Progress Test 1

Unit 1

Name No. Class Date

READING
1. You are going to read an article explaining how a language becomes a global language. Seven
sentences have been removed from the article. Choose from the sentences A – H the one
which fits each gap a – g. There is one extra sentence which you do not need to use. (7 x 3p)
What is a Global Language?
There is no official definition of “global” or “world” language, but it essentially refers to a
language that is learned and spoken internationally and is characterised not only by the number of its
native and second language speakers, a.__________________,and in diplomatic relations. A global
language acts as a lingua franca, a common language that enables people from diverse backgrounds
5 and ethnicities to communicate on a more or less equitable basis.
Historically, the essential factor for the establishment of a global language is b.__________________.
Latin was the lingua franca of its time, although it was only ever a minority language within the
Roman Empire as a whole. Crucially, though, it was the language of the powerful leaders and
administrators and of the Roman military – and, later, of the ecclesiastical power of the Roman
10 Catholic Church – and this is what drove its rise to global language status. Thus, language can be
said to have no independent existence of its own, and a particular language only dominates when its
speakers dominate (and, by extension, fails when the people who speak it fail).
c.__________________: the number of countries using it as their first language or mother tongue, the
number of countries adopting it as their official language, and the number of countries teaching it as
15 their foreign language of choice in schools. The intrinsic structural qualities of a language, the size of
its vocabulary, the quality of its literature throughout history, and its association with great cultures
or religions, are all important factors in the popularity of any language. But, at base, history shows us
that a language becomes a global language d.__________________ and the economic power with which
it is able to maintain and expand its position.
20 English is the nearest thing there has ever been to a global language. Its worldwide reach is much
greater than anything achieved historically by Latin or French, and there has never been a language
as widely spoken as English. Many would reasonably claim that, in the fields of business, academics,
science, computing, education, transportation, politics and entertainment, e.__________________.
As we have seen, a global language arises mainly due to the political and economic power of its
25 native speakers. It was British imperial and industrial power that sent English around the globe
between the 17th and 20th century. The legacy of British imperialism has left many countries with the
language thoroughly institutionalised in f.__________________. In other countries, English provides a
neutral means of communication between different ethnic groups.
But it has been largely American economic and cultural supremacy – in music, film and
30 television; business and finance; computing, information technology and the internet that
g.__________________. American dominance and influence worldwide makes English crucially
important for developing international markets, especially in the areas of tourism and advertising,
and mastery of English also provides access to scientific, technological and academic resources
which would otherwise be denied developing countries.
www.thehistoryofenglish.com
accessed in January 2015

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A. English is already established as the de facto lingua franca
B. and make it an appropriate choice as a global language
C. but also by its geographical distribution and its use in international organisations
D. their courts, parliament, civil service, schools and higher education establishments
E. The influence of any language is a combination of three main things
F. has consolidated the position of the English language and continues to maintain it today
G. that it is spoken by those who wield power
H. mainly due to the political power of its native speakers

2. Explain the following sentences. (2 x 6p)

a. “(…) to communicate on a more or less equitable basis.” (l. 5)
b. “language can be said to have no independent existence of its own” (ll. 10-11)

3. Find synonyms for the following words in the second part of the text (ll. 20-34). (6 x 3p)
a. range ______________________________ d. heritage _____________________________
b. realistically _________________________ e. established __________________________
c. essentially __________________________ f. hegemony ___________________________

4. Answer the following questions about the text. (6 x 4p)

4.1 How is a “global” or “world” language characterised?
4.2 What historical events drove Latin to rise to global language status?
4.3 List the important factors in the popularity of a language referred to in the text.
4.4 Which factors do you consider the most relevant? Explain.
4.5 Explain how British Imperialism was the primary responsible for the spread of English in
the world.
4.6 Why is the USA such an important country when it comes to consolidate and maintain the
position of English in the world?

USE OF ENGLISH
1. For questions a – j, read the text below and decide which answer – 1, 2, 3 or 4 – best fits each gap.
(10 x 2p)

Is a Global Language necessarily “a good thing”?

While its advantages are self-evident, there are some legitimate a.___________ that a dominant
global language could also have some built-in drawbacks.
There is a risk that the increased adoption of a global language b.___________ to the weakening and
eventually the c.___________ of some minority languages. It is estimated that d.___________ to 80% of
5 the world’s 6,000 or so living languages may die out e.___________ the next century, and some
commentators believe that an excessively dominant global language may be a f.___________
contributing factor in this trend. However, it seems g.___________ that this is really only a direct
threat in areas where the global language is the natural h.___________ language (e.g. North America,
Australia, Celtic parts of Britain, etc.). Conversely, there is also some evidence that the very threat of
10 subjugation i.___________ a dominant language can actually galvanise and strengthen movements to
support and protect j.___________ languages (e.g. Welsh in Wales, French in Canada).
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 a. 1. speeches 2. concerns 3. proof 4. news
b 1. may lead 2. must lead 3. should lead 4. will lead
.
c. 1. lost 2. disappearance 3. departure 4. retreat
d 1. about 2. around 3. almost 4. up
.
e. 1. during 2. on 3. for 4. within
f. 1. minor 2. major 3. slight 4. considerable
g. 1. like 2. as 3. likely 4. if
h 1. first 2. second 3. minority 4. foreign
.
i. 1. by 2. for 3. to 4. towards
j. 1. native 2. major 3. minority 4. foreign

2. Complete the following text with the verbs given in the past simple or past perfect simple
(active or passive). (11 x 2p)
Old English (450-1100 AD): During the 5 th Century AD three Germanic tribes (Saxons, Angles,
and Jutes) a._____________ (come) to the British Isles from various parts of northwest Germany.
Before that, the language spoken in what is now England was a mixture of Latin and various Celtic
languages which b._____________ (speak) before the Romans came to Britain (54-55 BC). Latin
5 c._____________ (bring) by the Romans to Britain, which was part of the Roman Empire for over 400
years.
Middle English (1100-1500 AD): After William the Conqueror, the Duke of Normandy,
d._____________ (invade) and e._____________ (conquer) England in 1066 AD, the Old French
f._____________ (take) over as the language of the court, administration and culture. The English
10 language, as the language of the now lower class, g._____________ (consider) a vulgar tongue. By
1200, England and France h._____________ (split). English i._____________ (change) a lot, because it
j._____________ (speak) instead of written for about 300 years. The use of Old English
k._____________ (come) back with many French words. This language is called Middle English.

3. For sentences a – f, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first
one, using the word given. Do not change the word given and use between four and five
words, including the word given. (4 x 5p)
a. People say that Old English is very difficult to understand. (to)
Old English _____________________________ very difficult to understand.
b. The existence of a global language is threatening the survival of 6,000 living languages.
(threatened)
The survival of 6,000 living languages _______________________ the existence of a global
language.
c. Robert de Beaumont was one of the proven companions of William the Conqueror. (of)
Robert de Beaumont was __________________________________________.
d. Claire’s favourite language is English. (a)
English is _______________________________________________________

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 WRITING
Bearing the two texts in mind, write a text stating your opinion about the existence of a dominant
global language (120-180 words). (63p)

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 Correction Table – Test 1          

   
Year 12 Class__________ Date ___/___/___    
Link up to you!

Reading Use of English Writing  

 
    1. 2. 3. 4. 1. 2. 3. 1.
Total
7X3 2X6 6x3 6x4 10x2 11x2 4X5 63
No. Name
21 12 18 24 20 22 20 63 200
1                    
2                    
3                    
4                    
5                    
6                    
7                    
8                    
9                    
10                    
11                    
12                    
13                    
14                    
15                    
16                    
17                    
18                    
19                    
20                    
21                    
22                    
23                    
24                    
25                    
26                    
27                    
28                    
29                    
30                    

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 Progress Test 2
Unit 1

Name No. Class Date

READING
Read the following text.

What About The Future?

