Torque and drag model

Version 4

User’s Manual

Pegasus Vertex, Inc.

6100 Corporate Dr., Suite 448
Houston, TX 77036
Tel: 713-981-5558, Fax: 713-981-5556
E-mail: [email protected]
Web: www.pvicom.com
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Table of Contents

I. Introduction
I-1. Background 3
I-2. Theory and Glossary 3
I-3. Engineering Features 4
I-4. Copyright and Disclaimer 5
I-5. Technical Support 5

II. Getting Started

II-1. Hardware and System Requirements 6
II-2. Installing the Software 6
II-3. Licensing the Software 7
II-4. Quick Tour 8

III. Input Windows

III-1. General Information 12
III-2. Survey 14
III-2-1 Copy from Excel Spreadsheet 15
III-2-2 Import from text file 20
III-2-3 Import from PDF file 21
III-2-4 Survey tortuosity 25
III-3. Wellbore 26
III-4. Operation 30
III-5. Fraction Factor (FF) Calibration 32
III-6. Wellbore Schematic 33
III-7. Menu 34

IV. Output Windows

IV-1. Reports 38
IV-2. Engineering charts 41
IV-3. MS Word Reports 47
IV-4. Sensitivity analysis 48
IV-5. Casing flotation 50
IV-6. Tripping animation 51
IV-7. 3D animation - drilling 54

V. Other Windows
V-1. Units 55

VI. References 56

VII. About Pegasus Vertex, Inc. 57

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I. Introduction

I-1. Background

Torque and drag problems are very common during drilling, completion,
and workover operations. Excessive torque and drag in the borehole will result
buckling, failure of pipe or operations.

Pegasus Vertex has developed TADPRO to aid in the calculation of

torque and drag along drill strings or casings for various operations.

I-2. Theory and Glossary

(1) Torque and drag

Torque & drag management for on a drill / casing / liner string is one of the
key issues related to drilling and tripping operations.

Incorporated into TADPRO is a soft string torque and drag model, which
calculates torque and drag (hook load, surface torque) for the following
operations:
(a) Drilling
(b) Back reaming
(c) Slide drilling
(d) Rotation on bottom
(e) Rotation off bottom
(f) Tripping in
(g) Tripping out

For the analysis of the buckling phenomena, TADPRO calculates the onset of
following buckling status:
(a) Sinusoidal buckling
(b) Helical buckling

Output Window has 3 types of load plots:

(a) History graphs: hook load or surface torque at various string depths.
(b) Snap shots: loads (axial drag, torque, lateral force) vs. measured depth
along the pipe at a specified string depth.
(c) Sensitivity analysis: history graphs for various friction factors.

(2) Casing floatation

In Extended Reach Drilling (ERD) wells, the weight of the casing string
may not be sufficient to push the string to the well TD. Casing floatation is one of
the solutions to this problem.

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Floating the bottom portion of the casing reduces the drag against the
wellbore, while filling the upper portion with drilling fluid adds weight to the casing
string to push it into the hole. This feature facilitates running casing in highly
deviated wells and, in many cases, permits successful casing runs that would
otherwise be extremely difficult if not impossible.

The key to this technique lies in selecting the correct proportions of air-
and mud-filled sections and predicting the hook load during the tripping
operations. TADPRO can be used to design and optimize these parameters.

I-3. Engineering Features

3D wellbore / 3D well path visualization

Latest casing bending models
20 sections of pipes and 20 wellbore intervals
Torque and drag (Hook load, surface torque) calculations for:
a) Slack off / pick up
b) with or without rotation
c) Drilling, rotation off bottom
Buckling criteria including:
a) Sinusoidal, b) helical
Multiple friction factors for different wellbore intervals
Casing flotation / Optimal air section length
Tripping animation with force / torque profiles
Extensive tubular database included
Lateral forces
Automatically export results into MS Word.
Allows oil field, SI and customized units

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I-4. Copyright and Disclaimer

TADPRO software and user’s manual are copyrighted (2007) by Pegasus

Vertex, Incorporated. All efforts were made to assure proper operation and
calculation of the TADPRO program. However, due to the inherent complexity of
the analysis, Pegasus Vertex, Incorporated makes no warranties or
representations, either expressed or implied, about the suitability of the software
including the validity, merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose of any
results obtained from the TADPRO program. Pegasus Vertex, Incorporated shall
not be liable for any damages suffered by licensee as a result of using, modifying
or distributing this software or its derivatives.

I-5. Technical Support

For any questions, comments or suggestions on TADPRO, please
contact:
Pegasus Vertex, Inc.
6100 Corporate Dr., Suite 448
Houston, TX 77036
Tel: 713-981-5558
Fax: 713-981-5556

E-mail: [email protected]
Web: www.pvicom.com

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II. Getting Started

II-1. Hardware and System Requirements

In general, any IBM-compatible computers using a Pentium processor with

Microsoft Windows 98, Windows NT, 2000 and XP will be capable of running the
software. Additional resources, such as additional RAM or a faster processor will
greatly improve the performance of the software.

