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Engineering Mathematics -II

Assignment Solution - Week 12
TYPE OF QUESTION: MCQ/MSQ
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QUESTION 1:
Let 𝑓 (𝑡) = 𝑒 𝑡 , 𝑔(𝑡) = 𝑡 and ℎ(𝑡) = 𝑒 −𝑡 , 𝑡 ≥ 0. Which of the following option(s) is(are)
CORRECT ? Here, ‘ ∗ ’ denotes the convolution.

a. 𝑓∗𝑔 =𝑔∗𝑓
b. 𝑓 ∗ ℎ = sinh 𝑡
c. 𝑔 ∗ ℎ = 𝑡 − 1 + 𝑒 −𝑡
d. (𝑓 + 𝑔) ∗ ℎ = sinh 𝑡 + 𝑡 − 1 + 𝑒 −𝑡

Correct Answer: a, b, c, d .

Solution:
Using the symmetry of convolution, we have 𝑓 ∗ 𝑔 = 𝑔 ∗ 𝑓.
The convolution of two functions 𝑓(𝑡) and 𝑔(𝑡) is given by the integral
𝑡
(𝑓 ∗ 𝑔) = ∫ 𝑓(𝜏)𝑔(𝑡 − 𝜏) 𝑑𝜏
0

Therefore,
𝑡 𝑡
𝑒 −𝑡 2𝑡 1
𝑓 ∗ ℎ = ∫ 𝑒 𝜏 𝑒 −(𝑡−𝜏) 𝑑𝜏 = 𝑒 −𝑡 ∫ 𝑒 2𝜏 𝑑𝜏 = (𝑒 − 1) = (𝑒 𝑡 − 𝑒 −𝑡 ) = sinh t
0 0 2 2
𝑡 𝑡
𝑔 ∗ ℎ = ∫ 𝜏𝑒 −(𝑡−𝜏) 𝑑𝜏 = 𝑒 −𝑡 ∫ 𝜏𝑒 𝜏 𝑑𝜏 = 𝑒 −𝑡 [𝜏𝑒 𝜏 − 𝑒 𝜏 ]𝑡0 = 𝑒 −𝑡 [𝑡𝑒 𝑡 − 𝑒 𝑡 − 0 + 1]
0 0
= 𝑡 − 1 + 𝑒 −𝑡
Using distributive property of convolution, we get
(𝑓 + 𝑔) ∗ ℎ = 𝑓 ∗ ℎ + 𝑔 ∗ ℎ = sinh t + 𝑡 − 1 + 𝑒 −𝑡
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QUESTION 2:
Using convolution theorem, find the inverse Laplace transform of
1
𝑄(𝑠) =
𝑠 (𝑠 2 + 9)
𝐿−1 [𝑄(𝑠)] =
1
a. (1 + sin 3𝑡)
9
1
b. (1 − sin 3𝑡)
9
1
c. (1 − cos 3𝑡)
9
1
d. (1 + cos 3𝑡)
9

Correct Answer: c .

Solution:
We can write
1 1
𝑄 (𝑠 ) = = 𝐹(𝑠)𝐺(𝑠)
𝑠 𝑠2 + 9
Now,
1
𝐿−1 [𝐹(𝑠)] = 𝐿−1 [ ] = 1 = 𝑓 (𝑡)
𝑠
1 1
𝐿−1 [𝐺 (𝑠)] = 𝐿−1 [ 2 ] = sin 3t = 𝑔(𝑡)
𝑠 +9 3

The convolution theorem says that 𝐿[(𝑓 ∗ 𝑔)(𝑡)] = 𝐿[𝑓(𝑡)]𝐿[𝑔(𝑡)] = 𝐹(𝑠)𝐺(𝑠)

So,
1 1 1 𝑡
𝐿−1 [𝑄(𝑠)] = 𝐿−1 [𝐹(𝑠)𝐺 (𝑠)] = 𝐿−1 [ ] = ( 𝑓 ∗ 𝑔 )( 𝑡 ) = ∫ sin(3(𝑡 − 𝜏)) 𝑑𝜏
𝑠 𝑠2 + 9 3 0
𝑡
1 cos(3𝑡 − 3𝜏) 1
= [− ] = (1 − cos 3𝑡)
3 −3 0
9
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QUESTION 3:
The Laplace transform of
1, 0<𝑡<𝑏
𝑓 (𝑡 ) = { }, 𝑓 (𝑡 + 2𝑏) = 𝑓(𝑡)
−1, 𝑏 < 𝑡 < 2𝑏
is

1 bs
a. tanh
𝑠 2
1 bs
b. coth
𝑠 2
1 bs
c. sinh
𝑠 2
1 bs
d. cosh
𝑠 2

Correct Answer: a .