Although English currently appears to be in an unassailable position in the modern world, its
future as a global language is not necessarily assured. In the Middle Ages, Latin seemed forever set
as the language of education and culture, as did French in the 18 th century. But circumstances
change, and there are several factors which might precipitate such a change once again.
5 There are two competing drives to take into account: the pressure for international intelligibility,
and the pressure to preserve national identity. It is possible that a natural balance may be achieved
between the two, but it should also be recognised that the historical loyalties of British ex-colonies
have been largely replaced by pragmatic utilitarian reasoning.
The very dominance of an outside language or culture can lead to a backlash against it. People do not
10 take kindly to having a language imposed on them, whatever advantage and value that language may
bring to them. As long ago as 1908, Mahatma Gandhi said, in the context of colonial India: “To give
millions a knowledge of English is to enslave them”. Although most former British colonies retained
English as an official language after independence, some (e.g. Tanzania, Kenya, Malaysia) later
deliberately rejected the old colonial language as a legacy of oppression and subjugation,
15 disestablishing English as even a joint official language. Even today, there is a certain amount of
resentment in some countries towards the cultural dominance of English, and particularly of the USA.
As has been discussed, there is a close link between language and power. The USA, with its huge
dominance in economic, technical and cultural terms, is the driving force behind English in the world
today. However, if the USA were to lose its position of economic and technical dominance, then the
20 “language loyalties” of other countries may well shift to the new dominant power. Currently, perhaps
the only possible candidate for such a replacement would be China, but it is not that difficult to
imagine circumstances in which it could happen.
A change in population (and population growth) trends may prove to be an influential factor. The
increasing Hispanic population of the USA has, in the opinion of some commentators, already begun
25 a dilution of the “Englishness” of the country, which may in turn have repercussions for the status of
the English language abroad. Hispanic and Latino Americans have accounted for almost half of
America’s population growth in recent years, and their share of the population is expected to
increase from about 16% today to around 30% by 2050.
A report by the British Council suggests that the number of people learning English is likely to
30 continue to increase over the next 10-15 years, peaking at around 2 billion, after which a decline is
predicted. Having said that, though, there may now be a critical mass of English speakers throughout
the world which may make its continued growth impossible to stop or even slow. There are no
comparable historical precedents on which to base predictions, but it well may be that the emergence
of English as a global language is a unique, even an irreversible, event.

www.thehistoryofenglish.com
accessed in January 2015

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 1. Choose the correct option to complete the sentences about the text. (6 x 5p)
1.1 In the Middle Ages, the status of Latin as a global language
a. was replaced by French. 
b. appeared to be unquestionable. 
c. was threatened by education and culture. 

1.2 The existence of a global language is welcome so that

a. people from different nationalities can understand each other. 
b. nations can preserve their identity. 
c. historical loyalties may be acknowledged. 

1.3 Making an outside language the dominant language of a country is often seen as
a. a valuable asset. 
b. a sign of oppression. 
c. a respected legacy. 

1.4 As long as the USA remains the most powerful nation,

a. the future of the English language will be endangered. 
b. Chinese can be seen as an alternative global language. 
c. countries won’t think of shifting to a language other than English. 

1.5 The significance of the Spanish language is growing in the USA due to
a. the status of the English language abroad. 
b. the steadily increasing number of Spanish speakers. 
c. the dilution of the “Englishness” of the country. 

1.6 It is impossible to stop the English language from growing, although

a. a decline of the number of people learning English is predicted. 
b. comparable historical precedents show it may not be so. 
c. the emergence of English is an irreversible event. 

2. Find a word in the first three paragraphs that can be explained by the following definitions.
(7 x 3p)
a. something that cannot be destroyed, defeated or questioned ___________________________
b. to make something certain to happen ______________________________________________
c. strong efforts to achieve something ________________________________________________
d. easy understanding _____________________________________________________________
e. realistic and practical ___________________________________________________________
f. a strong negative reaction ________________________________________________________
g. a feeling of anger about something that you think is unfair _____________________________

3. Explain the meaning of the following sentences as they occur in the text. (3 x 7p)
a. “To give millions a knowledge of English is to enslave them.” (ll. 11-12)
b. “(…) the 'language loyalties' of other countries may well shift (…)” (ll. 19-20)
c. “(…) a dilution of the 'Englishness' of the country” (l. 25)

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 USE OF ENGLISH

1. For questions a – h, read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use
only one word in each gap. (8 x 4p)
American English is the variety of the English language spoken a._____________ the United States.
Although all Americans do not speak the same way, b._____________ speech has enough in common
that American English can be recognised c._____________ a variety of English distinct from British
English, Australian English, and other national varieties. American English has grown up
5 d._____________ the country. It began to diverge e._____________ British English during its colonial
beginnings and acquired regional differences and ethnic flavour during the settlement of the
continent. Today it influences f._____________ languages and other varieties of English
g._____________ it is the medium by which the attractions of American culture – h._____________
literature, motion pictures, and television programmes – are transmitted to the world.
http://autocww2.colorado.edu (adapted)
accessed in January 2015

2. Choose from the box the three words that have the same vowel sound as the one given. (4 x 3p)

fly jail die pretty sad women break minor leopard busy pale leisure

a. bin ________________, ________________, ________________

b. make ________________, ________________, ________________
c. buy ________________, ________________, ________________
d. pleasure ________________, ________________, ________________

3. For sentences a – d, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to
the first one, using the word given. Do not change the word given and use between
four and five words, including the word given. (4 x 5p)
a. Alan went to London to study English. He met his girlfriend Sonya. (was)
While Alan _________________________________ , he met his girlfriend Sonya.
b. Hans was refused a job in an interview. Only then did he start to study English. (been)
Hans only started to study English after he ___________________________________ in an
interview.
c. English has lots of varieties like American English. (one)
English has lots of varieties; American English __________________________________ .
d. The Hispanic population is expected to reach around 30% by 2050. (that)
Authorities expect _________________________________ around 30% by 2050.

WRITING

Write a text explaining why the author of the text states that “(…) the emergence of
English as a global language is a unique, even an irreversible, event.” (120-180 words)
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 (64p)

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 Correction Table – Test
       
2
Year 12 Class__________ Date
   
Link up to you! ___/___/___  

Writin  
Reading Use of English
g
 
    1. 2. 3. 1. 2. 3. 1.
Total
6X5 7X3 3X7 8x4 4X2 4X5 64
No. Name
30 21 21 32 12 20 64 200
1                  
2                  
3                  
4                  
5                  
6                  
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16                  
17                  
18                  
19                  
20                  
21                  
22                  
23                  
24                  
25                  
26                  
27                  
28                  
29                  
30                  

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 Progress Test 3
Unit 2

Name No. Class Date

READING
1. You are going to read an article about Nelson Mandela. Seven sentences have been removed
from the article. Choose from the sentences A – H the one which fits each gap a – g. There is
one extra sentence which you do not need to use. (7 x 3p)

South Africa mourns greatest Freedom Fighter

South Africa lost its most beloved freedom fighter on Thursday when Nelson Mandela passed
away at the age of 95.
Mandela – often affectionately referred to by the tribal name Madiba – succumbed after years of
frail health. a._____________ is mourned by admirers in his home country and all around the world.
5 In South Africa, Mandela’s legacy is unmatched. His ascendancy marked the end of decades of
apartheid, an institutionalised form of racial segregation that made black South Africans third-class
citizens while the white minority held firmly onto power.
b._____________ the first black president. But Madiba’s fight for equality began decades before
that. It was just after 1948 – when apartheid was first legislatively implemented – that the future
10 leader first became seriously involved in national politics. He joined the African National Congress
(ANC), a political bloc outlawed by the apartheid government, c._____________.
But his philosophy changed over the next several years, as Mandela increasingly found himself the
target of government authorities. He began to see violence as a necessary evil on the path to a more
equal society, and founded a military arm of the ANC called Umkhonto we Sizwe (Spear of the
15 Nation), which began launching attacks against government institutions in the early 1960s.
In 1962, Mandela was caught by the authorities and sent to prison. d._____________
By the time he was finally released in 1990, Madiba was a figure of world renown. Apartheid
officially ended that same year, but the transition to majority rule was not fully realised until the
ANC won national elections in 1994 and Mandela ascended to the country’s top post.
20 And thus began the five years that would cement Mandela’s place in history as one of the world’s
most beloved political figures.
Most exceptional about Mandela’s tenure was his refusal to punish white South Africans for the
power they had unjustly wielded for so many years.
e._____________ For long-disenfranchised black citizens, Mandela rolled out a series of social welfare
25 programmes aimed at reversing a legacy of white supremacy. But he also took care not to frame
progress as a goal for black citizens only – the future, he knew, could only be
built by all South Africans working together.
f._____________, Mandela used his global stature to defend various
independence movements in Africa and around the world.
30 g._____________ He famously declared that foreign dignitaries should leave him
in peace with the quip: “Don’t call me; I’ll call you.”
www.ibtimes.com (adapted)
accessed in January 2015

