Vidyamandir Classes

AC Circuits
Level - 0 CBSE Pattern

VSA: Very Short Answer Type (1 mark)

1. E 0  peak value of emf
E0
(i) rms value [Erms ]  (ii) average value [E av ]  zero
2
 
2. V  V0 sin t ; I  I 0 sin  t  
 2

3. Capacitive reactance is the resistance offered by a capacitor to flow of ac through it. It is denoted by X C .
Mathematically,
1
XC 
2vC
Where v = frequency of ac source ; C = capacitance of the capacitor.
Ohm () is the SI unit of capacitive reactance.
4. In case (i) reactive element is capacitor and in case (ii) reactive element is inductor.
5. Characteristic properties :
(i) Low coercivity/Low retentivity. (ii) Low hysteresis loss

SA-I: Short Answer Type - I (2 marks)

6. A transformer is based on principle of mutual induction which states that due to continuous change in
the current in the primary coil, an emf gets induced across the secondary coil.
Electric power generated at the power station, is stepped up to very high voltages by means of a step-up
transformer and transmitted to a distant place. At receiving end, it is stepped down by a step down
transformer.
V V
7. (i) 2v  314 rad s 1  v  50 Hz (ii) irms  rms where Vrms 
R 2
140
  1.98 A  2 A
2  50
8. Let us consider a capacitor C connected to an ac source as shown in the figure.
Let the ac voltage applied be
q
V  V0 sin t …..(i)  V  or q  CV
C
dq d
I  ; I  (CV0 sin t )  CV0 cos t  I 0 cos t
dt dt
 
I  I 0 sin  t   ……(ii)
 2
V
Where, I 0  CV0  0  current amplitude.
1

Physics | AC Circuits 46 Workbook - 5 | Solutions

 Vidyamandir Classes


Hence the current leads the voltage in phase by
2
1 1
9. When AC source is connected, the capacitor offers capacitive reactance X C   .
C 2 vC
The current flows in the circuit and the lamp glows.
(i) On reducing capacitance C, X C increases so current in the circuit reduces. Therefore, the
brightness of the bulb reduces.
(ii) On reducing frequency v, X C increases so current in the circuit reduces. Therefore, the
brightness of the bulb reduces.
10. For the RC circuit,
Impedance, Z  R 2  (1/ C )2

Current, I  0
Z
Case I : When a dielectric slab is introduced between the plates of the capacitor, then its capacitance
increase. Hence, from equation (i), impedance of the circuit is decreased and the current through it is
increased. So, brightness of the bulb will increase.
Case II : The resistance R is increased and capacitance is same. Hence, from equation (i), impedance of
the circuit is increased and the current flowing through it is decreased. So, brightness of the bulb will
decrease.
1 L 1 2
11. We have Q    100
R C 10 2  10 6
It signifies the sharpness of resonance.
V2 (220)2 220  220
12. (i) P  ; 100  R   484 
R R 100
V P 220 100
(ii) irms  rms or  or  0.45 A
R Vrms 484 220
SA-II: Short Answer Type - II (3 marks)
13. (i) As Pav  Vrms Irms cos 

In ideal inductor, current I rms lags behind applied voltage Vrms by
2
 
  so, Pav  Vrms I rms cos Or Pav  Vrms Irms  0. Or Pav  0.
2 2
(ii) Brightness of the lamp decreases. It is because when iron rod is inserted inside the inductor, its
inductance I increases, thereby increasing its inductive reactance X L and hence impedance Z of
V
the circuit. As I rms  rms , so, this decreases the current I rms in the circuit and hence the
Z
brightness of lamp.
14. The instantaneous ac potential difference across the ends of
an inductor of inductance is
V  V0 sin  t …..(i)
If I is the instantaneous current through L at instant,
dI dI
V L or V0 sin t  L
dt dt
V
Or dI  0 sin t dt
L
Integrating both sides,
t t
V0 V0   cos t  V0 V  
cos t or I  0 sin  t  
I 
L  sin t dt  L   
0
Or I 
L L  2
…..(ii)
0
  V0
I  I 0 sin  t   ; Where, I  is the amplitude of the current.
 2 L

Physics | AC Circuits 47 Workbook - 5 | Solutions

Vidyamandir Classes

V0
(i) The quantity L in I  is analogous to the resistance and is called inductive reactance
L
denoted by X L . ; X L  L  2 vL
(ii) From equations (i) and (ii), it is clear that, in an ac circuit containing inductance, current lags

voltage by .
2

15. Inductive reactance, X L  L

Impedance of the circuit, Z  X2 2

L R  2L2  R 2

(i) When the number of turns in a inductor coil decreases then its inductance L decreases. So, the
net impedance of the circuit decreases and current through the bulb (circuit) increases.
Hence brightness ( I 2 R ) of bulb increase.
(ii) When an iron rod is inserted in the inductor, then its inductance L increases. So, Z will increase
and current through the bulb will decrease.
Hence, brightness of the bulb will decrease.
(iii) A capacitor is connected in the series in the circuit, so its impedance,
2
Z  XL  XC   R2 ; Z  R ( X L  X C )
This is the case of resonance so maximum current will flow through the circuit. Hence brightness
of the bulb will increase.

16. Here, V  V0 sin(1000t  )

On comparing with V  V0 sin( t  ) ;   1000 rad s 1
1 1 1
X L   L  1000  100  10 3  100  ; XC     500 
C 100  2  10 6 2  10 3
X  XL 500  100 400  400  
R  400  ; tan   C   ;   tan 1  1
  tan (1)  45
R 400 400  400 
17. Figure shows the variation of im with  in a LCR series circuit for two values of resistance R1 and
R 2 ( R1  R2 ),

1 1
The condition for resonance in the LCR circuit is, X L  X C  0 L   0 
0C LC
We see that the current amplitude is maximum at the resonant frequency. Since im  Vm / R at
resonance, the current amplitude for case R 2 is sharper to that for case R1.

