Learning Outcome 02 – speakers notes

Problem solving skills

Problem
The concise Oxford Dictionary (1995) defines a problem as:
“Doubtful or Unresolved”
And
"It's a difficult thing to understand or deal with."
(skillsyouneed, 2020)

When we have problems, we cannot do our job correctly. We have conflicts among team
members. Therefore, it explained when we are about to have a problem.
As Albert Einstein said, "We cannot solve our problems by the thinking we used to create
our problems." We need to think differently to solve our problems. Problem-solving will
lead to success. We cannot remove them, as in mind we have created. We need to think
differently.

Analyzing a problem

Problem analysis examines a situation/problem to recommend practical solutions to the

problem and allows the researcher to understand the problem better.
Also, a problem analysis will determine the extent of the problem and if the problem is
genuinely link to the specific site where the problem investigated. For example, when
we do this through online technology, the main problem we have is the software we
use. When we have a problem, we must analyze the problem by following steps.

- Analyze the probability thoroughly

We need to know the case well enough to come up with a solution. Otherwise, our
decisions will be affected by problems rather than problems.
According to our program, you should look deeper into the software you can use at any
time.

- Define the central question

We need to know what is the main issue of this problem. To see, we must dig deeper into
the problem. Exactly then we will know what caused the problem.

- Identify the obstacles to the problem.

Knowing the cause of the problem, once we have solved it, knowing this can prevent such
issues in the future. Another problem with our program is the software used by the
participants, how to participate, the number of pages needed, and the cost of it.

- Identify relevant options

Once the problem and cause are identified, alternatives can be found to prevent conflict.
We have received comments from team members for this. This helps us to get more
feasible options on the problem. There are many software options to suit our program.

- Choose the best option.

When we do not have options, we must choose the best option to solve the problem. We
can do that by getting other people’s opinions about the team.
So we thought Microsoft Team Software was the best for us.

- Develop an Implementation Plan

Once we have chosen our best option for the problem, we must come up with a plan to
implement it and implement it according to our program.
Accordingly, our student team will hold a meeting using our chosen software.
By all of the above steps, we can analyze our problem very effectively. Solving problems
requires more time and attention. But a problem that is not resolved correctly requires less
time and attention. What it needs is a willingness to slow down. A problem is like a curve
in a road. Get it right, and you will look good. Take it fast, and you will not be in a good
position.

Working through this process is not always a strict linear exercise. You may want to cycle
back to the previous step. For example, if you are having trouble choosing an alternative,
you may want to reconnect.
This process can be used for a large group, between two people, or one person facing a
difficult decision. The more difficult and urgent the problem, the more useful and
necessary is the use of a disciplined process.

Use of tools and methods

Brainstorming
Solving traditional group problems often prevents group behavior from helping. It is
important to start with a structured, analytical process of problem-solving that can lead a
team to develop limited and unthinkable ideas.
(mindtools, 2018)

Individual Brainstorming
People with a single brain enjoy the flexibility of working at their own pace.

Group Brainstorming
Brainstorming is a group planning technique where members attempt to solve a specific
problem by assembling a list of ideas that they voluntarily contribute to.

It is a useful tool to wake the brain and take your thoughts out of your mind. It helps you
explore different and sometimes quick ideas to find creative solutions or business
processes. There are two types of brain stimulation - individual and group.

Although they both have their own advantages in stimulating ideas, people are more
creative in brainwashing rather than as a group. Because:

They can generate their own ideas: People with a single brain can enjoy the flexibility of
working at their own pace. They can set their own time and place and work accordingly.
People tend to be more creative at times and places. Some are creative in the morning,
some in the afternoon, some in coffee, some in style, and so on. This does not occur in the
brains of groups who think they must follow the due dates and places.

Opinions can be blocked: If the group brainstorming session is poorly organized, it can
quickly set aside the discussion. Participants can be blocked, especially those who are
reserved and quiet. Their creative best and their tumultuous moments cannot be expressed.
Individuals do not have these disorders when brainwashing alone. - They don't have to
worry about others.

People like to focus on their contributions. Sometimes they go inside the ship and try to
force their ideas on others. If they get ideas from their top executives, the rest of the team
will backtrack to avoid a conflict.

In addition, during group thought sessions, people may feel that their ideas are not as good
or valuable as those of others. Some ideas get lost in this way. It is normal to judge people
and have a quick discussion about one idea. It can be controlled quickly, but it affects the
output. If people feel intimidated, they have no room to share.

They can generate more ideas: In group settings, you can't expect equal participation from
all members. Some people may be ashamed to share their crazy or weird ideas. Private
brainstorming, on the other hand, allows participants to present all their ideas without
hesitation or ridicule. These ideas can lead to lucrative business opportunities or provide
more creative solutions.
In our training program, we always used brainstorming. We brainstorm from the
beginning to the end of our program. We had to set some team barriers and get ideas when
deciding something. Our action plan is an idea that stimulates the brain. Brain function is
a useful tool for teamwork and teamwork. This avoided many problems in our program.