Solution:
The Laplace transform for a periodic function 𝑓 (𝑡) with period 𝑇 is given by
𝑇
1
𝐿 [𝑓(𝑡)] = ∫ 𝑒 −𝑠𝑇 𝑓(𝑡) 𝑑𝑡
1 − 𝑒 −𝑠𝑇 0
2𝑏
1
= ∫ 𝑒 −𝑠𝑡 𝑓 (𝑡) 𝑑𝑡
1 − 𝑒 −2𝑏𝑠 0
𝑏 2𝑏
1 −𝑠𝑡
1
= ∫ 𝑒 𝑑𝑡 + ∫ −𝑒 −𝑠𝑡 𝑑𝑡
1 − 𝑒 −2𝑏𝑠 0 1 − 𝑒 −2𝑏𝑠 𝑏
𝑏 2𝑏
1 𝑒 −𝑠𝑡 1 𝑒 −𝑠𝑡
= [ ] + [ ]
1 − 𝑒 −2𝑏𝑠 −𝑠 0 1 − 𝑒 −2𝑏𝑠 𝑠 𝑏
1 𝑒 −𝑏𝑠 1 1 𝑒 −2𝑏𝑠 𝑒 −𝑏𝑠
= [− + ] + [ − ]
1 − 𝑒 −2𝑏𝑠 𝑠 𝑠 1 − 𝑒 −2𝑏𝑠 𝑠 𝑠
1 𝑒 −𝑏𝑠 1 𝑒 −2𝑏𝑠 𝑒 −𝑏𝑠
= [− + + − ]
1 − 𝑒 −2𝑏𝑠 𝑠 𝑠 𝑠 𝑠
1 1
= −2𝑏𝑠
(1 − 𝑒 −𝑏𝑠 )2
1−𝑒 𝑠
1 (1 − 𝑒 −𝑏𝑠 )2 1 1 − 𝑒 −𝑏𝑠 1 𝑒 𝑏𝑠/2 − 𝑒 −𝑏𝑠/2 1 bs
= −𝑏𝑠 −𝑏𝑠
= −𝑏𝑠
= 𝑏𝑠/2 −𝑏𝑠/2
= tanh
𝑠 (1 − 𝑒 )(1 + 𝑒 ) 𝑠 1 + 𝑒 𝑠𝑒 +𝑒 𝑠 2
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QUESTION 4:
Let the error function is defined as
𝑡
2 2
erf(𝑡) = ∫ 𝑒 −𝑢 𝑑𝑢
√𝜋 0
3
The Laplace transform 𝐿 [erf ( )] =
√𝑡
1+𝑒 6√𝑠
a. 𝑠
1−𝑒 6√𝑠
b. 𝑠
1+𝑒 −6√𝑠
c. 𝑠
1−𝑒 −6√𝑠
d. 𝑠

Correct Answer: d .

Solution:
𝑘 1 − 𝑒 −2𝑘√𝑠
𝐿 [erf ( )] =
√𝑡 𝑠

Here, 𝑘 = 3. Hence

3 1 − 𝑒 −6√𝑠
𝐿 [erf ( )] =
√𝑡 𝑠
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QUESTION 5:
Consider the Laguerre polynomial
𝑒 𝑡 𝑑 4 −𝑡 4
𝐿 4 (𝑡 ) = (𝑒 𝑡 )
4! 𝑑𝑡 4
The Laplace transform 𝐿[𝐿4 (𝑡)] is

(𝑠−1) 5
a. 𝑠5
(𝑠−1) 4
b. 𝑠5
(𝑠−1) 3
c. 𝑠4
(𝑠−1) 4
d. 𝑠4

Correct Answer: b .

Solution:
The Laguerre polynomials are defined as

𝑒 𝑡 𝑑 𝑛 −𝑡 𝑛
𝐿 𝑛 (𝑡 ) = (𝑒 𝑡 )
𝑛! 𝑑𝑡 𝑛
Then, the Laplace transform of 𝐿𝑛 (𝑡) is

(𝑠 − 1)𝑛
𝐿[𝐿𝑛 (𝑡)] =
𝑠 𝑛+1
Therefore,

(𝑠 − 1)4
𝐿[𝐿4 (𝑡)] =
𝑠5
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QUESTION 6:
What is the inverse Laplace transform of
𝑠2 + 𝑠 + 1
𝐹 (𝑠 ) = ?
𝑠2
a. 𝛿 (𝑡 ) + 1 + 𝑡
b. 𝛿 (𝑡 ) − 1 + 𝑡
c. 𝑢𝑎 (𝑡 ) + 1 − 𝑡
d. 𝑢𝑎 (𝑡 ) − 1 − 𝑡

Correct Answer: a .