Physics | AC Circuits 48 Workbook - 5 | Solutions

 Vidyamandir Classes

Quality factor or simply the Q-factor of a resonant LCR circuit is defined as the ratio of voltage drop
across the resistance at resonance.
VL L 1 L
Q   ; Thus finally, Q 
VR R R C
The Q factor determines the sharpness at resonance as for higher value of Q factor the tuning of the
circuit and its sensitivity to accept resonating frequency signals will be much higher.

18. Here, L  10.0 H ,C  40 F  40  10 6 F ; R  60 , Vrms  240 V

(i) At resonance the angular frequency of the source is
1 1 1
r     50 rad s 1
LC 2
(10.0)(40  10 6 ) 2  10
(ii) At resonating frequency
Impedance, Z = R  X L XC 
V V 240 V
The rms current at resonance  Irms  rms  rms   4A
Z R 60 
(iii) The inductive reactance is X L  r L  50  10.0  500 
The rms potential drop across inductor at resonance,
(Vrms )L  I rms  X L  (4 A ) (500 )  2000 V
1 1 1
19. (i) Reactance, X C     26.5 
2 fC 2  3.14  60  10 4 .03768
(ii) Impedance, Z  R2  XC
2
 402  26.52
 1600  702.25  2302.25  47.98  48 
V0 2Veff 1.414  100
(iii) Veff  100 V ; I0     2.95 A.
Z Z 48
1
20. (i) Here, L  80 mH ,C  250mF ,   100 rad / sec, Vrms  240 V ; Reaction  L 
C
1 1
 100  80  10 3   8  7.96
100  250  10 3 25
Vrms 240
I rms    30.15 A
Re ac tan ce 7.96
(ii) The total average power consumed by circuit is zero.
21. The rate at which electrical energy is consumed in an electric circuit is called its power.
Suppose in an ac circuit, voltage and current are having a phase difference .
V  V0 sin  t
I  I 0 sin(t  )
Work done by source of emf in a small time dt with negligible change in current.
dW  VI dt ; dW  V0 I 0 sin t sin(t  )dt
where sin ( t  )  sin t cos   cos t sin 
 1  cos 2t  sin 2t 
dW  V0 I 0 [sin2  t cos   sin t cos t sin ] dt ; dW  V0 I 0   cos   sin  dt
 2  2 
Now total work done in a complete cycle
V I  T T T 
W  0 0 
2  0 
cos dt  cos 
0 
cos 2t dt  sin 
0 
sin 2t dt 

T T V0 I 0 T V I
cos dt  0 0 cos T
We can solve
0 cos 2 t dt  0 sin 2 t dt  0 ; W 
2  0 2 2
Thus power consumed over a cycle,
W
P   Vrms Irms cos 
T

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(i) Minimum power : In an ac circuit containing pure L only current I lags behind the applied voltage

V by phase angle . So average power consumed by pure inductor ‘L’ in complete cycle of ac is
2
then given by

P  Vrms I rms cos  0
2
(ii) Maximum power : In ac circuit containing R only both applied voltage V and current I are in
same phase, so average power consumed by resistor R in complete cycle of a.c. is then given by
or P  Vrms Irms cos 0  Vrms I rms
V2
P  rms
R
T

22. (i) Average power in one cycle, P 

W
 0
Vidt

where current and voltage are in same phase
t T
dt
0
across resistance R.
If i  im sin  t then V  Vm sin t
T
2
Hence, P 
Vm im
0 sin tdt
T
0 dt
V i T  1  cos 2T  V i  T T 
P  mm P  m m  dt 
T

0  2
 dt

;
2T  0 
0 
cos 2 t dt 

V i V i V i 2mR
P  m m [T  0]  m m ; Also, im  m ; So, P 
2T 2 R 2
(ii) Bulb is rated at 100 W, 220 V ac supply.
V2 V 2 220  220
P  ; Hence, R    484 
R P 100
23. In a circuit containing capacitor C, current leads the voltage by a phase angle of  / 2
 E  E0 sin t then I  I 0 sin(t   / 2)  I  I 0 cos t
Work done in one complete cycle is
T T T T
sin 2t
W 
 E I dt 
 ( E 0 sin t )( I 0 cos t ) dt ;

 E0 I 0 sin t cos t dt  E 0 I 0
 2
dt
0 0 0 0
 2 
T cos 2. .T
E0 I 0  cos 2t  E 0 I 0  cos 2t cos 0  E 0I 0  T 1  E 0 I 0  cos 4  1 
   2    2  2  2  ;      
2 0 2  2 2  2  2 2 
 
E 0I 0  1 1  W 0
   0 [ cos 4   1]  Average power   0
2  2 2  T T
Hence, average power supplied to an ideal capacitor by the source over a complete cycle of ac is zero.
24. Here L  10 mH  10  10 3  10 2 H
 400  400 6 4 4
C   F  2  10 F  2  10 F ; R  55 
 2   
(i) The average power absorbed by the circuit is maximum at resonance.
1 1
 X L  XC ; 2 v0 L  ; 4 2v 02LC  1 ; v02 
2v0C 4 2 LC
1 1 1 103 1000
 v0   ;     250 Hz
2  LC 2 4 4
2  10 2 

 10 4 2    10 3
2 

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(ii) Maximum current amplitude is,

Vm V 2 220 2
 rms
im   4 2A
R R 55
LA: Long Answer Type (5 marks)
25. (i) Here device X is a capacitor.
1 1
Capacitive reactance, X C  
C 2C

(ii) (iii)

(iv)

26. (i) Device X is capacitor.

(ii) B  Voltage (Because it is sine wave)
C  Current (Because current leads voltage by/2)
A  Power (Average power over one cycle is zero)
1 1
(iii) XC  
C 2 fC

(iv) V  V0 sin t
q dq d
C  ; i   CV0 sin t 
V dt dt
 CV0 cos t
V0 V0    
 cos t ; i  sin  t   Or i  i 0 sin  t  
1 XC  2  2
C

In pure capacitive circuit current leads voltage by .
2
27. (i) ac source, V  V0 sin t
Voltage across resistor of resistance R , VR  IR
Voltage across inductor of inductance L , V L  IX L
Voltage across capacitor of capacitance C, VC  IX C

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Using Pythagorean theorem.

