�, A
i=1 i i=1 i
⎜ � ⎟
0,n+1;X ⎜ . � ⎟
× Ip+1,q+1;Y ⎜ �
⎜ � . �q �� �1 − 𝛼 − t ∑s R − p� ∑r U ;q� , ⋯ , q� ;1�, B
� ⎟
⎟
⎜z x � i=1 i i=1 i ⎟
⎝ r y ⎠

where Bs , 𝜙1 and 𝜙2 are defined by (1.11), (1.13) and (1.14) respectively. Provided
that

(a) ℜ(𝛼) > ℜ(𝛽),

� (i) � � (i) �
pj d
(b) ℜ(𝛽) + p i=1 min(i) ℜ (i) + q i=1 min ℜ ̄j(i) > 0,
� ∑r � ∑r
1⩽j⩽M 𝜖j 1⩽j⩽mi 𝛿j

(c) |arg zk | < 2 Δk 𝜋, k = 1, ⋯ , r , where Δk is defined by (1.9).

| ( )| 1

+ pi ≠ 𝜖j(i) pmi + ni for

| | [ ]
(d) Which is valid under the following conditions: 𝜖m(i)� p(i)
[ ]

j = mi , mi = 1 ⋯ , 𝛼 (i) ; pi , ni = 0, 1, 2, ⋯ ; ui ≠ 0 . And

j i

A � C � B(i) D (i)
∑ ∑ ∑ ∑
Σi = 𝛾j(i) − 𝜉j(i) + 𝜂j(i) − 𝜖j(i) < 0, ∀i ∈ {1, ⋯ , r}.
j=1 j=1 j=1 j=1

Proof To prove the lemma we first use the definition of Weyl fractional integral
given by (1.19), express the multivariable class of polynomials SL1 s [.] in series
h ,⋯,h

with the help of (1.10) and the multivariable H-function in series with the help of
(1.12) and the multivariable I-function [17] in Mellin-Barnes type contour integral.
Now we interchange the order of summation and integrations (which is permissi-
ble under the conditions stated), we evaluate the t-integral and reinterpreting the

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 São Paulo Journal of Mathematical Sciences

resulting Mellin-Barnes contour integral as terms of the multivariable I-function,

after simplification we obtain the desired result.  ◻

Theorem 1 
∑r �
h1 R1 +⋯+hs Rs ⩽L 𝛼 (i) ∏r U
∞ ∞
𝜙2 vi i (−) i=1 ni
∫0
� � � i=1
y−𝛽 𝜙1 ∏r i �
R1 ,⋯,Rs =0 m�i =0 n�i =0 i=1 𝜖 � ni !
mi
� �t ∑s Ri +p� ∑ri=1 Ui
i=1
x R R
Bs u1 1 ⋯ ur r
y
0,n+1;X
× Ip+1,q+1;Y
� �q�
x
⎜ z1 y
⎛ ⎞
� �1 − 𝛽 − t ∑s R − p� ∑r U ;q� , ⋯ , q� ;1�, A ⎟
� i=1 i i=1 i
⎜
⎜ . �
�
⎟
⎟f (y) dy
.
�
⎜ � �q� �� 1 − 𝛼 − t si=1 Ri − p� ri=1 Ui ;q� , ⋯ , q� ;1 , B ⎟
⎜ �� ∑ ∑ � ⎟
⎜z x
(2.8)
⎟
⎝ r y ⎠
� � p�
x
⎜ v1 y
⎛ ⎞
�C ⎟
�
∞ � � � t � � t � �
∫0
h ,⋯,hs x x � ;U
⎜ . � . ⎟
= y−𝛼 SL1 u1 , ⋯ , us HA0,𝜆
� ,C� ;V
⎜ � ⎟
y y ⎜ . � .
� ⎟
⎜ � �p� �� ⎟
⎜v x �D ⎟
⎝ r y ⎠
� �q �
x
⎜ z1 y
⎛ ⎞
�A ⎟
�
� ⎟
⎜
0,n;X ⎜ . � .
� ⎟ D𝛽−𝛼 f (x) dy,
� �
× Ip,q;Y
. � .
⎜ � ⎟
⎜ � �q� �� ⎟
⎜z x �B ⎟
⎝ r y ⎠

under the same conditions and notations that (2.7).