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A. A lifelong defender of sovereignty for oppressed peoples and marginalised nations
B. For him, reconciliation trumped revenge.
C. He would remain behind bars for the next 27 years.
D. in 1944, and began working to promote nonviolent resistance.
E. That era ended in 1994, when the first free elections saw Mandela become
F. The former president of South Africa and Nobel Peace Prize laureate
G. Mandela retired from public life altogether in 2004.
H. He was never seen in public for 27 years

2. Skim the text to find synonyms for the following words. (6 x 2.5p)
a. died _______________________________ d. personality __________________________
b. discrimination ______________________ e. fortify ______________________________
c. goal _______________________________ f. incumbency __________________________

3. Scan the text and find the expressions the journalist uses to tell us that: (4 x 3p)
a. Mandela belonged to an ethnic group; c. he became President;
b. black citizens were more than white ones; d. he was known worldwide.

4. Ask questions for the following answers. (4 x 6p)

a. ____________________________________________________________________________?
He was 95 years old.
b. ____________________________________________________________________________?
He fought for the end of Apartheid in South Africa.
c. ____________________________________________________________________________?
Because he began attacking governmental institutions.
d. ____________________________________________________________________________?
He didn’t punish the whites who had been persecuting the Black South Africans.

USE OF ENGLISH

1. Read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use only one word in each
gap. (8 x 4p)
While Mandela was in prison a._____________ didn’t surrender. He received a degree from the
University of London by correspondence and he began laying a framework b._____________
negotiations with the white government c._____________ ANC comrades on the outside rallied world
support for South Africa’s majority black population.
5 Mandela decided d._____________ to seek a second term as president, stepping down in 1999
e._____________ continuing to work as a civilian activist and public speaker to ameliorate still-
endemic problems like HIV/AIDS, poverty and vast gaps in wealth and income.
f._____________ defending independence movements he was made an ally of controversial figures
like former Cuban President Fidel Castro, the late Libyan dictator Moammar Gadhafi and the late
10 Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat. At times, Mandela has g._____________ been a severe critic of the
USA and the UK, accusing them h._____________ of interfering in the affairs of other countries.
www.ibtimes.com (adapted)
accessed in January 2015

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 2. Replace the words in bold by a suitable phrasal verb. (4 x 2p)
a. Nelson Mandela was born and raised in Johannesburg, South Africa.
b. Mandela presented the reasons for starting a new journey in his life to the journalists.
c. Mandela’s death caused great suffering to South Africans.
d. Fighting discrimination was a difficult task, but he succeeded to accomplish it.

3. For sentences a – d, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first
one, using the word given. Do not change the word given and use between three and four
words, including the word given. (4 x 2p)
a. Freedom fighters like Mandela hope to see their dreams fulfilled. (forward)
Freedom fighters look _____________________________ their dreams fulfilled.
b. Minorities insist on having their rights respected. (want)
Minorities _____________________________ their rights respected.
c. Struggling for the freedom of black South Africans was Mandela’s greatest cause. (to)
Mandela’s greatest cause was _____________________________ freedom of black South Africans.
d. In spite of all the hardships, Mandela still wanted to fight for his dream. (kept)
In spite of all the hardships, Mandela _____________________________ dream.

4. Rephrase the sentences starting them as suggested. (4 x 5p)

a. The reporter didn’t want to criticise Mandela’s action in South Africa.
Not for a moment ______________________________________________________________.
b. Mandela didn’t seek revenge.
At no time ____________________________________________________________________.
c. He was the only president to get married at the age of 80.
Never before _________________________________________________________________.
d. Not many politicians have the courage to dedicate their entire lives to a single cause.
Seldom ______________________________________________________________________.

WRITING
Bearing in mind the information
you have about Nelson Mandela,
write a news report about his life
and death. (60p)

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 Correction Table – Test 3            

   
Year 12 Class__________ Date ___/___/___      
Link up to you!

Reading Use of English Writing  

 
    1. 2. 3. 4. 1. 2. 3. 4. 1.
Total
7x3 6x2.5 4x3 4x6 8x4 4x2 4x2 4x5 60
No. Name
21 15 12 24 32 8 8 20 60 200
1                      
2                      
3                      
4                      
5                      
6                      
7                      
8                      
9                      
10                      
11                      
12                      
13                      
14                      
15                      
16                      
17                      
18                      
19                      
20                      
21                      
22                      
23                      
24                      
25                      
26                      
27                      
28                      
29                      
30                      

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 Progress Test 4
Unit 2

Name No. Class Date

READING

1. Read the text and say why brain drain has been a problem for India. (1 x 11p)
Brain drain: Advantage for developed countries, but misery for India
Brain drain has become a major concern of developing countries, especially India. The term, which
emerged in 1960s when the skilled workforce started emigrating from the poor countries to the rich
countries in search of better job opportunities and living conditions, became a hot topic of discussion over
the years. India has been losing its major skilled workforce that includes doctors, engineers, scientists
5 and technicians.

Higher education scenario in India

In the recent years, the cut-offs for admissions became close to 100% in the best Indian
universities. While the institutes are in the race of getting the best students in the country, the
ambitious youth who fail to meet the “irrational” demands had to compromise on their dream of
10 occupying a seat in any of the prestigious Indian universities. This leads them to explore the scope of
higher education abroad. Most of the students who try their luck in higher studies abroad get into
good universities as they have an edge over the students from other countries in terms of skills and
knowledge.
Better opportunities abroad
15 Most of the students prefer staying back in the host country due to better work opportunities and
heavy pay packages. After getting good global exposure and getting introduced to the high quality
life and facilities, the students become reluctant to go back to their home country.
These days, most of the developed countries act like organisations. When they fail to find good,
talented and skilled workers in their country, they attract the highly skilled and qualified people from
20 other countries. It’s very obvious that the skilled Indians prefer US Green Cards and EU Blue Cards
over the not-so-attractive pay checks and average living conditions of a developing country like India.
Wake up call for India
The increasing trend of brain drain of the skilled workers finally persuaded the government to take
action. After witnessing a huge brain drain of doctors (among the 3,000 medical students went
25 abroad in last three years, none returned), the health ministry has suspended issuing “no obligation to
return certificates” to the medical students going abroad for higher studies.
Further, this year onwards, the medical students going to the US for higher studies will have to
sign a bond with the government, promising to return to India after completing their studies. If a
student doesn’t fulfil the bond obligation, the ministry can write to the US and the permission for the
30 student to practice in the country will be denied.
While India is putting the best foot forward to curb brain drain, there are signs of reverse brain
drain where a few best brains are returning to India. With better economic policies and the human
capital to execute them, there is still hope for India.
www.studyabroad.careers360.com

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 accessed in January 2015

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 2. Read the text again and find words that fit in the following definitions. (7 x 2p)
a. the emigration of highly trained or qualified people from a particular country ________________
b. an act of stopping or interrupting the supply of something ________________
c. the extent of the area that something deals with or to which it is relevant ________________
d. those who receive or entertain other people as guests ________________
e. be unsuccessful in achieving one's goal ________________
f. a legal written argument ________________
g. restrain or keep in check ________________

3. Explain the following sentences as they occur in the text. (3 x 5p)

a. “(…) they have an edge over the students from other countries (…)” (l. 12)
b. “(…) no obligation to return certificates (…)” (ll. 25-26)
c. “While India is putting the best foot forward (…)” (l. 31)

4. Choose the correct option to complete the sentences. (4 x 8p)

4.1 Over the last 50 years, one of the major concerns of developing countries
a. has been the brain drain from rich countries.
b. has been the immigration of doctors, engineers, scientists and technicians.
c. has been the emigration of skilled workforce.