V 2  VR2  (VL  VC )2
V 2  I 2R 2  I 2 ( X L  X C )2
V0 V0
V 2  I 2[ R 2  ( X L  X C )2 ]  I 0  

R  ( X L  XC ) 2 Z

Where, Z  2 2 is called its impedance. Using impedance triangle the phase

R  ( X L  XC )
X L  XC
angle can be given as tan  
R
4 1
(ii) L  H ,v  50 Hz, R  100 ,V  200 V  X L  X C or L 
2 C
1 1 1 1 1
C       2.5  10 5 F  25 F
2L 4 2v 2  L 2
4   50  50 
4 2500  16 40000
2
V V 200
I     2A
Z R 100

Level - 1 JEE Main Pattern

1.(D) Time for reaching maximum or peak value from 0

T 1 1 1
   s s  5  10 3 s ; I 0  10 2 A  14.14 A
4 4 50 200
1
2.(B) Given that E 0  V , t  s  E  E 0 cos 2ft
600
 1 
 10 cos 2   50 
 600
  10 cos   / 6  10 3 / 2  5 3V

 
3.(A) Since the capacitor is connected in series to the resistor, current I C from the supply and I R through the
resistor is in phase as represented by choice (A)
4.(B) E  E 0 sin t
Voltage read is rms value.  E 0  2  234 V  331V and t  2 ft  2  50  t  100 t
Thus, the equation of the line voltage is given by E  331sin 100 t 
5.(C) Phase difference is zero.
1 1 1
6.(B) XC   or X C  i.e., X C versus f graph is a rectangular hyperbola.
C 2 f C f

7.(C) XC 
1

1
 104  ; I rms 
Vrms

 200 2  / 2
 0.02 A  20 mA
C 100  10 6 XC 10 4
1 1 2
8.(A) XC  X L  L  0L   0 LC  1 … (i)
C ' 0C
1 XL
X L  20 L ; XC    42
0 LC  4
20C XC
V 220 220
9.(B) I r .m .s  r .m .s    23.35 A  23.4 A
XL 3 3
2   50  30  10
di
10.(C) Since both i and are sine or cosine function
dt
di
The average value of I and over a cycle will be zero.
dt

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 Vidyamandir Classes

V V 100
11.(D) For DC source ; I  R  100 
R I 1
V 100 1
For AC source ; I   A  X L2  3 10 4
Z R 2
 X L2 2

XL 3  102
Z  R 2  X L2  200 , L    0.55 H 12.(B) Ev  1202  1602  200V
 2   50
13.(C) Cleary, X L  R or L  2  3.14  1000  100
100
or L  H  15.9  10 3 H  15.9 mH  16mH
2  3.14  1000
14.(B) Here inductance and resistance are connected in series. We
know that in case of resistance, both current and potential
difference are in the same phase. In inductor, voltage leads
current /2 .

1 1 1 105 
15.(B)  f    25 KHz
LC 2 10 2  2
 4  10 11
2
1  1 
16.(C) The circuit will have inductive nature if    L  
LC  LC 
Hence (a) is false. Also, If circuit has inductive nature the current will lag behind voltage. Hence (d) is
also false.
1  1 
If    L   the circuit will have resistance nature. Hence (b) is false.
LC  C 
R 1
Power factor, cos    1; If L  . Hence (c) is true.
2 C
 1 
R 2   L  
 C 

17.(A) Here, VL  VC . They are in opposite phase. Hence, they will cancel each other. Now the resultant
potential difference is equal to the applied potential difference = 100 V
V V 100
Z = R ( X L  X C )  I rms  rms  rms   2A
Z R 50
18.(C) According to the given question,
L 1/ C
tan 60 
R
and tan 60 
R
 L  1/ C (case of resonance)  
2
 1  Erms 200 V
Now Z  R 2   L    100  I rms    2A
 C  Z 100 
 
19.(B) Here R  X L  X C (  Voltage across them is same)
When capacitor is short circuited,
10 10
I   Potential drop across inductance = IX L  IR 10 / 2V
1/2 2R
2

R  XL 2

20.(B) For given circuit, current is lagging the voltage by  / 2 , so circuit is purely inductive and there is no
power consumption in the circuit. The work done by battery is stored as magnetic energy in the inductor.
R 11 1 1
21.(A) Power Vrms Irms cos  ; cos      Power   Vrms  I rms
Z 22 2 2
2
1 Vrms 1 110 110
 Power   ;    275 W
2 Z 2 22
Physics | AC Circuits 53 Workbook - 5 | Solutions
Vidyamandir Classes

2 V V 2 R
22.(B) PR  I rms R ; I rms  rms
PR  rms 
Z Z2
As a capacitor is included in series, Z increases.  PR decreases
I0
23.(B) Root mean square current of the sinusoidal waveform, I 
2
2
 I  I 2R
Power output of the heater, P  I 2R   0  R  0
 2 2
 
24.(A) In an ac circuit, a pure inductor does not consume any power. Therefore, power is consumed by the
resistor only.
 P  I v2 R or 108 = (3) or R  12
R
25.(D) Power factor  cos   ; Z  R 2  ( X C  X L )2
Z
Since voltage lags behind the current, X C  X L
 In case of increasing R,cos  increases as cos   R and in case of L.R decreases
 cos  increases 26.(A) Concept based
R 30 30
27.(D) cos      0.6
Z 2
(30)  (40)2 50

Ns
28.(C)  1.25 (step up, so N s  N p )
Np

Ns Vs ip N 
  ; i s  40 A ; ip   s   i  1.25  40 ; i p  50 A
Np Vp is N  s
 p 
2 2
N   20 
29.(A) The equivalent primary load is R1   1  R 2     6.0   2400 
N   1 
 2  
240 240
Current in the primary coil    0.1 A
R1 2400