SWOT Analysis

SWOT Analysis is a process that identifies the organization's strengths, weaknesses,

opportunities, and threats. Specifically, SWOT is a basic (analytical framework) that
assesses what can and cannot be done for internal (strengths and weaknesses) as well as
factors (typically used for a business, place, industry, or product). SWOT-analysis helps
the company achieve its objectives by using environmental data to assess the location of
the company. Determine what obstacles to overcome, or at least go for it, and why you
want to achieve the desired results: the future of the organization and where it stands
today. (investopedia, 2020)

SWOT Analysis is a way of summarizing your company's strengths, weaknesses,

opportunities, and threats.
The purpose of a SWOT analysis is to help organizations develop a complete
understanding of all the factors that are relevant to making a business decision.
Before you take any kind of company action, do a SWOT analysis of whether you are
exploring new initiatives, reforming internal policies, considering a plan change, or
changing a plan's implementation.
Use your SWOT analysis to find recommendations and strategies focused on leveraging
strengths and opportunities to overcome weaknesses and threats.

To run a successful business, you need to constantly analyze your processes to ensure that
they run as efficiently as possible. While there are many ways to evaluate your company,
the most effective way is to conduct a SWOT analysis.

SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) Analysis is a planning

process that helps your company overcome challenges and set new goals.

SWOT analysis is to help organizations develop a complete understanding of all the

factors that are relevant to making a business decision. The system was invented by
Stanford Research Institute Albert Humphrey in 1960 to identify the reasons for the
continued failure of the corporate plan. SWOT is one of the most useful tools for business
owners to start and grow from the day their companies were created.
(businessnewsdaily, 2020)

In our team work we use SWOT analysis. When we making a decision we analyzed it by
SWOT method to find out its Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats.
5 WHY method

Japanese industrial, inventor and founder of Toyota Industries, Sakichi Toyoda, developed
the
5Wis technology in the 1930s. It was popular in the 1970s and is still used by Toyota to
solve it.

Toyota has a "go and see" scene. This means that its decision-making is based on a deeper
understanding of what is really happening on the shop floor

More than anyone in a boardroom.

Hoyois technology adheres to this tradition and is most effective in answering questions
of people who have experience with the process or problem.

The procedure is simple: "Why?" You will find the root cause of it. Five times. Then,
when an anti-measurement is evident, you follow it to prevent the problem from
recurring.

How to use 5 Why,

1. Assemble a group
Connect with people you know who are going to solve the problem

2. Define the problem

Talk deeply about the issue and find out why and why. Ask the cause of the problem 1

3. Ask for four more reasons

To find the root of the problem, look deeper into the problem.

4. Know when to stop

When you stop responding, stop. It's your last day.

5. Analyze the root cause

Now you can analyze the problem data.
 6. Monitor your steps
Be very careful to eliminate or minimize the underlying problem with your antagonistic
actions.

In our Training program we used 5 why in some situation. One of using suitable software
for the program.

Applying Critical Reasoning

Critical Reasoning

Critical reasoning is an intellectually disciplined process for actively and skillfully

conceptualizing, applying, analyzing, synthesizing and / or evaluating the information
collected or generated by observation, experience, reflection, reasoning or communication
as a guide to belief and action. .
(Scriven, 1996)

There are several steps to using critical logic to solve the problem,
1) Make a Startup Problem Statement
2) Check whether you are solving the problem
3) Refine the problem definition
4) The scope of the problem

Understanding the problem, trying to solve it yourself is often the most challenging step
because it is easy to focus on the wrong part of the problem or look at the problem
broadly. Some problems, such as installing a broken computer, are easy to solve if you
have the right knowledge. Others, such as identifying what you want to do with your life,
can be overwhelming, because the answer is unique to you and requires time and
experience to solve, not to mention a few more complications.
Then you can solve simple and difficult problems in other ways. One way to solve such a
problem is to critically analyze the problem and get the answer.
These steps are very important when using them to solve a problem. Throughout our
program, we have been able to prevent, resolve, and resolve a number of conflicts by
using this method and by providing good answers to those who have problems.
For example, when the cameraman is going to photograph, the light is blurred due to low
light conditions. This is an additional problem as with all tasks, and this is a problem we
do not want. We were able to fix the problem by activating all the lights in the hall. Use
the critical thinking used for the above situation. We thought of everything we could do
and did what was best for the scope of our problem.

After assessing the problem, we evaluate whether or not it has been resolved. Then we got
the idea that we would solve the problem at an acceptable level. Because low light levels
can only be handled using a stage lighting system. Since our desired image was crisp and
clear, we only got a light snapshot. We have done what we can to avoid the problem. We
cannot rent a stage lighting system from our budget. Critical logic, therefore, provides the
maximum benefit possible for the situation.
I think we've handled a lot of cases using critical logic instead of conflict level. I think our
problem-solving skills are good in a particular way.