4.2 The reduction in the number of Indian university applicants can be explained by
a. their search for higher education abroad.
b. the lack of interesting courses.
c. the emigration of families to foreign countries.

4.3 The reason why students remain in the host countries after they finish their studies
a. can be explained by the lack of opportunities in their country.
b. is that they get used to a life they won’t have in India.
c. is due to the foreign demand of unskilled workforce.

4.4 The government had to take stricter actions on this issue because
a. students wanted to return after they finished their courses.
b. immigrants are returning at a low pace.
c. immigration was turning out to be permanent.

USE OF ENGLISH
1. Complete the sentences with a suitable preposition. (5 x 2p)
a. The debate over immigration brings ____________ the topic of working conditions.
b. Being an immigrant means being set ____________ from their roots.
c. We should set ____________ the debate on brain drain. We won't have time to finish it today.
d. Families shouldn’t set ____________ each other just because they live in a different culture.
e. Immigrants’ children will be brought ____________ according to the host country's culture.
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 2. Use the word given in brackets to form a suitable word to complete the text. (7 x 2p)
Time for a reality check in India?
Over the years, India has become a major supplier of a.____________ (skill) and talented
young people to the b.____________ (west) countries, particularly European Union. The
major c.____________ (destine) for Indians in the EU in the beginning of the century were
limited to UK, Germany, Italy, Austria and Spain. But now more and more Indians are
immigrating to countries like Poland, France, Ireland and Sweden. A good number of these
immigrants reach the host countries as students.
While 5,615 permits issued by the UK for Indians were for d.____________ (high) skilled
workers, Italy issued 3,479 permits for Indian e.____________ (season) workers. These
highly skilled migrant workers become permanent f.____________ (residence) of the host
countries as the long term socio-economic g.____________ (vantage) lure them.

3. Complete the sentences with a verb in the gerund or in the to-infinitive. (6 x 4p)
a. Immigrants leave their countries because they want ___________________________ for better job
opportunities abroad.
b. ________________ an immigrant means that you will always feel apart from social norms as they
have not always been yours.
c. If we want ________________ brain drain, we will have to change policies.
d. We can’t but help _______________ sorry for those who are forced to leave their countries.
e. The concerns over the immigration of skilled professionals won’t stop without governments
_________________ job opportunities for everyone.
f. All that recent graduates want is __________________ a well-paid job.

4. For sentences a – e, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first
one, using the word given. Do not change the word given and use between two and five
words, including the word given. (5 x 4p)
a. It’s the first time that immigration levels have been so high. (before)
Never _____________________________ so high.
b. If the McKenzies could get a job in Scotland, they wouldn’t emigrate. (had)
Had the McKenzies _____________________________ Scotland, they wouldn’t have emigrated.
c. We don’t know how much pain they suffer abroad. (do)
Little _____________________________ life abroad.
d. Some immigrants leave never to return from the host country. (moment)
Not _____________________________ immigrants think of leaving the host country.
e. Those students didn't often hear the expression “brain drain”. (hear)
Seldom _____________________________ the expression “brain drain”.

WRITING

Write an exposition saying if you agree or disagree with the quotation below. (60p)

“Immigration is one of the leading contributors to population growth.”

Paul Watson

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 Correction Table– Test 4            

   
Year 12 Class__________ Date __/___/___      
Link up to you!

Reading Use of English Writing  

 
    1. 2. 3. 4. 1. 2. 3. 4. 1.
Total
1X11 7X2 3X5 4X8 5X2 7X2 6X4 5X4 60
No. Name
11 14 15 32 10 14 24 20 60 200
1                      
2                      
3                      
4                      
5                      
6                      
7                      
8                      
9                      
10                      
11                      
12                      
13                      
14                      
15                      
16                      
17                      
18                      
19                      
20                      
21                      
22                      
23                      
24                      
25                      
26                      
27                      
28                      
29                      
30                      

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 Progress Test 5
Unit 3

Name No. Class Date

READING
1. You are going to read a statement of a former Erasmus student. For questions a – d read the text and
put the headings A – E in the right paragraphs. There is one you won’t need to use. (4 x 3p)
Erasmus experiences: how Erasmus changed your personal and professional life
Erasmus and similar study-abroad opportunities have changed the lives of people who have
experienced them. Professional and personal lives are influenced, and everyone who
experiences it keeps not only unforgettable memories and friends, but also relationships, skills
and personal improvement, which will influence their professional career in the future.
5 Denislav Atanasov, from Sofia, experienced Erasmus in Prague studying Civil Engineering.
This is his story.
a.________________________________
I still remember the rumours in my faculty about having problems with the recognition of projects
and exams, thus repeating an academic year because of Erasmus. When I started thinking seriously
10 of doing an exchange, all of my classmates were trying to dissuade me and just a few other friends
were convincing me to do it. Well, if you are reading this you could easily understand which choice
I made. Considering the recognition of exams, I would say that every problem has its solution, and
without getting into details I'm just telling you that all of my projects, exams and credits were
recognised successfully. I didn't have to repeat a year, therefore I proved all the rumours
15 I had heard to be nothing but preconceptions. If you want me to elaborate more on the solution of
how one can avoid the problem with recognition I would be happy to explain you personally.
b.________________________________
An ordinary day. I wake up and my Italian roommate is preparing breakfast. Going to the
university by the public transport mixed-up with the locals. I am listening to the lectures of a Czech
20 professor among Lithuanian, Spanish, French, Finnish and Turkish classmates. I am spending the
afternoon playing football with my English mates. My Portuguese friends prepared a dinner and I’ve
been invited – why not? Ooops assignment for tomorrow! I stay home, working with my German
classmate on the project till it is time for the last public bus to the city centre. Then… the night is
still young!
25 c.________________________________
When I counted how many people I had connected in the social media during Erasmus I was
amazed by the result – more than three hundred people from all over Europe in just one semester!
With some of them I’ve already started collaboration on different ideas, projects and start-ups.
Of course all of them are a synonym of a new country for cheap visits anytime I want.
30 d.________________________________
I managed to overcome the hurdles of living abroad during my exchange programme. On the one
hand, I opened my mind and raised a sense of cultural consciousness, and on the other, I improved
my teamwork skills and learned how to manage being part of an international team. I think out of the
box most of the time, compared to my friends who have never been abroad.
www.garagerasmus.org (adapted)

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 accessed in January 2015

A. A life-changing experience
B. Friends I used to have fun with are my future professional network
C. How I changed myself
D. Breaking the stereotype in my faculty
E. What happened during Erasmus

2. Say who or what the following words refer to in the text. (4 x 2p)
a. your (title) _______ c. which (l. 4) _______
b. it (l. 3) _______ d. their (l. 4) _______

3. Find synonyms for the following words in the text. (4 x 2p)

a. prejudices _______________ c. obstacles __________________
b. lessons __________________ d. awareness ________________

4. Explain the meaning of the following expressions. (2 x 4p)

a. “(…) all of them are a synonym of a new country for cheap visits anytime I want.” (l. 29)
b. “I think out of the box most of the time (…)” (ll. 33-34)

5. Answer the questions using your own words as far as possible. (4 x 8p)
5.1 Why wasn’t studying in Prague an easy decision for Denislav?
5.2 Did he have a long-lasting multicultural experience?
5.3 What will be the advantages of meeting so many people?
5.4 Will this exchange be an asset for his future professional life? Explain.