1500
30.(B) p  0  4t  net flux in all coils ; s  (0  4t )  net flux in all coils
50
d s d p
Vp  4 ; Vs 
 4  30  120V
dt dt
31.(100) If Vm is the amplitude of the voltage source, then
1 Vm
I rms 
2 Z
2
 1 
But, Z  R2    ωL   50 2   
Vm  2 Irms Z  100 V 
 ωC 
 
32.(160) The current in the circuit is in phase with the voltage when the angular frequency is equal to the
1
resonant angular frequency ω 0  .
LC

Physics | AC Circuits 54 Workbook - 5 | Solutions

 Vidyamandir Classes

ω0 1 8  1
Therefore, the required frequency, f0      160 Hz
2  25 
2π

10 2 10 4  
V 2R 20 2 3  
33.(80) Rate of power dissipation, Pav    48 W
2  2
2Z


2  32   400 10 2

    

 
 
1
34.(45) Reactance of a capacitor is X C  ; So, reactance at frequency 400 Hz will be 15 3  .
ωC
XC 15 3
Now, if the phase angle is  , then tan    R   45 
R 
tan  / 6 
35.(360) RMS value of the potential difference across the inductor coil,
X 
VL rms  Vrms  ZL 
 
And, RMS value of the potential difference across the capacitor,
 XC  VL rms XL ω L  ω2
VC rms  Vrms   So,    ω 2 LC 
 VC rms XC  1  2
 Z   
ω0
 ωC 
Here, 0 is the resonant angular frequency.

VL rms 25 6 6
But, we are given that   ω0  ω  f0  f  360 Hz
VC rms 36 5 5

At the resonant frequency f 0 , the rms potential difference across the inductor is equal to the rms
potential difference across the capacitor.
R 120 4
36.(0.8) Power factor, cos    
Z 2 5
 
 1 
1202  
 1000  10 5
 1000  10 2
    

 
R R 3k 1
37.(0.5) Power factor, cos     cos   
Z 2 2 2 2
R2  XC  X L
   3k  
 4k  k 
38.(1000) The power factor is maximum at resonance. Therefore, the required angular frequency,
1
ω0   1000 H z
2  10 6 0.5  
1
39.(400) We know that the resonant angular frequency ω 0 
LC
Therefore, 2 (This will be useful below)
1 / C  Lω 0
π
If at angular frequency ω1 , the current leads the voltage by phase angle , then
3
1
 ω1L 2
ω 1C π  L  ω 0 
 tan    ω1   3  … (1)
R 3 R  ω1 
   
π
Also, if at angular frequency ω 2 , the voltage leads the current by phase angle , then
3

Physics | AC Circuits 55 Workbook - 5 | Solutions

Vidyamandir Classes

1
ω 2L 
ω 2C π  L  ω2 
 tan   ω2  0   3  … (2)
R 3 R ω2 
   
Dividing equation (2) by equation (1), and replacing ω1  100 rad/s , we get
 2 
ω  ω 0 
 2 ω 
 2  1  ω 2  400 rad/s
300
40.(15) Average power, 2
Pav  I rms R
R
Power factor, cos  
Z
Pav 24
Combining the two relations, we get Z    15 
2
I rms cos  2
2 0.4    
XL ωL ω2
41.(75) At an angular frequency ω ,   ω 2 LC 
XC  1  2
ω0
 
 ωC 
ω0 XC 1 ω f
So,    ω0   f0   75 Hz
ω XL 4 4 4

V 2R
42.(225) We know that average power, Pav 
2Z 2
This average power reaches a maximum when the circuit is operating at its resonance frequency
V2
At resonance, Z R   Pav max  2R
2
V 2R R 2
At any other frequency, Pav  
 Pav max  Z   Pav max  cos  
2Z 2  

We are given that  Pav max  300 W and 
6
,

2
2  3
Therefore, Pav  Pav  max cos  
 300  
  225 W
 2 
 
1 L 1 5
43.(5) Quality factor, Q  5
2
R C 10 2  10 5
44.(2) We know that in general,

 
A sin t  B cos t    A 2  B 2 sin t    
B     
where   tan 1   ;   1  2  200 sin  300t    V ; i max  2 A
A   3   R
  
V 2R V 2R V2
45.(80) Average power, Pav  ; So, P0  
2Z 2 2R 2 2R
Now, after the coil is connected, let the impedance be Z
P0 V 2R
Then, 
2 2Z 2
2 R 20
Solving, we get Z R 2  R 2   L   2 R 2  L    80 mH
 250

Physics | AC Circuits 56 Workbook - 5 | Solutions

 Vidyamandir Classes

Level - 2 JEE Advanced Pattern

46.(D) Both V and I are in the same phase, So, let us calculate the time taken by the voltage to change from
peak value to rms value. Now, 220  220 sin100 t1 .
 1
or 100 t  or t1  s
2 200
200 1 3 3
Again,  220 sin 100 t 2 or  sin 100 t 2 or 100 t 2  or t2  s
2 2 4 400
1
Required time  t 2  t1  s  2.5  10 3 s
400
47.(B) Here, X L  L  2fL  2  50  1  100

1 1 1 103 0 3  2  10 
XC      So, X  X L  X C  100    102   
C 2fC 2   50  10  10 6   

 


48.(C) VR  I v R  1  50  50 ; VL  Ev2  VR2  220 2  502  214 V

49.(B) Given l  5  10 sin t
 
 T  1/2 1/2
 2
I dt   1 T   T 
 2  1 25  100 sin t  100 sin2 t
 
    
I eff   0

T

 T
  0
5  10 sin t
 dt

 T  
  0 

 0
dt



T T 1/2
1 1 1  1 
But as
T  sin t dt  0 and
T  sin t dt 
2
So I eff  25   100 
 2 
 5 3A
0 0
50.(ABC) Various cases where average value of AC current in a half-time period, i.e. it may be positive,
negative or zero depending on initial value of time from which average is taken.