The minimum hardware and system Requirements are listed here:

Computer: PC with Pentium II 400MHz or faster
System: Windows 98, NT, 2000 and XP
Display: 1024 by 768 pixels or higher with small font
MS Office: Office 2000 or later version
Memory: 128 + megabytes of RAM
Disk Space: 20 MB of free disk space

II-2. Installing the Software

TADPRO is shipped on a CD containing necessary files to install the

software.

Insert the TADPRO CD into CD-ROM drive. The installation program will
automatically start the setup process. Follow the on-screen instructions.

After setup, there will be a new program folder in “Programs” of Windows

Start menu. It is called TADPRO and it contains TADPRO executable file.

Please go to the C:\Program Files\TADPRO folder and double click

“hdd32.EXE” to install the drivers for the dongle. You need to plug-in the USB
dongle to run the TADPRO.

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II-3. Licensing the Software (for users with no USB dongle)

Select TADPRO under the TADPRO folder from the Program menu. This
will launch the software.

The default mode of software is the demo mode. User can register the
software with Pegasus Vertex or use the software till it expires. At this time, the
licensed user should click “Register Now” button and obtain the User Code 1 and
Code 2 in the following dialog box.

Then user should send the information to the following address by phone,
e-mail, fax, or mail:

Pegasus Vertex, Inc.

6100 Corporate Dr., Suite 448
Houston, TX 77036
Tel: 713-981-5558; Fax: 713-981-5556
E-mail: [email protected]

Upon receiving the User Code 1 and User Code 2, Pegasus Vertex will provide
the licensed user with register Key 1 and Key 2. User then can enter the register
keys to activate the program.

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II-4. Quick Tour

Install:
1. Insert the TADPRO CD into CD drive. The installation will start automatically.
Run:
2. Double click the TADPRO icon on the desktop to lunch the program.

Input:
3. Choose “Open...” from the File menu and select “Case 1 - drilling.TD4”.
4. Review the input data by clicking the buttons on the left of Input Window and
review each window content in turn (General, Survey, Wellbore, Operation). Also
click the "Wellbore Schematic..." button on toolbar to view the wellbore structure
for this example.

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5. Click the ">" icon on toolbar to perform the calculation.

Output:
6. After calculation, the Output window is loaded as shown in the following
pictures. Click different tabs to view reports and graphs.

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7. From File menu, select “Generate MS Word Report” to export all tables and
graphs to an editable Word document.

8. On the toolbar, there is a button called “Animation”. Clicking it will open

“Tripping animation” window.

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9. Finally, go back to the Input Window and select “Exit” from the File to close the
program.

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III. Input Windows

III-1. General Information

This window provides specific information about the job to identify the
operator, well name, location, date, and miscellaneous comments. These items
are not required and may be left blank if desired. However, they will appear in all
printout for reference purpose only.
User should also select the desired system of units. The default system of
units is English also called US Oil field. Once the user selects the system of
units, program will keep the unit setting in the system, so next time the user open
the program, it will have the same unit setting as in the previous session.
The default logo image, as shown in the low left corner, is that of Pegasus
Vertex, Inc. Licensed user can put his or her own logo image into the program.
Simply create your own logo file with bitmap format and save it to TADPRO
folder with name "userlogo.bmp". Next time you run TADPRO, your logo will
appear in Input Windows and printouts. User also can choose user logo and
client’s logo by clicking the “Logo settings…” button on this window.

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User logo represents the software licensee company. It is normally

displayed in the upper left corner of most printout. This logo is a bitmap file
named "userlogo.bmp" stored with the executable file. This window allows the
user to browse the folders and find right graph for the user logo file.

Client logo represents the client company of software licensee. It is

normally displayed in the upper right corner of most printout. This logo is a
bitmap file named "clientlogo.bmp" stored with the executable file. This window
allows the user to browse the folders and find right graph for the client logo file.

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III-2. Survey

This window provides wellbore trajectory information.

The user may input up to 1000 survey stations. The survey depth in row 1
should be 0 feet or 0 meters. Survey depths must be in ascending order.
Wellbore survey data (measured depth, inclination angle and azimuth
angle) are entered into the first three columns of the table. The values in other
columns are calculated quantities. The yellow background on these columns
denotes they cannot be entered or edited by the user.
The survey data is very important in determining the wellbore trajectory
and doglegs. TADPRO not only uses the inclination angle changes, but also
consider the azimuth angle change to calculate the total dogleg. The survey data
directly affect the lateral load, standoff calculation.