USE OF ENGLISH
1. Read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use only one word in each
gap. (8 x 3p)

Studying abroad
Best of all, the skills you gain from your experience are transferable. Being
good a.____________ studying in a b.____________ language or having to fight
through the reams of bureaucracy to register in the country you've decided to call
home for a year sets you apart c.____________ a lot of other candidates. Even
5 often overlooked aspects, d.____________ as finding yourself outside your
comfort e.____________ (though you might doubt it at the time!), can be
invaluable when it comes to giving a presentation to future employers
f.____________ a graduate assessment day or during a particularly tough
interview.
10 On top of this, doing a placement abroad shows you are able to adapt
g.____________ your surroundings and with the ever-increasing globalisation of
business and large companies with offices in a plethora of countries, you may h.____________ find
that you have the upper hand for roles that involve travelling or working in foreign climes.

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 www.thirdyearabroad.com (adapted)
accessed in January 2015

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 2. Complete the sentences according to Denislav’s agenda for this week. (5 x 3p)

Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday

10 am 8 am Afternoon Morning Lunchtime
Trigonometry Finish an Meet Italian Field trip to a write CV
exam engineering friend to national
project prepare a engineering
presentation laboratory

a. By Monday afternoon he _________________________ his trigonometry exam.

b. On Tuesday afternoon he _________________________ his engineering project.
c. By Wednesday evening he _________________________ a presentation with his Italian friend.
d. By Thursday afternoon the class _________________________ from the field trip.
e. By Friday afternoon he _________________________ his CV.

3. Fill in the gaps with the verbs in the future simple or be going to. (5 x 2p)
a. I think that António Guterres ____________________ (leave) the UN Refugee Agency.
b. Denislav has always been a good student. He ____________________ (be) a competent engineer.
c. His parents ____________________ (meet) him at the airport when he returns from Prague.
d. One day he ____________________ (visit) his Italian friends in Florence.
e. Next summer he ____________________ (send) his CV to all Bulgarian engineering firms and try
his luck.

4. For sentences a – f, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first
one, using the word given. Do not change the word given and use between five and seven
words, including the word given. (5 x 3p)
a. Are Erasmus students better qualified than ordinary students? (wonder)
I _____________________________ better qualified than ordinary students.
b. My mother said, “Write your CV and attach it to your application form.” (advised)
My mother _____________________________ CV and attach it to my application form.
c. The teacher said, “Don’t forget to read about the university you want to apply for.” (told)
The teacher _____________________________ about the university I wanted to apply for.
d. Which countries have Erasmus programmes? (happen)
Do you _____________________________ have Erasmus programmes?
e. “The students didn’t know which exchange programme to apply for,” the teacher said. (none)
The teacher said that _____________________________ which exchange programme to apply for.

WRITING

Write an anecdote. Think of an event you have been through in your student life and describe
it, sharing the feelings and impressions you’ve experienced. (60p)

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 Correction Table – Test 5              

   
Year 12 Class__________ Date __/___/___      
Link up to you!

Reading Use of English Writing  

 
    1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 1. 2. 3. 4. 1.
Total
4x3 4x2 4x2 2x4 4x8 8x3 5x3 5x2 5x3 60
No. Name
12 8 8 8 40 24 15 10 15 60 200
1  
2  
3  
4  
5  
6  
7  
8  
9  
10  
11  
12  
13  
14  
15  
16  
17  
18  
19  
20  
21  
22  
23  
24  
25  
26  
27  
28  
29  
30  

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 Progress Test 6
Unit 3

Name No. Class Date

READING
1. The words below have been removed from the text. Read it and for questions a – k put the
words in the box in the right places. (1 x 11p)
company equal falls growth labour paid productivity rosy services shift wage

Why globalisation may not reduce inequality in poor countries

Globalisation has made the planet more a.____________. As communication gets cheaper and
transport gets faster, developing countries have closed the gap with their rich-world counterparts. But
within many developing economies, the story is less b.____________: inequality has worsened.
Basic theory predicts that inequality c.____________ when developing countries enter global
5 markets. The theory of comparative advantage is found in every introductory textbook. It says that
poor countries produce goods requiring large amounts of unskilled d. ____________. Rich countries
focus on things requiring skilled workers. Thailand is a big rice exporter, for example, while
America is the world's largest exporter of financial e.____________. As global trade increases, the
theory says, unskilled workers in poor countries are high in demand; skilled workers in those same
10 countries are less coveted. With more employers clamouring for their services, unskilled workers in
developing countries get f.____________ boosts, whereas their skilled counterparts don’t. The result
is that inequality falls.
But the high inequality seen today in poor countries is prompting new theories. One emphasises
outsourcing – when rich countries g.____________ parts of the production process to poor countries.
15 Contrary to popular belief, multinationals in poor countries often employ skilled workers and pay
high wages. A report from the OECD found that average wages h.____________ by foreign
multinationals are 40% higher than wages paid by local firms. What is more, those skilled workers
often get to work with managers from rich countries, or might have to meet the deadlines of an
efficient rich-world i.____________. That may boost their productivity. Higher productivity means
20 they can demand even higher wages. By contrast, unskilled workers, or poor ones in rural areas, tend
not to have such opportunities. Their j.____________ does not rise. For these reasons globalisation
can boost the wages of skilled workers, while crimping those of the unskilled. The result is that
inequality rises.
Other economic theories try to explain why inequality in developing countries has reached such
25 heights. A Nobel laureate, Simon Kuznets, argued that growing inequality was inevitable in the early
stages of development, that those who had a little bit of money to begin with could see big gains
from investment, and could benefit from growth, whereas those with nothing would stay rooted in
poverty. Only with economic development and demands for redistribution would inequality fall.
Recent evidence suggests that the k.____________ in developing-country inequality may now have
30 slowed, which will prompt new questions for economists. But as things stand, globalisation may
struggle to promote equality within the world’s poorest countries.
www.economist.com

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 accessed in January 2015

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 2. Find in the text words that fit in the following definitions. (7 x 2p)
a. large difference_______________________________________________________________
b. things that are produced in order to be sold________________________________________
c. having or showing the knowledge, the ability________________________________________
d. wanted, wished for (when belonging to someone else) _______________________________
e. obtaining goods or a service by contract from an outside supplier_______________________
f. compressing (something) into small folds or ridges___________________________________
g. a person who is honoured with an award for
outstanding creative or intellectual achievement_____________________________________

3. Explain the following expressions as they occur in the text. (2 x 6p)

a. “(…) developing countries have closed the gap with their rich-world counterparts (…)” (l. 2)
b. “(…) multinationals in poor countries often employ skilled workers and pay high wages.”
(ll. 15-16)

4. Answer the following questions. (4 x 8p)

4.1 Has globalisation had the same impact in developing countries?
4.2 What’s the difference in working force between developed and developing countries?
4.3 How can outsourcing cause inequality among workers in developing countries?
4.4 Give a brief answer to the question in the title.

USE OF ENGLISH

1. Read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use only one word in
each gap. (9 x 3p)

The promise of a globalised world

a.____________ has always been trade between countries and societies, but never on a scale close
b.____________ today’s. A combination of reduced trade barriers, financial liberalisation and a
technological revolution have completely changed c.____________ nature of business in virtually all
the industrialised countries. More trade, more markets, more business, more information, more jobs,
5 more opportunities. d.____________ is the promise of a globalised world. The tide of globalisation
has already brought considerable wealth e.____________ areas of the world long accustomed to only
poverty, and even more wealth to areas that were doing quite well f.____________.
This whirlwind of economic activity g.____________ brought many benefits, and wealth, to many
people. There has been faster economic growth, higher living standards, accelerated innovation, and
10 new opportunities for h.____________ individuals and countries. Accompanied by a revolution in
information and technology, the world is very much a smaller and more integrated planet than ever
i.____________.
www.un.org
accessed in January 2015

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2. Use the word given in capitals at the end of the lines to form a word that fits in the gap in the
same line. (6 x 3p)
a. More and more people are ____________ to live without one or more credit cards. (able)

b. Globalisation has ____________ the economy of both developing and developed countries.
(strength)

c. There is a great demand for ____________ workers in developing countries. (skill)

d. The ____________ situation of developing countries is studied by Nobel laureates.