V0
51.(ABCD) Slope of lien representing voltage line tan  
T /2
T /2

Equation of line will be V 

 2t
t  1  V  V0 
V0 
 1  Also, Vav  0
Vdt 2 T T  V
 V0     0

T /2   T /2 4 2
T  7   2
dt
0
1/2
 T 2  1/2

Vrms   0
V dt 

V  T  4t 2 4t
 0  
 
 1  dt 
V0
 T  
T  0  T 2

T  

3
Also, V0  Vrms  Vav

 0 
dt 

   

2
52.(C) X L  L  2 fL  2  50  0.21  21  ; So, Z  R 2  X L2  122  21    ;

2 V 220 2
 122   21  22/7   4500  30 5  ; So, I    A
Z 30 5 3 5

Physics | AC Circuits 57 Workbook - 5 | Solutions

Vidyamandir Classes

X   21   7 
53.(A)   tan 1  L   tan 1    tan 1   i.e., the current will lag the applied voltage.
 R   12   4 
     
I0
54.(A) For triangular wave from (ii) I rms 
3
Full cycle average current is zero for (1), (ii) and (iii) for (iii) average current for positive half-cycle is i 0 .
i
for (ii), average current for positive half-cycle is 0 . Hence, (A)–(S), (B)–(P,R,S), (C)–(S,Q), (D)-(Q)
2
1 5 1
55.(4) V6   3  6 I v  I v  0.5 A ; I v   , X L  8 Now, VL  I v . X L   8  4V
2 2
6  XL 2 2

56.(B) At resonance, the series combination of L and C gives zero impedance.

At resonance, the voltages across L and C are equal but opposite in phase.
R
57.(A) cos   (for L – C – R series)
Z
1 R 1 1
So,  or R  X C  X L or  R  L ; C 
2 2
R  (X  X ) 2 C 2f ( R  2 fL )
C L
220
58.(A) 2.2   1002  ( X L  X C )2 1002  X L  XC
2 2
100  ( X L  X C )
100 
 X C  L  100

VR R 100 1
For box cos     
VR  C R 2 2
 XC 2
100  (100) 2 2

1 10 6
59.(B) XC    6.369 ; X L  2fL  2  50  10  10 3  
2fC 250  500
Since X L  X C ,so inductive branch has less impedance, and so more current. Hence B2 will be brighter.

60.(ACD) In R-L-C series circuit, VR2  V L2  100 2 VC  V L  120

2
1302  VR2  VC  VL    VR  50V

 Voltage across inductor, VL  100 2  502  50 3V

and voltage drop across capacitor, VC  120  50 3V
VR 50 5
Power factor, cos    
R 130 13
Since, VC  R L , so circuit is capacitive.
 

61.(BC) Given, voltage drop, Vs  200 2 sin t  15 And current, i  2 sin  t  

 4 


V0 I 0
Average power consumed across AC circuit i.e. P  cos 
2
3
Phase angle across power factor,   45  15  30 cos   cos 30 
2
Power consumed, i.e., P  200 2  2 cos 30 P  200 6 W
62.(C) Given, circuit can work on DC. It is not an L-C-R series circuit.
Also current increases with frequency and reaches a maximum.
Resonance is possible only when L and C are in series.

Physics | AC Circuits 58 Workbook - 5 | Solutions

 Vidyamandir Classes

V 250
63.(A) With DC supply, V  IR R     r  250
1 1
1 1 1
Resonant frequency is 4500 rad/s     LC  
LC 2
0  4500 
2

V 250
Also, with AC supply, I R  sin t  sin t  I R  1sin t
R 250
V V V
And Ix  cos t as, I  I R  L X , I  sin t  cos t , Let I 0 cos   1and  I 0 sin 
X X X
2
V 
We have  I  I 0 cos  sin t  I 0 sin  cos t  I  I 0 sin  t    now, I 02 cos2   I 02 sin 2   1  
X 
 
2 2
V   250  2 2 250  250 250 1000
 I 02  1    1
 1.25 
  X  x    x  333.33 
X   X  0.5625 0.75 3
   
1 1000 1
64.(D) As reactance, X  L    2250 L  … (i)
C 3 2250C
1 1 1
As LC  , we have L  
2 2 2
0 C 0 C 4500  
 
 11000  1
Substituting the values in Eq. (i), we have  2250  
2
3  C  4500  2250  C  
 
1  2250 1  1000 1 1 1  1000 1 3 1000
          
C  4500  4500 2250  3 C  9000 2250  3 C 9000 3

 C  106 F  1F
1 1 100
65.(2) X L  L   5  10 3  2000  10  ; XC      10 
C 6 10
50  10  2000
E 20
Since X L  X C , therefore ; Z = R = 5.9 + 0.10 + 4 = 10  ; Iv  v  A  2A
Z 10

Archive JEE Main

R
1.(B) Power factor 
R  L22
2

2.(A) The energy loss due to eddy currents is reduced by using laminated core in a transformer.
1
3.(C) res  ; If res is to remain same, the product LC should also not change.
LC
 LC  L ' C '  LC  L '2C  L'  L /2
4.(C) Average value of AC for complete cycle is zero,. Hence AC cannot be measured by DC ammeter.
5.(D) In an LCR series AC circuit, the voltages across components L and C are in opposite phase. The voltage
across LC combination will be zero.
6.(B) 0<phase difference for R-L circuit <  / 2
R 12
7.(C) Power factor cos     0.8
Z 15
1 1
8.(C) f  ; C ; C  1F
2 2
2 LC 4   f  10