Proof Let E denote the first member of the equation (2.9). Then using the Lemma 1
and applying (1.15), we have
∞ [ ( )t ( )t ]

∫0 Γ(𝛼 − 𝛽)
f (y) 𝛼−𝛽−1 −𝛼 h1 ,⋯,hs x x
E= (𝜉 − y) 𝜉 SL u1 , ⋯ , us
y y
[ ( )� �
] [ ( )� �
]
p ( ) p q ( ) q
x x x x
× H v1 , ⋯ , vr I z1 , ⋯ , zr d𝜉 dy
𝜉 𝜉 𝜉 𝜉
∞ [ ( )t ( )t ] [ ( )p� ( )p� ]

∫0
−𝛼 h1 ,⋯,hs x x x x
= 𝜉 SL u1 , ⋯ , us H v1 , ⋯ , vr
y y 𝜉 𝜉
[ ( )� ( )q� ]{ 𝜉
q
(𝜉 − y)𝛼−𝛽−1
}

∫0
x x
× I z1 , ⋯ , zr f (y) dy d𝜉.
𝜉 𝜉 Γ(𝛼 − 𝛽)
(2.9)

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São Paulo Journal of Mathematical Sciences

Change the order of integration is assumed to be permissible just as in the proof of

Lemma 1. Next we have
∞ [ ( )t ( )t ] [ ( )p� ( )p� ]

∫0
−𝛼 h1 ,⋯,hs x x x x
E= 𝜉 SL u1 , ⋯ , us H v1 , ⋯ , vr
y y 𝜉 𝜉
[ ( )� ( )q� ]
q
x x
× I z1 , ⋯ , zr D𝛽−𝛼 {f (y)}dy d𝜉,
𝜉 𝜉
(2.10)
we obtain the desired result where f ∈ ∫ and x > 0 .  ◻

3 Particular cases

(a) If Aj = Bj = Cj(i) = D(i)

j
= 1 , then the multivariable I-function [17] reduces to
multivariable H-function [24, 25]. Then we have following result:
∑r �
h1 R1 +⋯+hs Rs ⩽L 𝛼 (i) ∏r U
∞ ∞
𝜙i vi i (−) i=1 ni
∫0
−𝛽
� � � i=1
y 𝜙1 ∏r i �
R1 ,⋯,Rs =0 m�i =0 n�i =0 i=1 𝜖 � ni !
mi
� �t ∑s Ri +p� ∑ri=1 Ui
i=1
x R R
Bs u1 1 ⋯ ur r
y
0,n+1;X
× Hp+1,q+1;Y
� �q�
x
⎜ z1 y
⎛ ⎞
� �1 − 𝛽 − t ∑s R − p� ∑r U ;q� , ⋯ , q� ;1�, A ⎟
� i=1 i i=1 i
⎜
⎜ . �
�
⎟
⎟f (y) dy
.
��
⎜ � ∑s � ∑r � �
� ⎟
⎜ � �q� �� 1 − 𝛼 − t i=1 Ri − p i=1 Ui ;q , ⋯ , q ;1 , B ⎟
x
(3.1)
⎜z ⎟
⎝ r y ⎠
� �p�
x
⎜ v1 y
⎛ ⎞
�C ⎟
� � �t � �t � �
∞ � ⎟
∫0
h ,⋯,hs x x � ;U
⎜ . � .
= y−𝛼 SL1 u1 , ⋯ , us HA0,𝜆
� ,C� ;V
⎜ � ⎟
y y ⎜ . � .
� ⎟
⎜ � �p� �� ⎟
⎜v x �D ⎟
⎝ r y ⎠
� �q�
x
⎜ z1 y
⎛ ⎞
�A ⎟
�
�
⎜
0,n;X ⎜ . � . ⎟
⎟ D𝛽−𝛼 f (x) dy,
� �
× Hp,q;Y �
. � .
⎜ � ⎟
⎜ � �q� �
�B ⎟
⎜z x � ⎟
⎝ r y ⎠
Corollary 1.1 
under the same conditions and notations that (2.8) with Aj = Bj = Cj(i) = D(i)
j
= 1.

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 São Paulo Journal of Mathematical Sciences

(b) If
� �
B R1 , ⋯ , Rs
∏Ā � � ∏B� � � � ∏B(s) � �
a j R 𝜃 +⋯+R 𝜃
� (s)
j=1 bj
⋯ b(s)
(3.2)
j=1 j=1 j
1 j s j R1 𝜙j �
Rs 𝜙(s)
j
=∏ � � ∏ D� � � � ∏D(s) � � ,
C̄
j=1
cj �
R 𝜓 +⋯+R 𝜓 (s)
j=1 dj ⋯ j=1 dj(s)
1 j s j R1 𝛿j� Rs 𝛿j(s)

then the general class of multivariable polynomial SL1 [z1 , ⋯ , zs ] reduces to gen-
h ,⋯,hs

eralized Srivastava-Daoust polynomial [23].