(economy)
e. It’s difficult to prove the ____________ of outsourcing for poor countries. (effective)

f. Some say it is ____________ instead of globalisation. (America)

3. For sentences a – c, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first
one, using the word given. Do not change the word given and use between two and five
words, including the word given. (3 x 5p)
a. Some people argue against the impact of globalisation on poor countries, but these countries
have benefited from it. (however)
Some people argue against the impact of globalisation _________________________ countries
have benefited from it.
b. In spite of living in developed countries, some engineers wouldn’t mind relocating to developing
countries because the perks are attractive. (although)
Some engineers live in developed countries _________________________ relocating to developing
countries because the perks are attractive.
c. Although working conditions can be very hard in developing countries, they offer interesting
perks. (in spite of)
Working conditions can be very hard in developing countries _________________________ perks.

WRITING

Write an argumentative text/a discussion presenting

the advantages and disadvantages that corporations
like Pepsi or McDonald’s have brought to developing
and developed countries considering the type of
workers they employ. (60p)

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 Correction Table – Test 6          

   
Year 12 Class__________ Date __/___/___    
Link up to you!

Reading Use of English Writing  

 
    1. 2. 3. 4. 1. 2. 3. 1.
Total
11X1 7X2 2X6 4X8 9X3 6X3 3X5 60
No. Name
22 14 12 32 27 18 15 60 200
1                    
2                    
3                    
4                    
5                    
6                    
7                    
8                    
9                    
10                    
11                    
12                    
13                    
14                    
15                    
16                    
17                    
18                    
19                    
20                    
21                    
22                    
23                    
24                    
25                    
26                    
27                    
28                    
29                    
30                    

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 Progress Test 7
Unit 4

Name No. Class Date

READING
1. You are going to read an article about the similarities between the counterculture of the 1960s
and today’s internet predominance. Seven sentences have been removed from the article.
Choose from the sentences A – H the one which fits each gap a – g. There is one extra sentence
which you do not need to use. (7 x 2p)
Wired to the counterculture
It’s hard not to be struck by the similarities between the cult of the internet and the vast
counterculture movement that developed as a mass phenomenon in the United States in the 1960s
and, in a variety of forms, in other Western countries. The counterculture was in fact a very broad
movement encompassing the “Beat Generation”, a.____________, the hippie movement and a host
5 of alternative movements.
The practices of this counterculture world involved “dropping out” from the world of ordinary
people, communal living, a deep desire for equality and a touch of libertarianism. There was a
Gandhian attachment to the culture of non-violence, closeness to nature and b.____________.
Society was to be a peaceful community based on love and altruism.
10 This idea of a new world has many similarities with the present movement developing around the
internet, which is also mobilising hundreds of thousands of young people – many of them looking for
a society which is more fraternal, more “communicative”, more peaceful.
The continuity is striking: c.____________ – a space in which you can leave the “ordinary world”
behind you. People who spend their time on the Net are in a sense the “drop-outs” of today. In the
15 1960s you “hit the road” to get a different, more spiritual sense of what life was about. Today you
surf the “information highways” of the Net.
This picture of the internet culture would not be complete without mentioning an important, if
secondary characteristic: d.____________ – of and for young people. It is a sort of permanent
revolution in which young people decide the direction that it will take.
20 The development of the internet is strongly dependent on the younger generations. Microsoft is
currently trying to negotiate its way into closer contact with the world of the Net, and it has no
hesitation e.____________. The company believes that young people will be more or less
permanently connected to the Web, and it has therefore hired two teenagers to explain to its middle-
aged executives their new philosophy of work and leisure.
25 It is within this youth culture that the glorification of speed has become a new creed:
f.____________. Speed is what frees us from our bodies and gives us a possibility of 24-hour access
to others.
Reading some of the articles and statements that have been appearing, you could be forgiven for
wondering what kind of space this “new world” will leave for old people – i.e. those over the age of
30 35. A study actually shows that there is a real issue about g.____________ due to the prevailing
“youthism” of that world.
http://mondediplo.com
accessed in January 2015

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 A. in recruiting very young people to help guide its strategy
B. the world of the internet is, in its own way, today’s counterculture
C. the values which it embraced gained social currency and influenced life styles
D. the exclusion of older people from the new world of information technologies
E. fast is good, and brings you closer to the world of the mind
F. the youth protest movement which later led to the big student revolts
G. the Internet cult is a cult of youth
H. a mysticism coloured by Eastern influences, particularly Buddhism

2. Explain the meaning of the following concepts. (4 x 5p)

a. counterculture (l. 2) _________________________
b. libertarianism (l. 7) _________________________
c. altruism (l. 9) _________________________
d. youthism (l. 31) _________________________

3. Answer the following questions about the text. (4 x 9p)

3.1 List the principles behind the counterculture movements of the 1960s.
3.2 Explain the comparison established by the author between the counterculture movements
and the role of the internet in the world today.
3.3 Identify and describe the link between the internet and young people today.
3.4 What’s the issue raised by the “youthism” of the internet? Do you agree that is a matter we
should be concerned about? Give reasons.

USE OF ENGLISH

1. For questions a – j, read the text below and decide which answer – 1, 2, 3 or 4 – best fits each gap.
(10 x 2p)

Hippies and the counterculture

The counterculture that developed during the 1960s was an alternative lifestyle chosen by
individuals who would eventually become a.____________ as hippies, freaks or long hairs. Hippies
were generally dissatisfied with the consensus culture that had developed b.____________ the
Second World War and wanted to distance themselves c.____________ American society (hence the
5 term counterculture). d.____________, members of the counterculture attempted to establish their
own towns, economy, political institutions and societal values.
Long hair, vibrant colours and e.____________ signs are typically the most associated
characteristics of the hippies and counterculture. f.____________, the lifestyle was dramatically
more interesting. Hippies tended to g.____________ living quarters or communes within bigger
10 cities. h.____________ areas were called hippie villages or districts. All of these locations witnessed
the construction of gardens, head shops, restaurants and music venues that i.____________ cheap
and alternative ways of living.
Members of the counterculture also believed in the notion of “free love” and the sexual
j.____________. Hippies promoted the ability to be with whomever you wish, whenever you wish.
15 Love was a way to combat the societal ills of gender inequality, racial discrimination and war.
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 accessed in January 2015

a. 1. named 2. recognised 3. known 4. famous

b. 1. on 2. during 3. before 4. after
c. 1. to 2. by 3. for 4. from
d. 1. Besides 2. As a result 3. However 4. Also
e. 1. traffic 2. light 3. good 4. peace
f. 1. However 2. Although 3. Despite 4. Besides
g. 1. set in 2. set up 3. set about 4. set off
h. 1. These 2. This 3. There 4. That
i. 1. give 2. prevented 3. lived 4. provided
j. 1. evolution 2. development 3. revolution 4. upheaval

2. Use impersonal pronouns to complete the text in a meaningful way. (5 x 2p)

Community living areas were the places where a.___________ could sense what
b.____________ really meant to be a hippie. c.____________ would be welcome by everyone.
d.____________ called these places hippie villages or districts. There, e.____________ could
expand on the hippie principles of freedom and love.

3. Write sentences in the present subjunctive preceded by a that sentence clause. (3 x 8p)
a. Society’s expectations: People should accept the dominant culture.
Society expects that_____________________________________________________________
b. Hippies’ recommendation: Love should be free.
Hippies_______________________________________________________________________
c. Studies suggestion: counterculture movements should be studied.
Studies_______________________________________________________________________

4. Read the sentences and choose what phrase people would use as a reaction to the sentences
given. (3 x 5p)
a. You tell your conservative father, 1. “Sure. Come what may!”
“Dad, I’ve decided to become a
hippie.”

b. You ask your long-time friend, “Will 2. “Suffice it to say, be careful.”

you stand by me if I decide to live in a
hippie commune?”

c. You tell your best friend, “I’m going 3. “What? Heaven forbid!”
on a blind date with my online friend
today.”

WRITING

Write an exposition text saying if you agree or disagree with the sentence below and accounting
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 for your opinion. (61p)
The vast counterculture movement that developed as a mass phenomenon in the United States in
the 1960s has many similarities with the present movement developing around the Internet.

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 Correction Table – Test 7          

   
Year 12 Class__________ Date __/___/___    
Link up to you!