Physics | AC Circuits 59 Workbook - 5 | Solutions

Vidyamandir Classes

9.(D) The emf generated would be maximum when flux (cutting) would
be maximum i.e., angle between area vector of coil and magnetic
field is 0°. The emf generated is given by (as a function of time)
e  NBA  cos t
 e max  NAB   cos t  cos  1    0
100 0.1
10.(D) i  0.1A ; VL  VC   250 V
1000 200  2  10 6
11.(B) cos   0 ; So power = 0
12.(D) The given circuit is under resonance as X L  X C

V2
Hence power dissipated in the circuit is P   242W
R
xL 1
13.(D) For LR circuit, tan   cos   2 ; Old power factor  cos  
R 5
X L  XC 2R  R
For LCR circuit, tan    1
R R
1 5
New power factor  cos    Required ratio 
2 2
14.(D) Impedance is minimum at resonance.
10 19
15.(D) For DC voltage source, Q  CE  E   100V
10 11
1 1
For AC voltage source, at resonance, w   10 8
LC 5 11
10  10
1 1 E 100
XC    1000, I 0    1A
wc 10 8  10 11 R 100
 VOC  I 0 X C 1000 V  Q0  CV0 10 11  1000  10 8 C
1 1 1000
16.(C) f0     23Hz
2 LC 6 4 3  2
2 24  2  10
17.(B) At Pmax ,   0  5
Pmax
At , 2  1  6.25  3.75  2.5
2
0 5
Quality factor =  2
2  1 2.5
18.(C) V  VC  VL 100V
100  
19.(B) X L  L  500  0.02  10  ; I  sin  500t    10 cos 500t
10  2
20.(C) Let V L be x ; VC  2 x , VR  3 x ; Vs  V R2  (VC  VL )2

100  9 x 2  x 2  x 10 10  VR  30 10  94.86 V

21.(D) Since power factor has to be made 1.
 Effective capacitance should be increased thus connecting in parallel.
 cos   1    0
I
I L 
(C  C ')
1 1
or C  C'   C'  C
2
 L 2 L
1  2LC
 C'  in parallel
2L
Physics | AC Circuits 60 Workbook - 5 | Solutions
 Vidyamandir Classes

22.(D) For a dc source

I  10 A, V  80V
Resistance of the arc lamp,
V 80
R   8
I 10
For an ac source,
rms  220V
v  50 Hz
  2   50  100  rad s 1
Arc lamp will glow if I  10 A.
2
rms  
 I  or R 2  2 L2   rms 
R 2  2 L2  I 
2
 220  2 222  82 30  14
or 82  (100 )2 L2    or L   L   0.065 H
 10  (100 )2 100 
  V0
23.(D) Current in LR circuit is I  sin  t   ,
 22 2 2
R  L
i.e., it is sinusoidal in nature.
24.(D) Here, 0  283V ,   320 s 1, R  5 ,
L  25 mH  25  10 3 H , C  1000 F  10 3 F ; X L  L  320  25  10 3  8
1 1 1000
XC     3.125 
C 3 320
320  10
Impedance, Z  R 2  ( X L  X C )2 ;  52  (8  3.125)2  49  7 
 X L  XC   4.875 
Required phase difference,   tan 1   ;   tan 1    45
 R   5 
0 L 1
25.(A) Q  
R 0 RC

0 I 0 cos  (100) (20) cos
26.(C) [P ]   4  100 watt
2 2 2
20 1
Wattless current  I rms sin    10A
2 2

27.(D) Energy  Pav  t

V R V2 R
Pav  Vrms Irms cos   Vrms rms   rms 
Z Z Z Z

X L  L  2fL  2  3.14  50  20  10 3  3.14  20  10 1  6.28 

1 1 10 6
XC      26.54 
C 2  3.14  50  120  10 6 314  120
( X C  VL )  20.26 

Z  ( X C  X L )2  R 2  (20.26)2  (60)2  4010

 24  24 
Now E   60  60  = 517.10J  5.17  10 2 J
 4010 
28.(None)
29.(B) Pprimary  2300  5

Physics | AC Circuits 61 Workbook - 5 | Solutions

Vidyamandir Classes

POutput  (230  i )
As efficiency is 90%
90
So  23 00  5  10  i ; i  45 A
100
2 2 1
30.(A) Time period    T
 100  50
A T T T 1
Time to go from to A     s  3.3 ms
2 4 12 6 300
31.(A) Since current leads emf, hence circuit will have capacitor and resistor.
1
Xc  R   103  C  10F
100C
32.(A) N P  turns in primary = 300
1
N S = turns in Secondary = 150  A  and f ( x )  3( x  1)
54
Output power = 2.2 kw  Output power  E s  I s  2.2  103
2200 2200
 Es    220 V  E p  440 V
Is 10
For Lossless transform
Input power = Output power
2200
 E p I p  2200  Ip   5A
440
 ms   mL 
33.(C) 2 t   ; t  22 minutes
(ms )  mL  irms Rt 
 i 2 Rt 
 rms 
34.(B)

Given
z  100 , f  1000 Hz, w  2 f
Phasor diagram

v iX
tan 45  L  L
vR iR
XL
1 ; R  XL
R
z R2  X 2
L ; 100  2 X L2

100  2 X L ; X L  50 2

50 2
L  50 2 ; L   1.1  10 2 H

2 1000 

Physics | AC Circuits 62 Workbook - 5 | Solutions

 Vidyamandir Classes

35.(A) pav  Vrmsirms cos 

2  R  V2 R
Vrms
    rms
Z  Z  Z2
(20)2  100

(100)2  (849.64  21.22)2
4  10 4
  0.05745 J/ sec
696279.7
1 20
X L  L  849.64  ; X C   21.22  ` pav  t  (2  10)  t   348 sec .
C pav
36.(C) Given R  2
Pout  1KW  1000W
1000 100
V  220V  Current: i    Power dissipated Pdis  i 2 R
220 22
Input power: Pin  Pout  Pdis
2
 100  1000
Pin  1000    2  Efficiency : %    100 ;  96.06%  96%
 22 
   10 4 
1000   2
 484 
 

1 L 1 80  10 3 1
37.(D) Q    4  10 4  2
R C 100 6 100
2  10
V
38.(400) P  VI cos   I  2 Amp and Z   125  & R  0.8Z  100 
I
XL 3
Also  tan    X L  75 
R 4
1 1 400
For resonance X L  X C  ; C   F  n  400
C 75  2   50 3
V 10
39.(C) I    0.52 ; I  .52 cos(314 t )
X  1 
  314  40  10 3 
4
 314  10 

Archive JEE Advanced

1.(A) As the current i leads the emf e by  / 4 , it is an R-C circuit.

