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Transformer Testing Ir

Insulation resistance testing measures the resistivity of transformer insulation to verify acceptability. Key measurements include insulation resistance values at 15, 60, and 600 seconds, as well as the polarization index ratio between the 600 and 60 second readings. Proper testing procedure involves shorting transformer terminals, selecting an appropriate test voltage, measuring individual windings and between windings, and comparing results to past tests and polarization index guidelines. Safety precautions must be followed such as equipment grounding and discharge times.

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Shanid Ahamed
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378 views12 pages

Transformer Testing Ir

Insulation resistance testing measures the resistivity of transformer insulation to verify acceptability. Key measurements include insulation resistance values at 15, 60, and 600 seconds, as well as the polarization index ratio between the 600 and 60 second readings. Proper testing procedure involves shorting transformer terminals, selecting an appropriate test voltage, measuring individual windings and between windings, and comparing results to past tests and polarization index guidelines. Safety precautions must be followed such as equipment grounding and discharge times.

Uploaded by

Shanid Ahamed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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TRANSFORMER TESTING

Insulation Resistance
Shanid Pazhamkavil
INSULATION RESISTANCE TESTING

• Insulation resistance measurements are performed to verify


that the state of dryness of the insulation of the various
windings and the core are of acceptable values.

• Insulation resistance testing may also reveal important


information about concealed damage of bushings.
• Insulation resistance is the volume and surface resistivity of
the insulation involved.

• Insulation resistance of transformers and reactors are


measured using Insulation Tester and the values expressed in
Mega Ohms/Giga ohms.

• The output voltage from the insulation tester is DC.

• The value of insulation resistance (IR value) depends on the


design (voltage class, type etc.), temperature of oil , dryness
of internal parts, cleanliness of parts (especially bushing
porcelains, terminals), condition of oil, atmospheric
conditions (humidity) etc.

• IR value varies with voltage applied for measurement and


hence comparison may always be done with measurements
carried out at same voltages.

• IR value is inversely proportional to the temperature.


TESTING & ANALYSIS

• Before starting the measurement, the temperature of the oil in


Transformer must be noted; which shall be almost the same as the
reference ambient temperature.

• Measurements are made at 15TH ,60TH & 600TH Seconds

• Ensure that the measured value at 60th seconds is not less than
2000 Meg. Ohm.

• Polarization Index (PI) value, which is the ratio of 600th to 60th


seconds.

• PI value gives a rough guide to the condition of the insulation


properties; especially the dryness of the windings and internal
parts of the Transformer.

• PI value <1.0 indicates bad/ unsatisfactory, >= 1 .3satisfactory,


>= 1.5 good and >= 2.0 very good conditions of the dryness /
insulation properties inside the transformer.
• The new generation Insulation testers have inbuilt provisions for discharging
the voltages through the testing equipment itself, which takes place within a
few seconds after switching off. However ,as the voltage generated for
measurement is of the tune of 500V ~ 5000V, earthing may be done
externally before removing the connections as a safety precaution
Insulation Resistance of Winding

Aim
c) To determine the insulation resistance of individual winding
to Earth and between windings.
d) To evaluate the condition of the Transformer insulation.

Test preparation
• Insulation Tester (Megger) must be of 5kV range having valid
calibration.

• The earthing of the main body / tank, core /clamp etc.,


cleanliness & dryness of the bushing porcelains/ terminals
and tightness of the connection are checked.

• The temperature of the oil inside the transformer (OTI


reading) is noted.

• Care may be taken to see that test leads do not touch among
themselves and with Transformer body.
Test procedure

• Terminals of all HV bushings and HVN bushing are shorted


together as shown in the figure. Similarly all terminals of LV
bushings are shorted together.

• The test voltage is selected per the requirement considering


the voltage class of the testing specimen

• IR values of individual winding to Earth and between windings


are measured at 15th ,60th and 600th seconds.

• Compare the measured IR values with the factory results. Also


evaluate PI values.

• Connection diagram for a two winding Transformer is shown


below.
*Vector Indication may change according to vector group of transformer
*Ynd vector group is considered in above diagram
Connection Arrangement
How the instrument looks like?
Precautions/ Safety

• Transformer and the bushings under test shall be thoroughly cleaned


with dry cloth.
• During the measurement the test area shall be demarked with
warning tape.
• Megger shall be placed on a leveled platform.

• Sagging of the connection leads shall be avoided.

• Infinity and zero of the megger shall be checked prior to test.

• Sufficient time shall be given for discharge of megger before taking


the next measurement.

• The test circuit must be discharged by short-circuiting for a period


which shall be at least four times the voltage application time; if the
connection is made by bare hands. However in practice at least a
discharge time equal to the voltage application time shall be given.

• Measurement at higher voltage shall not be done while the


transformer is under vacuum.
Interpretation

• A high value of polarization index indicates the insulation is very


good. PI value <1 indicates immediate corrective action is
required.

• There are no specific absolute values of acceptable insulation


resistance; however reference should be made to previous test
history to establish a trend.

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