̄
1+A∶B ;⋯;B� (s)
FC∶D
̄ � ;⋯;D(s)
� � � � � � �� � �
⎛ z1 �� −L ∶ R1 , ⋯ , Rs , (a);𝜃 � , ⋯ , 𝜃 (s) ∶ (b� );𝜙� ; ⋯ ; b(s) ;𝜙(s) ⎞
⎜ . �� . ⎟
⎜ . � ⎟.
⎜ �� � � � . � �� � �
(c);𝜓 � , ⋯ , 𝜓 (s) ∶ (d� );𝛿 � ; ⋯ ; d(s) ;𝛿 (s)
⎟
⎝ zu � ⎠
(3.3)
We obtain the following result:
∑r �
h1 R1 +⋯+hs Rs ⩽L 𝛼 (i) ∏r U
∞ ∞
𝜙i vi i (−) i=1 ni
∫0
−𝛽
� � � i=1
y 𝜙1 ∏r i �
R1 ,⋯,Rs =0 m�i =0 n�i =0 i=1 𝜖 � ni !
mi
� �t ∑s Ri +p� ∑ri=1 Ui
i=1
x R R
B�s u1 1 ⋯ u r r
y
0,n+1;X
× Ip+1,q+1;Y
� �q�
x
⎜ z1 y
⎛ ⎞
� �1 − 𝛽 − t ∑s R − p� ∑r U ;q� , ⋯ , q� ;1�, A ⎟
� i=1 i i=1 i
⎜
⎜ . �
�
⎟
⎟f (y) dy
.
��
⎜ � �q� �� 1 − 𝛼 − t si=1 Ri − p� ri=1 Ui ;q� , ⋯ , q� ;1 , B ⎟
⎜ � ∑ ∑ � ⎟
⎜z x ⎟
⎝ r y ⎠
� �t
⎛ u1 x � −L ∶ R , ⋯ , R , (a);𝜃 � , ⋯ , 𝜃 (s) � ∶
� � �
(3.4)
⎜ y � 1 s
∞ �
∫0
1+ ̄
A∶B � ;⋯;B(s) ⎜ . .
y−𝛼 F ̄ �
�
= �
C∶D ;⋯;D(s) ⎜ .
�
� .
⎜ � � �
t � � �
� , ⋯ , 𝜓 (s) ∶
x (c);𝜓
u
⎜
⎝ s y �
� � �� �� � �
(b );𝜙 ; ⋯ ; b(s) ;𝜙(s) ⎞
. ⎟
⎟
. ⎟
� � �� �� (s) � (s) � ⎟
(d );𝛿 ; ⋯ ; d ;𝛿 ⎠
� � p� � �q�
x
⎜ v1 y z1 xy
⎛ ⎞ ⎛ ⎞
�C ⎟ ⎜ �A ⎟
� �
� ⎟ � ⎟
� ;U
⎜ . � . ⎜ . � .
× HA0,𝜆 � ⎟ I 0,n;X ⎜ � ⎟ D𝛽−𝛼 f (x) dy,
� �
� ,C� ;V
⎜
� ⎟ p,q;Y ⎜
. � . . � .
⎜ � ⎟
⎜ � �p� �� ⎟ ⎜ � �q� �� ⎟
⎜v x � D⎟ ⎜z x �B ⎟
⎝ r y ⎠ ⎝ r y ⎠
Corollary 1.2 

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São Paulo Journal of Mathematical Sciences

(−L)h1 R1 +⋯+hs Rs B(R1 ,⋯,Rs )

under the same notations and conditions that (2.8) with B�s = R1 !⋯Rs !
 ,
where B R1 , ⋯ , Rs is defined by (3.2).
( )

4 Conclusion

The equation (1.3) is a general character. By suitably specializing the various param-
eters of the multivariable I-function, the multivariable H-function and the class of
multivariable polynomials, our results can be reduce to a large number of integral
equations involving various polynomials or special functions of one and several var-
iables occur in many fields of physics, mechanics and applied mathematics.

Declarations 

Conflict of Interests  The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of
this paper.

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