1
XC 
tan   or tan  C  RC 1 ; AS ω 100 rad / s
R 4 R
1 1
The product of C-R should be s  Correct answer is (A)
100
Vrms 
2.(B) Z  R2  XC 2
 Irms  2
 P  I rms R ; Where X C 
Z ωC
As  is increased, XC will decrease or Z will decrease. Hence Irms or P will increase. Therefore, bulb glows
brighter. Hence, the correct option (B)
P 600  103
3.(B) P = Vi  i   150 A
V 4000
Total resistance of cables,
R  0.4  20  8Ω  Power loss in cables = i2R = (150)2 (8) = 180000 W = 180 KW

Physics | AC Circuits 63 Workbook - 5 | Solutions

Vidyamandir Classes

This loss is 30% of 600 kW.

N p Vp 1 4000
4.(A) During step-up,  or  or Vs = 40000 V
N s Vs 10 Vs
Np Vp 40000 200
In step down transformer,   
Ns Vs 200 1
1 1
5.(ABC) (A) 1 / RC  Ohm C V  Ohm C (C sec 1 Ohm)  sec 1
1 1

1
R ohm 1 1/2 1

(B)   sec 1
(C) (C )  (ohm  sec) (ohm sec) 2  sec 1
L ohm  sec LC
C Ohm 1 sec
(D)   Ohm 2
L Ohm  sec
2
 1 
6.(BC) Z  R 2  XC
2
 R2    ; In case (b) capacitance C will be more. Therefore, impedance Z
 ωC 
will be less. Hence, current will be more.  Option (B) is correct.
2
Further, VC  V  V R2  V 2
 ( IR )2 . In case (b) since current I is more.
Therefore, VC will be less  Option (C) is correct.  Correct options are (B) and (C)
7.(AC)

1
Circuit I XC   100Ω  Z1  (100)2  (100)2  100 2Ω
ωC
 R1 
1  cos 1    45 ; In this current leads the voltage.
Z 
 1
V 0 1 1
I1    A ; V100Ω  (100) I1  (100) V  10 2V
Z1 100 2 5 2 5 2
Circuit II X L  ω L  (100)(0.5)  50 Ω ; Z 2  (50)2  (50)2  50 2 Ω
 R2 
2  cos1    45
Z 
 2 
V 20 2
In this circuit voltage leads the current I 2    V
Z2 50 2 5

Further, I1 and I2 have a mutual phase difference of 90°  I  I 2 ,  I 22  0.34

8.(CD) For maximum charge on the capacitor,
dQ (2n  1)
I 0 or I 0 cos t  0 or t  , where n = 0, 1, 2, ……
dt 2
7 
Between t  0 to , charge will be maximum at
6 2
 / 2  /2
I0 I0 1
[sin t ]0 / 2   2  10 3C
 Q max 
 Idt 
 I 0 cos t dt ; 
 

500
0 0
 Option (A) is incorrect
7  7    7 
At t  ; I  I 0 cos t  I 0 cos    I 0 cos     0.866 A
6  6   6 

Physics | AC Circuits 64 Workbook - 5 | Solutions

 Vidyamandir Classes

7
Negative sign shows that current in circuit just before t  is opposite of initial direction, i.e., anti-
6
clockwise.
 option (b) is incorrect.
7
At t  , the charge on the upper plate is
6
7  /6 
I0 1 1
[sin t ]7  /6 
  10 3 C
Q1  I 0
 cos tdt 
 0 ; 
500

2
0
50  (10 3 /(20  10 6 ))
 After A connected to D, the current in R is I  10 A
10
 Option (C) is correct
Final charge on capacitor  50  20  10 6 C 1 10 3C
 Q 1  10 3  ( 1  10 3 )  2  10 3 C  Option (D) is correct
9.(AB) In a series LCR circuit, the current is in phase with the voltage at resonant frequency
1 1
r    106 rad / s.
LC (10 )(10 6 )
6

The resonant frequency is independent of R.

If the frequency is very low (   0) then inductive reactance X L  L  0 and capacitive reactance
X C  1/( C )  . Thus, the impedance of the circuit becomes very large and hence the current flowing
through the circuit becomes nearly zero. Thus, at low frequencies, the circuit behaves like a capacitor as
its behavior is largely controlled by X C .
If the frequency is very large (   r ) then inductive reactance X L  L   and capacitive reactance
X C  1/( C )  0. Again, the impedance of the circuit becomes very large and the current flowing
through the circuit becomes nearly zero. Thus, at high frequencies, the circuit behaves like an inductor
as its behavior is largely controlled by X L .
We encourage you to deduce these results from the expressions of phase  and current i,
 1 
 L 
1  C
  tan  ,
 R 
 
V0
i  sin( t  ).
2
2  1 
R   L 
 C 
The variation of phase difference (between the current and the voltage),  , with the frequency  is shown
in the first figure. Note that    / 2 when   0 (capacitive) and     / 2 when    (inductive). At
the resonant frequency r , the current is in phase with the voltage i.e.,   0 at   r . The second
figure shows the variation of the magnitude of the current (i 0 ) with frequency. The magnitude of the
current attains its maximum value, ir  V0 / R , at the resonant frequency r .
10.(BC) The potential difference between point X and Y is given by
 2     
V XY  V X  VY ;  V0 sin( t )  V0 sin  t   ;  2V0 cos  t   sin   
 3   3  3
   
