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Problem Set Activity No.1 - Database Systems

This document contains review questions and answers about database systems and file structures. It discusses key concepts like data redundancy, data independence, different types of databases, and metadata. Sample file structures are presented along with problems identifying data redundancy issues and ways to restructure the files to eliminate redundancies such as consolidating repeated data into separate files.

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Adrian James Apuli
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
49 views

Problem Set Activity No.1 - Database Systems

This document contains review questions and answers about database systems and file structures. It discusses key concepts like data redundancy, data independence, different types of databases, and metadata. Sample file structures are presented along with problems identifying data redundancy issues and ways to restructure the files to eliminate redundancies such as consolidating repeated data into separate files.

Uploaded by

Adrian James Apuli
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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FULLNAME (SN, FN MN) [DATE]

CHAPTER 1: DATABASE SYSTEMS

A. REVIEW QUESTIONS

1. What is data redundancy, and which characteristics of the file system can lead to it?
Answer: Data redundancy refers to repetitive data in the database. In a system with
redundant data it is difficult to manage the relationships. Data redundancy is the
result of poorly designed database. By implying proper constraints on the data it can
be prevented.
2. Discuss the lack of data independence in file systems.
Answer: Data independence exists when changes to the data’s characteristics can be
made without requiring changes to be made to the application associated with that
data i.e. the data is independent of the application. Within a file system, each file of
data requires its own application to organize the data. As a result file system lack
data independence.
3. What is data independence, and why is it important?
Answer: a property of DBMS that helps you to change the Database schema at one
level of a database system without requiring to change the schema at the next higher
level and data independence it helps you to keep data separated from all programs
that make use of it
4. List and describe the different types of databases.
Answer:
 Relational databases - a type of database that stores and provides access to data
points that are related to one another
 NoSQL databases - provides a mechanism for storage and retrieval of data that is
modeled in means other than the tabular relations used in relational databases
 Cloud databases- is a database that typically runs on a cloud computing platform
and access to the database is provided as-a-service.
 Columnar databases - is a database management system that stores data tables by
column rather than by row.
 Wide column databases - it uses tables, rows, and columns, but unlike a relational
database.
 Object-oriented databases - is a database system that can work with complex data
objects.
 Key-value databases - is a type of non-relational database that uses a simple key-
value method to store data.
 Hierarchical databases - model is a data model in which the data are organized into a
tree-like structure.
 Document databases - is a type of non-relational database that is designed to store
and query data as JSON-like documents

ASST. PROF. RONINA C. TAYUAN 1


FULLNAME (SN, FN MN) [DATE]

 Graph databases - is a database that uses graph structures for semantic queries with
nodes, edges, and properties to represent and store data. A key concept of the
system is the graph.
 Time series databases - is a software system that is optimized for storing and serving
time series through associated pairs of time and value.
5. What is metadata?
Answer: summarizes basic information about data, making finding & working with
particular instances of data easier. Metadata can be created manually to be more
accurate, or automatically and contain more basic information

B. PROBLEM SOLUTIONS

A. The File Structure for Problems 1-4

Questions:

1. How many records does the file contain, and how many fields are there per record?
2. What problem would you encounter if you wanted to produce a listing by city? How
would you solve this problem by altering the file structure?
3. If you wanted to produce a listing of the file contents by last name, area code, city,
country, or postcode, how would you alter the file structure?
4. What data redundancies do you detect, and how could these redundancies lead to
anomalies?

ASST. PROF. RONINA C. TAYUAN 1


FULLNAME (SN, FN MN) [DATE]

B. The File Structure for Problems 5-8

Identify and discuss the serious data redundancy problems exhibited by the file structure
shown in the figure below.

Questions:

5. Identify and discuss the serious data redundancy problems exhibited by the file
structure shown in Figure above.
6. Looking at the EMP_NAME and EMP_PHONE contents in Figure above, what
change(s) would you recommend?
7. Identify the different data sources in the file you examined in Problem 5.
8. Given your answer to Problem 7, what new files should you create to help eliminate
the data redundancies found in the file shown in Figure above?

ASST. PROF. RONINA C. TAYUAN 1

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