Reading Use of English Writing  

 
    1. 2. 3. 1. 2. 3. 4. 1.
Total
7x2 4x5 4x9 10x2 5x2 3x8 3x5 61
No. Name
14 20 36 20 10 24 15 61 200
1                    
2                    
3                    
4                    
5                    
6                    
7                    
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9                    
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11                    
12                    
13                    
14                    
15                    
16                    
17                    
18                    
19                    
20                    
21                    
22                    
23                    
24                    
25                    
26                    
27                    
28                    
29                    
30                    

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 Progress Test 8
Unit 4

Name No. Class Date

READING
Read the following text.
Flower Power – An American 1960s Movement
When people think of America in the 1960s, they often have a romanticised idea of a decade
of great music, liberal idealism and Flower Power. Let’s look at some of the unique
characteristics of those times.
The artists developed on the styles of the fifties but there was a more contemporary feel to their
5 work. Pop art, minimalism, abstract art, assemblage art, and environmental art gained popularity
during this period. The art displays the positive attitude of the artists, reflecting the affluence and
technology of the period. A lot of futuristic design was introduced in architecture. With the
modernist trend, tall buildings dotted the skyline and designs tended towards streamlined
contemporary. There was a predominant use of light and space.
10 Initially, fashion was conservative, following along the lines of the fifties. Soon, the huge number of
teenagers dominated and created their own fashion. Men had crew cuts and women sported bouffant hair
styles. Women wore knee length dresses, though by the mid-sixties hot pants and miniskirts had become
the rage. Women had short hair and men started growing their hair and moustaches. From casual plaid
shirts, men started wearing bright colours, turtlenecks, wide ties, double breasted jackets, and pants suits
15 in polyester. Bell bottoms, batik prints, fancy t-shirts, and love beads were worn by both sexes.
Civil rights was one of the major issues being championed in the sixties. The feminist movement
gathered momentum, fighting for equal rights. An eco-drive was started to reduce pollution and
preserve nature. The Peace Corps were formed to improve living standards in third world countries,
promoting peace and anti-war messages to all countries. Social movements were on an increase
20 during the sixties. There was constant competition between the Russians and the Americans with
regard to outer space research throughout the decade. The computer was also invented in the sixties.
The start of the sixties saw the return of Elvis Presley along with a few other popular singers. The
Beatles from England also became very popular in the United States. It was really the golden age of
rock music as artists like Jimi Hendrix, Janis Joplin, Bob Dylan, or the Rolling Stones, produced
25 music which defined the era.
The sixties were the era of musicals with many hit musicals like Hello Dolly, Hair, Funny Girl,
Camelot, and others. The more popular of the musicals were made into movies like My Fair Lady
and The Sound of Music. Movies moved towards the unconventional and James Bond movies were
in great demand. Radio was the main source of music and there was an introduction of the FM
30 frequency in addition to AM. Television series were becoming popular with I Dream of Jeannie, The
Flintstones, The Beverly Hillbillies, Bewitched and The Lucy Show.
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1. Give a title to each paragraph according to the ideas expressed. You should use between four
to six words. (4 x 2p)
Paragraph 1 __________________________ Paragraph 3 ____________________________
Paragraph 2 __________________________ Paragraph 4 ____________________________

2. Choose the correct option to complete the sentences. (5 x 4p)

2.1 The 1960s’ artists developed a style that
a. was not as contemporary as that of the 1950s.
b. was influenced by the previous decade
c. was not very well accepted.

2.2 The architecture in the 1960s developed

a. around modern concepts of art.
b. towards a conventional design.
c. advanced technological living devices.

2.3 As far as 1960s fashion is concerned,

a. it didn’t break many traditions.
b. skirts became shorter by the end of the decade.
c. both men and women started growing their hair.

2.4 The music of the 1960s is still seen as

a. the demise of rock ’n’ roll.
b. the definition of a whole generation.
c. the Beatles’ popularity in Europe.

2.5 As regards cinema at the time, we can say that

a. a lot of movies were adapted from popular musicals.
b. James Bond movies were too conventional.
c. movies were the major source of music.

3. Explain the meaning of the sentences as they appear in the text. (4 x 10p)
a. “(…) had become the rage.” (ll. 12-13)
b. “(…) one of the major issues being championed (…)” (l. 16)
c. “The feminist movement gathered momentum (…)” (ll. 16-17)
d. “It was really the golden age of rock music (…)” (ll. 23-24)

USE OF ENGLISH
1. Match the words on the left to the words on the right to build compound words. (8 x 2p)

sun moon home along shore end light bank

sea river week fort flower night made side

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 2. Read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap.
Use only one word in each gap. (8 x 4p)

The Beats
So, how a.____________ the counterculture begin? Unlike the New Left, the origins of the
counterculture had deeper roots in American society. The movement b.____________ was
recognised in c.____________ 1960s as the counterculture was known a decade earlier as the Beat
Generation or Beats. Dissatisfied d.____________ American society, the Beats alienated themselves
5 into a small underground movement. These individuals rejected American standards, introduced new
concepts of societal norms, shunned materialism and spawned a new drug culture. Prominent leaders
e.____________ Jack Kerouac, Allen Ginsberg and Lucien Carr. The Beats generally maintained a
low-profile and attempted to stay f.____________ from the burgeoning political issues of the decade.
Yet, the Beat Generation would ultimately transform into the counterculture. The Beats struggled to
10 maintain their inconspicuousness, especially g.____________ more and more members of the Beat
Generation began to tackle political issues. By 1960, the transformation was complete. In the place
of the Beat Generation arose a counterculture that held the h.____________ ideals but promoted
vibrant coloured clothing, long hair, folk music and the participation in politics – all while being
known as hippies.
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accessed in January 2015

3. For sentences a – e, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first
one, using the word given. Do not change the word given and use between three and four
words, including the word given. (5 x 5p)
a. How about watching the film Selma tonight? (like)
Would _____________________________ the film Selma tonight?
b. Elvis Presley died of an overdose of prescription drugs. (caused)
Elvis Presley’s _____________________________ an overdose of prescription drugs.
c. Joe Cocker was a much better singer than most of today’s artists. (sang)
Joe Cocker _____________________________ most of today’s artists.
d. Both the Civil Rights and the Feminist movements are impossible to ignore. (possibly)
We _____________________________ both the Civil Rights and the Feminist movements.
e. The Beats used poetry to show their dissatisfaction with society. (for)
Poetry _____________________________ the Beats’ dissatisfaction with society.

WRITING

Imagine that you were living in 1969. You and a group of hippie friends decided to head to the
Woodstock Festival. Every road was crowded and after lots of setbacks you were able to arrive at
the venue the day after. Write a narrative text (include complicating events and resolutions).
(59p)

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 Correction Table – Test 8        

   
Year 12 Class__________ Date __/___/___  
Link up to you!

Reading Use of English Writing  

 
    1. 2. 3. 1. 2. 3. 1.
Total
4X2 5X4 4x10 8X2 8X4 5X5 59
No. Name
8 20 40 16 32 25 59 200
1                  
2                  
3                  
4                  
5                  
6                  
7                  
8                  
9                  
10                  
11                  
12                  
13                  
14                  
15                  
16                  
17                  
18                  
19                  
20                  
21                  
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23                  
24                  
25                  
26                  
27                  
28                  
29                  
30                  