  3V0 cos  t    3V0 sin  t   .
 3   6 
Similarly, the potential difference between point Y and Z is
 2   4   
VYZ  VY  VZ ;  V0 sin  t    V0 sin  t   ;  2V0 cos  t    sin   
 3   3   3
 
 3V0 cos( t )  3V0 sin  t   ,
 2

Physics | AC Circuits 65 Workbook - 5 | Solutions

Vidyamandir Classes

and the potential difference between point Z and X is

 4   2   7 
VZX  VZ  V X ;  V0 sin  t    V0 sin( t ) ;  3V0 cos  t   3V0 sin  t  .
 3   3   6 
The rms value of the potential V  V0 sin(t  ) is given by V rms  V0 / 2. Thus, rms values of the
rms rms rms
potentials are V XY  VYZ  V ZX  V0 3/ 2. Hence, the reading of the voltmeter is independent of the
two terminal i.e., reading is same whether it is connected across X-Y or Y-Z or Z-X.
11. [A – RST ; B – QRST ; C – QP ; D – QRST]
In circuit (P) : I can’t be non zero in steady state In circuit (q) : V1 = 0 and V2 = 2I = V (also)
In circuit (r) : V1  X L I  (2 fL )I  (2  50  6  10 3 ) I  1.88 I ; V2  2I
 1   I 
In circuit (s) : V1 = XL I = 1.88I ; V2  X C I   I   I  (1061) I
 2 fC    2  50  3  10 6 
   
In circuit (t) : V1  IR  (1000)I
V2  X C I  (1061)I
Therefore the correct options are as under (A  r, s, t) ; (B  q, r, s, t) ; (C  q or p, q) ; (D  q, r, s, t)
12.(2) The magnetic field at a distance × from the wire on the left is
 I sin t  1 1 
B 0 0   .
2  x 3a  x 
The flux of magnetic field through the loop is
2a
a 0 I 0 ln 2


a
Badx 

sin t

Then the induced emf is

d a 0 I 0 ln 2
  cos t
dr 
and the maximum current
  a 20 I 0C ln 2
i max   
Xe 1/ C 
The charge on the upper plate is
a 0 I 0C ln 2
q(t )   C   cos t .

Its variation with time is shown in the figure.

13.(20) Z  ( L )2  R 2 
 
V0 220 2
I0    20 Amp
Z (100   35  10 3 )2  (11)2 
 
L 100   35  10 3
tan    1
R 11
   45
 
I  I 0 sin  t  
 4 

 
 20 sin 100 t  
 4 

14.(6) Take the circular tube as a long solenoid. The wires are closely would. Magnetic field inside the solenoid
is
B  0ni
Here, n = number of turns per unit length  ni = current per unit length
In the given problem
Physics | AC Circuits 66 Workbook - 5 | Solutions
 Vidyamandir Classes

I 0 I
ni   B
L L
Flux passing through the circular coil is
 0 I  2
  BS     ( r )
 L 
d   r 2  dI e   r 2  dI
0 0
Induced emf e       ; Induced current i    .
dt  L  dt R  LR  dt
   
  2r 4  dI
0
Magnetic moment  iA  i r 2 or M   . . . . . .(i)
 LR  dt
 
dI
Given, I  I 0 cos(300t )    300 I 0 sin(300t )
dt
Substituting in Eq. (i) we get,
 300 2r 2  3002r 4
M   0 I 0 sin(300t )  N 
 LR  LR
 
Substituting the value we get,
300(22/7)2 (0.1)4
N = 5.926 or N6
(10 (0.005)

15.(4) Z  R2  XC
2
 R  1.25  R2  XC
2
 1.25 R 2
R 1 R
or XC  or 
2 ωC 2
2 2
 Time constant = CR   s  4ms  Answer is 4
ω 500
B r 2 B r 2 mgr cos t 1
16. e  ; i (1  e  Rt / L ) ;   B 2 r 4
2 2R 2 4R
OA is a metal rod which rotates with a constant angular speed  . The free end A of rod OA slides along a

fixed conducting circular ring. B is the uniform and constant magnetic induction applied perpendicular
and into the plane of rotation of the rod.
(a) Induced emf across switch S :
Consider a small element of length dx at distance x
from centre along the rod OA.
Linear speed of element v  x 
 emf induced in element
 B ( x )(dx ) or d   B xdx
r
B r 2
or
 
d   B  x dx
0
or 
2

B r 2
 induced emf across switch  ........ (i)
2
(b) (i) Current in L  R circuit when S is closed :
Due to emf  induced across switch, a current is induced. The current ( I ) grows in L  R circuit
 R R
 t    t
 I  I 0 1  e L  or I  1e L 
  R 
   
R
B r 2   t
or I  1e L  ........ (ii)
2R  
 

Physics | AC Circuits 67 Workbook - 5 | Solutions

Vidyamandir Classes

B r 2
I0  denotes steady state current
2R
(ii) Torque to maintain constant  in steady state :
Torque on rod OA will be sum of torques due to magnetic force on rod and weight of the rod.
Magnetic force  ( I 0 )(r )( B )
 B r 2  B 2 r 3
where I  I 0 at steady state. Or Fm    (r )( B ) or Fm 
 2R  2R
 
r B 2r 3  r
 Torque due to Fm  1  1  Fm 
2 2R  2
2 4
B r
or 1  in clockwise direction.
4R
Similarly torque to weight  2
 r cos   mgr
 2  mg   or 2  cos , clockwise    1  2
 2  2
 B 2r 4 mgr 
or   cos  clockwise
 4 R 2 
For constant angular speed, this torque should be nullified by the applied external torque, of
equal magnitude, in anticlockwise direction. The net torque will then be zero and the angular
speed of the rod will be maintained constant.
 B 2r 4 mgr cos t 
 Torque     ........ (iii)
 4 R 2 

Physics | AC Circuits 68 Workbook - 5 | Solutions