Process of applying Critical Reasoning

First, there is the whole process we are going to use for any critical reasoning problem:

Step 1: Identify the problem.

Step 2: Decode the argument.
Step 3: Specify the target.
Step 4: Work up to right and wrong.
Those steps are obvious to some and vague to others. I'll explain it all below, but first I
want to say: every step is for a very important reason and every step is separated from the
others for a very important reason.

Identify the problem

There is a problem after many arguments (of course there is one exception, but we are not
going to discuss it here). Different types of CR The stem words (lower part of the
argument) allow us to identify the critical logic problem that needs to be answered. It is
important to recognize the problem immediately, as there are many arguments based on
the critical rationale we have.
We need to knowsolve the current problem from the start, and we can do so by identifying
the family and the specific problem (see below for more information).

Dismiss the argument

Arguments are made of building blocks such as premises, contradictions, assumptions,

and conclusions. When reading the argument, we want to take very short notes that allow
us to break the argument into its building blocks. What kind of information and other parts
do we have?
Knowing all this allows us to do what is called reading with purpose. We know what to
look for, so we can actively look into these things and find out what logic we need to do to
answer the question, so we can start to think a little bit as we read. (This assumes that we
know what we are doing for each question type;

Specify the goal

This is a short but often overlooked step: What exactly am I trying to do when I answer
this question? I know my goal, I know what the problem is, I know the logic and how it
fits together, I know my conclusion (if there is one); Now what
In this case, when we start hitting the answers, we need to remind ourselves what it really
is trying to do, and this goal depends on the type of questions we have. Let's say we guess.
Our goal is to give you at least a few arguments (but not all) and find the answer that
should be true. As we continue to study, we learn that guesswork often has tragic answers;
That is, they may or may not be true, but the answer is not necessarily true.
By the time we test, our brains have our objectives for each type, okay, guess. Go!

Work up to right and wrong.

In general, we are asked to find the best answer. To do this, we use a two-step process.
First, let's look at the five answers and eliminate as many wrong answers as we can. After
passing these first answers, we are not trying to determine what is really right; they are
necessarily wrong.
If we only have one answer, it's great; We're screwed. If we have two or more answers
left, we can compare the remaining answers a second time. It is tempting, but we are
better able to distinguish between wrong answers and the right answers because it reminds
us of our goal before looking at the answers.

Since the above steps have used in the process of using critical logic in our program,
we have benefited from using critical logic. This is the most accurate way to solve the
problem. For example, to select the appropriate meeting software, we identified the
problem as a first step and demonstrated several arguments to solve the problem. Then
we announced the goal. The goal is to get software that is well known and well used.
We have worked from right to wrong to solve our problem.
We have done a great deal of work to critique our team's ideas for critical logic.
Another example is when we select gifts for the winners. A problem was about to happen.
Some members of the group said they should use less for budget gifts, and others said we
should give away a lot of gifts. This also evidenced by critical logic. Since we can do so
much with our budget, we can agree to use a little money for gifts. We present all the
solutions and make them available to the team members.
We decide what to take. It helps to consult our lecturers to reduce conflict and achieve
better goals.
When team members have critical and critical thinking skills, they get excellent results.
These skills lead people to ask important questions and come up with interesting ideas
about issues and concerns. Not every person has these skills; Therefore, when a team
member does so, these interesting questions can be used to promote a group discussion
and positive results. Because these thinkers are generally very open-minded, they can
assess situations without manipulating any information. They can identify the practical
approaches and consequences of actions. Communication Critical thinkers are the
opposite of effective and effective communication. Because we use critical reasoning, we
avoid many conflicts when planning and presenting an event. In the future, we will
address our problems with critical logic. Problem-solving is effective, effective, and
effective as it is within our decision making range.

Using the problem-solving tools greatly aided us in finding answers to the issues
presented. The primary techniques, such as critical route analysis and group
brainstorming, were important highlights for the answers we came up with, bringing our
job stress to the ground level to keep the arrangements running smoothly. As a major
technique, critical route analysis provided the foundational impetus for our planning
method. Despite the fact that it was a preliminary estimate, 3/4 of the specified criteria
were on target and on schedule. Using the projected plan, we were able to allocate
responsibilities among the team within a day, as well as identify a school on the same day.

Naturally, no project is without hurdles, as it took about a month and a few more days to
obtain permission from the selected school for an exact day for the event to take place
additionally. However, the critical path analysis allowed us hands on carrying out the rest
of the scheduled activities inside that month, where we printed request letters and held
weekly meetings and discussions with our topic instructor. At the conclusion of the day,
we were able to balance the time with the concurrent activities without pausing until one
job was completed. This highlights the significance and efficacy of doing a critical path
analysis prior to beginning the preparations.

In the process of applying critical logic, we can solve different angles and choose the right
thing. In my opinion, critical reasoning is a more effective problem-solving method. I
think this one is the reasons for our success in programming the program with no
problems.