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III-2-1. Copy from Excel Spreadsheet

If the user has survey data in certain electronic format, he or she can
easily copy the survey data from other applications such as MS Excel or Notepad
into TADPRO by following these steps:
(1) Open the survey data file. We are using MS Excel for example.

(2) Highlight the data block containing measured depth, inclination

angle, and azimuth angle.
(3) Click the right mouse button while the mouse pointer is inside the
highlighted area.

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(4) Switch back to the Survey window of TADPRO. Right mouse click
and select “Clear table” to clear the survey table.

(5) In the blank table, click the top-left cell in the table. Then, right-click
the mouse and select the “Paste” to paste the data into the survey
table.

If the original survey data have blank rows, after using the above method
to paste data into TADPRO, the user can simply click “Remove empty lines”
button on the right of the table to remove all the empty rows. Please see the next
2 pictures for illustration.

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Now that the data are pasted into TADPRO, user can save the input data
file. The survey data are part of the input data file.
After the survey input, the user can click “Calculate” button on the right of
the survey table and view graphs on the wellbore trajectory. These graphs
include (1) Plane view,(2) section view, (3) 3D view, and (4) Dogleg as shown in
the following graphs:

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User can also preview and print out wellbore trajectory; data table and
graphs by clicking the “Print survey file” button in the toolbar immediately above
the survey table to preview the printouts. See the picture below.

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III-2-2 Import from text file

If the survey information is contained in a text file, TADPRO provides a
easy way to extract survey information from it.

The benefit of this feature is that user can retrieve any survey information
no matter how the data columns are separated with various delimiters.

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III-2-3 Import from PDF file

If the survey information is contained in a PDF file, TADPRO provides a
easy way to extract survey information from it.

Sometimes, PDF file contains multiple pages of information. TADPRO is

smart enough to select data blocks from each page and highlight them. The
highlighted rows are listed at the text box at the bottom and user can change
them.

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User can have 3 ways to obtain the survey data from PDF file. The 1st one
is to automatically open the PDF file and let the program talk with PDF Reader.
The 2nd way is to manually select the file and open it. Then, after selecting all the
contents in PDF file, copy them and close the PDF file. The contents will be
pasted into the table.
However, these 2 methods have some limitations because communicating
from TADPRO with PDF Reader is not always smooth, due to various factors
such as different versions of PDF Readers. So, TADPRO has another way of
obtaining the data. That is called “Paste and select”. This requires the user to
open a desired PDF file and select all the contents and copy them. Then, close
the PDF Reader and come to TADPRO and click the “Paste and select” button.
The program is smart enough to study the data pasted and highlight all the data
block related to survey information.
TADPRO is equipped with a feature of 3D well path visualization. After
the survey data is in place, user can click the “Calculate” button to obtain the well
path. Then click the “3D path view” button to open a separate window with 3D
well path visualization. See the picture below.

User can click the “Setup” button on the toolbar to change the way the 3D
well path is presented.

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Other toolbar items:

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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

These toolbar functions are:

1. Exit the 3D well path visualization
2. Rotate the 3D graph.
3. Move the 3D graph.
4. Zoom in and out on 3D graph.
5. Capture the current screen to paste to MS Offices
6. Start to rotating the 3D well path (click the same button to stop)
7. Show the 3D well path at the default angle.
8. Help on key stroke
9. Change the representative diameter of the path
10. Select the action performed by pressing the right mouse button.

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III-2-4 Survey tortuosity

For a post-analysis, the survey data from field measurement is normally
known. However, at design stage, the survey data are only those points from a
planned well path, which is smooth and the dogleg severities are only from the
build and turn rates. To make the ideal well path (smooth) more realistic (rough),
methods have been developed to apply artificial roughness “tortuosity” to smooth
well path. One of the tortuosity methods is adding a sinusoidal variation to both
inclination and azimuth of a planned path with certain amplitude and period. The
following graph illustrates the original and tortured survey for the vertical section.

Well path tortuosity and friction factor affect the torque and drag analysis
differently. While friction factor is some time used as an all encompassing "fudge
factor" to take into account all unknown conditions, it has its limitations. It is
necessary to use both to achieve more logic and realistic prediction.

Generally speaking, the higher friction factor will yield higher torque and
drag. However, in a vertical section, the calculated normal force will be zero. At
this condition, there won’t be any drag or torque variation even we increase
friction factor. At this condition, friction factor will fail to act as "fudge factor" to
calibrate the field measurement.

For this and more logic consideration, it is desired to torture the well path
to reflect the actual drilling condition. The mathematically smooth well path is not
realistic, because there is no absolute vertical well in the field. Even with the field
measured survey data, sometime the points above the kick off point are not
included in the survey data. It is necessary to introduce the tortuosity for different
well path sections.

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III-3. Wellbore

This window asks the user to input wellbore intervals, pipe configuration.
There are 2 ways of defining friction factors: with wellbore intervals or with
each pipe section.