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 Answer
UNIT 1 key
Use of English
Test 1 1. a. in b. their c. as d. with e. from f. other g. because h. its.
2. a. pretty, women, busy b. break, jail, pale c. fly, die, minor
Reading d. sad, leopard, leisure.
1. a. C b. G c. E d. H e. A f. D g. F. 3. a. was studying English in London b. had been refused a job
2. a. to have the same tools or resources so that they have the c. is one of them d. that the Hispanic population reaches.
same opportunities to communicate among themselves b. a
language cannot exist unrelated to the people that speak it. Writing
3. a. reach (l. 20) b. reasonably (l. 22) c. mainly (l. 24) d. legacy Personal answer.
(l. 26) e. institutionalised (l. 27) f. supremacy (l. 29).
4.1 By the number of its native and second language speakers, UNIT 2
its geographical distribution, and its use in international
organisations and diplomatic relations. Test 3
4.2 The powerful leadership of the Roman military and the
ecclesiastical power of the Roman Catholic Church. Reading
4.3 The intrinsic structural qualities of a language, the size of 1. a. F b. E c. D d. C e. B f. A g. G.
its vocabulary, the quality of its literature throughout history 2. a. passed away (ll. 1-2) b. segregation (l. 6) c. target (l. 13)
and its association with great cultures or religions. d. figure (l. 17) e. cement (l. 20) f. tenure (l. 22).
4.4 Personal answer. 3. a. tribal name b. white minority c. ascended to the country’s
4.5 The British empire was spread throughout the world. They top post d. global stature.
were politically and economically powerful and their language 4.
became the language of institutions in their colonies, and a. How old was Mandela when he died?
although they have left, the language has remained until today. b. What did he achieve in South Africa?
4.6 The USA is the dominant country culturally (through music, c. Why was he sent to prison?
films and television), economically, commercially and d. What put his name in the History of humankind?
technologically. Only by speaking their language do people in the
world get access to all the areas that are crucial today in order to Use of English
succeed (markets, businesses, scientific resources, tourism, etc.). 1. a. he b. for c. while d. not e. but f. By g. also h. both.
2. a. brought up b. set out c. brought about d. brought it off.
Use of English 3. a. forward to seeing b. want to have c. to struggle for d. kept
1. a. 2 b. 1 c. 2 d. 4 e. 4 f. 2 g. 3 h. 1 i. 1 j. 3. fighting for his.
2. a. came b. were spoken c. was brought d. invaded 4.
e. conquered f. took g. was considered h. had split i. had a. (…) did the reporter want to criticise Mandela’s action in South
changed j. had been spoken k. came. Africa.
3. a. is said to be b. is being threatened by c. a proven b. (…) did Mandela seek revenge.
companion of his d. a favourite language of Claire’s/hers. c. (…) did a President get married at the age of 80.
d. (…) do politicians have the courage to dedicate their entire
Writing lives to a single cause.
Personal answer.
Writing
Personal answer.
Test 2
Reading Test 4
1.1 b 1.2 a 1.3 b 1.4 c 1.5 b 1.6 a.
2. a. unassailable (l. 1) b. assured (l. 2) c. drives (l. 5) d. Reading
intelligibility (l. 5) e. pragmatic (l. 8) f. backlash (l. 9) g. 1. Because qualified professionals are emigrating and do not
resentment (l. 16). return.
3. 2. a. brain drain (title) b. cut-offs (l. 7) c. scope (l. 10) d. host
a. Using the English language, which was the language of the (l. 15) e. fail (l. 18) f. bond (l. 28) g. curb (l. 31).
people who subjugated them, would be as if they continued to 3. a. (…) they are looking for the good students from other
be dominated by the British Empire. countries. b. (…) documents which certify that they have no
b. the fact that most countries choose the English language as obligation to return. c. (…) they are doing their best.
a language of communication may change, and they may turn 4. 1 c 4.2. a 4.3 b 4.4 c.
to other languages for that purpose
c. the country would see the use of the English language become Use of English
less and less usual 1. a. back b. apart c. back d. against e. up.

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2. a. skilled b. Western c. destinations d. highly e. seasonal workers to pay them low salaries.
f. residents g. advantages. 4. Suggestions:
3. a. to look b. Being c. to stop d. feeling e. creating f. to have. 4.1 No, in some it has been an advantage whereas in others it
4. a. before have immigration levels been b. got a job in c. do hasn’t. In some developing countries it has made them closer
we know about their d. for a moment do some e. did those to others but it has created situations of inequality in others.
students hear. 4.2 In developed countries there is a demand for skilled
workers and in developing countries there is a demand for
Writing unskilled workers.
Personal answer. 4.3 Outsourcing may raise the salaries of skilled workers
because their higher productivity allows them to ask for higher
wages. On the other hand, unskilled workers don’t have these
UNIT 3 opportunities and remain in poverty.
4.4 Personal answer.

Test 5 Use of English

1. a. There b. to c. the d. This e. to f. already g. has h. both
Reading i. before.
1. a. D b. E c. B d. C. 2. a. unable b. strengthened c. skilled d. economic e.
2. a. the reader’s b. Erasmus c. relations, skills and personality effectiveness f. Americanisation.
improvement d. everyone's. 3. a. on poor countries. However, these b. although they
3. a. preconceptions (l. 15) b. lectures (l. 19) c. hurdles (l. 31) wouldn’t mind c. in spite of including interesting
d. consciousness (l. 32)
4. a. They live in different countries which he can visit any time Writing
he wants. b. An unconventional or different way with regard to Personal answer.
business practices.
5. Suggestions: UNIT 4
5.1 Because some people told him that he would have
problems with the recognition of his exams.
Test 7
5.2 Yes, he met people from different countries with whom he
Reading
still maintains contact.
1. a. F b. H c. B d. G e. A f. E g. D.
5.3 Besides having a broader perspective of the world through
2.
other cultures, he may visit them in the future.
a. A way of life and set of ideas that are opposed to those
5.4 Yes. He has started collaborative work with some people
accepted by most of society.
which might be useful in his future career.
b. A movement that strongly believes that people should have
the freedom to do and think as they like.
Use of English
c. The ability to care about the needs and happiness of other
1. a. at b. foreign c. from d. such e. zone f. at g. to h. well.
people more than your own.
2. a. will have done b. will have finished c. will have concluded
d. Young people considered as a group.
d. will have returned e. will have written.
3.1 Unattachment to the ordinary world, communal living,
3. a. will leave b. is going to be c. are going to meet d. will visit
equality, libertarianism, non-violence, closeness to nature,
e. is going to send.
mysticism, love and altruism.
4. a. wonder if Erasmus students are b. advised me to write
3.2 Both movements mobilise hundreds of thousands of young
my c. told me not to forget to read d. happen to know which
people, who look for a more fraternal, “communicative” and
countries e. none of the students knew.
peaceful society by living in a world of their own, “out” of
society. In the 1950s, people “hit the road” to find out the
Writing
meaning of life. Today people surf the “information highways”
Personal answer.
for the same purpose. The internet culture is also similar to
the counterculture because it is a movement of and for young
people.
Test 6 3.3 There is a relation of dependence. The internet is said to
develop the way young people push it to go.
Reading 3.4 The issue is the place of older people in this internet
1. a. equal b. rosy c. falls d. labour e. services f. wage g. shift society ruled by young people.
h. paid i. company j. productivity k. growth.
2. a. gap (l. 2) b. goods (l. 6) c. skilled (l. 7) d. coveted (l. 10) Use of English
e. outsourcing (l. 14) f. crimping (l. 22) g. laureate (l. 25). 1. a. 3 b. 4 c. 4 d. 2 e. 4 f. 1 g. 2 h. 1 i. 4 j. 3.
3. 2. a. one b. it c. You d. They e. you.
a. With globalisation, poor countries came closer to the rich 3. a. (…) people accept the dominant culture. b. (…)
ones, having the same opportunities to develop their recommend that love be free. c. (…) suggest that
economy. counterculture movements be studied.
b. Usually people think that big multinationals shift their 4. a. 3 b. 1 c. 2.
production to poor countries because they look for unskilled Writing
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Personal answer. music saw its most successful time.
Test 8
Use of English
Reading 1. sunflower; moonlight; homemade; alongside; seashore;
1. Suggestions: 1. Contemporary art and architecture 2. From riverbank; weekend; fortnight.
conservative to bold 3. Social movements on the rise 4. The 2. a. did b. that c. the d. with e. included f. away g. when
popularity of the big screen. h. same.
2.1 b 2.2 a 2.3 b 2.4 b 2.5 a. 3. a. you like to see b. death was caused by c. sang better than
3. a. It was the most fashionable thing. b. It was one of the d. can’t possibly ignore e. was used for showing
problems people most fought for/defended. c. The movement
defending the rights of women was set in full motion. d. Rock Writing
Personal answer

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