Solution:

−1 [ −1
𝑠2 + 𝑠 + 1 −1 [ ] −1
1 −1
1
𝐿 𝐹(𝑠)] = 𝐿 [ ] = 𝐿 1 + 𝐿 [ ] + 𝐿 [ ]
𝑠2 𝑠 𝑠2

= 𝛿 (𝑡 ) + 1 + 𝑡
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QUESTION 7:
Solve the initial value problem
𝑑2𝑦 𝑑𝑦
2
−2 + 𝑦 = 0, 𝑦(0) = 0, 𝑦’(0) = 1
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
using the Laplace transform. The solution 𝑦(𝑡) is
a. 𝑒𝑡
b. 𝑡𝑒 𝑡
c. 𝑡𝑒 −𝑡
d. 𝑒 −𝑡

Correct Answer: b .

Solution
Taking the Laplace transform on the differential equation

𝐿 [𝑦”(𝑡)] − 2𝐿[𝑦’(𝑡)] + 𝐿[𝑦(𝑡)] = 0

𝑠 2 𝐿[𝑦] − 𝑠𝑦(0) − 𝑦’(0) − 2[𝑠𝐿[𝑦] − 𝑦(0)] + 𝐿[𝑦(𝑡)] = 0

𝑠 2 𝑌(𝑠) − 1 − 2𝑠𝑌(𝑠) + 𝑌(𝑠) = 0

1 1
𝑌 (𝑠 ) = =
𝑠 2 − 2𝑠 + 1 (𝑠 − 1)2

1
𝐿[ 𝑡 ] =
𝑠2
𝐿[𝑒 𝑎𝑡 𝑓 (𝑡)] = 𝐹(𝑠 − 𝑎)

Hence, 𝐿−1 [𝑌(𝑠)] = 𝑡𝑒 𝑡 = 𝑦(𝑡)

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QUESTION 8:
Solve the following integral equation using Laplace transform
𝑡
𝑡 = ∫ 𝑒 𝑡−𝜏 𝑓 (𝜏)𝑑𝜏
0
𝑓 (𝑡 ) = ?
a. 1+𝑡
b. 1 + 𝑡2
c. 1−𝑡
d. 1 − 𝑡2

Correct Answer: c .

Solution:
Consider
𝑡
𝑡 = ∫ 𝑒 𝑡−𝜏 𝑓 (𝜏)𝑑𝜏
0

Taking Laplace transform on both sides, we get

1 𝑡 ] [ ( )]
1
= 𝐿 [ 𝑒 𝐿 𝑓 𝑡 = 𝐹 (𝑠 )
𝑠2 𝑠−1
𝑠−1 1 1
𝐹 (𝑠 ) = = − 2
𝑠2 𝑠 𝑠
𝑓 (𝑡 ) = 1 − 𝑡
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QUESTION 9:
Solve
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
= 𝑦, =𝑥
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
subject to the initial conditions 𝑥(0) = 1, 𝑦(0) = 1 and choose the correct option.

a. 𝑥(𝑡) = 𝑒 𝑡 , 𝑦(𝑡) = 𝑒 −𝑡
b. 𝑥(𝑡) = 𝑡 + 1, 𝑦(𝑡) = 𝑡 − 1
c. 𝑥(𝑡) = 𝑡 − 1, 𝑦(𝑡) = 𝑡 + 1
d. 𝑥 (𝑡 ) = 𝑒 𝑡 , 𝑦 (𝑡 ) = 𝑒 𝑡

Correct Answer: d .

Solution:
Taking the Laplace transform on both the differential equations

𝑠𝑋(𝑠) − 𝑥(0) = 𝑌(𝑠) (1)

𝑠𝑌 (𝑠) − 𝑦(0) = 𝑋 (𝑠) (2)

𝑠𝑋 (𝑠) − 1 − 𝑌 (𝑠) = 0 (3)

−𝑠𝑋(𝑠) − 𝑠 + 𝑠 2 𝑌 (𝑠) = 0 (4)

Solving (3) and (4), we get

1
𝑌 (𝑠 ) =
𝑠−1
It implies 𝑦(𝑡) = 𝑒 𝑡

1
𝑋 (𝑠 ) =
𝑠−1
It implies 𝑥(𝑡) = 𝑒 𝑡
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QUESTION 10:
Solve
𝑡
𝑑𝑦
+ ∫ 𝑦(𝑢) 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑡, 𝑦 (0) = 1
𝑑𝑡 0
𝑦 (𝑡 ) = ?
a. 1
b. 𝑡
c. 𝑡+1
d. 𝑡−1

Correct Answer: a .

Solution:
Taking Laplace transform

𝑌 (𝑠 ) 1
𝑠𝑌 (𝑠) − 𝑦(0) + = 2
𝑠 𝑠
1 1
𝑌(𝑠) (𝑠 + ) = 2 + 1
𝑠 𝑠
(𝑠 2 + 1) 1 + 𝑠 2
𝑌 (𝑠 ) =
𝑠 𝑠2
1
𝑌 (𝑠 ) =
𝑠

𝑦 (𝑡 ) = 1