If the user chooses to specify the friction factor for wellbore intervals, he
needs to input these values together with interval description, ID and bottom
measured depth. Up to 20 different wellbore intervals can be specified. If casing
ID is unknown, click the "Database" button beside the table to open the Tubular
database window. Note that the wellbore intervals are input from top down.
User can also choose to input the friction factor for each string. This is to
consider the situation when special drag or torque reduction tools (with low FF)
are installed on certain pipe components. In this case, program needs to know
the FFs for cased and open hole section for that pipe. Program will keep tracking
of the locations of each pipe and calculate the torque and drag accordingly,
because the pipe with tool is moving along the well and it is necessary to know
how long the pipe is in cased hole and how long is in open hole intervals.

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Below the wellbore interval table is the pipe list table. The first row in the
table is the top section of all pipe components. User inputs other sections of pipe
from top down. For example, when running liner using a drill pipe, the top row
will be for drill pipe, and the bottom row will be for liner itself, as shown in above
picture.
TADPRO can handle up to 50 different pipe components. User can
specify the pipe properties for that particular pipe component (the one with black
rectangular box in the pipe list table).
In the pipe list table, user needs to give a description and the section
length of each pipe component. Program requires that the total length of pipes
equals to wellbore TD, i.e. the measured depth of the last wellbore interval in
Wellbore Window. To assist the user to calculate the corresponding section
length, TADPRO has a button “Adj. current pipe len.” If user clicks this button,
the program will modify the section length of the current pipe component so that
the total length of all pipes equals to the well TD.
The traveling block weight is the weight that is subtracted from hook load
to derive actual string weight.
Pipe dimensions can be entered directly into the pipe property table or
utilizing the database "Database..." button, clicking which will open an extensive
on-line database of drill-string, casing and tubing

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Choose the desired one and click "Accept" to place dimensions in Input
Window.
Once user finishes the wellbore and pipe input, he could click the
"Wellbore schematic" button on toolbar to view the wellbore schematic. See
"Wellbore Schematic" in "Input Windows" for details.

At various places in Input Window, there are small buttons with caption “!”.
These are “quick-fill” buttons, which allows the user to quickly fill certain cells with
default values.

User can click the “?” button above the wellbore interval table to get the
suggestions on friction factor selection.

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This window also asks for “open hole starting interval index”. This input
serves 3 purposes:

(1) Friction factor (FF) sensitivity analysis – Normally, FF for cased hole
can be estimated, but the FFs for open hole intervals are more difficulty to
determine. To perform sensitivity analysis for FF, program needs to know
the interval to vary the FF. This index is used for this purpose.

(2) Friction factor (FF) Calibration – This feature is illustrated in III-5.

Fraction Factor (FF) Calibration. To perform FF Calibration, program
needs to know the interval to vary the FF. This index is used for this
purpose.

(3) Define FF for each string – TADPRO allows the user to either input the
FF for wellbore intervals or for each string. For the 2nd option, TADPRO
will ask the user to input the 2 FFs for each string, one for cased hole, one
for open hole. This index is used to let the program know the starting
intervals of open hole intervals.

Note that friction factor is the representation of the friction between the
wellbore/casing and the drill string. It is dependent on (1) mud type, (2) contact
surfaces (formation type or tool joint material), (3) cutting concentration, and
other conditions.

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III-4. Operation

This window allows the user to define the fluids in the wellbore system and
operation parameters.
Mud weights affect buoyancy of the drill string and hook load at surface.
User can change the colors of fluids inside and outside of pipes. These colors
will be used in the pipe tripping animation.
TADPRO simulates the following 7 operations:
(1) Drilling (2) Back reaming
(3) Slide drilling (4) (4) rotation on bottom
(5) rotation off bottom (6)Tripping in (7) Tripping out

The explanations of these operations and some abbreviations can be

found in “Abbreviation…” under Help menu.

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The pipe end drag and torque are the operational parameters and loads at
the bottom of the pipes. These values are primarily associated with stabilizers or
logging tools. They are used as the bottom boundary conditions, from which the
torque and drag are calculated upward along the drill string in sections.
To simulate drilling operations, specify the weight on bit and torque on bit.
If the casing flotation is used, the user can click the “Consider casing
flotation” check box and input the desired air section length. “Maxi. air section
length” is used to obtain the sensitivity of hook load to various air section lengths.
If there are brushes attached on pipe, TADPRO calculates the brush
pushing force and rotating torque associated with these tools. User needs to
input the necessary lab testing parameters.

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III-5. Friction Factor (FF) Calibration

Under the Calculate menu, there is a menu item called “Friction factor (FF)
calibration”. Clicking it will open the above window.

Friction factor (FF) calibration methods:

(1) From hook load of drilling without rotation
(2) From hook load of backreaming without rotation
(3) From surface torque of rotation on bottom
(4) From surface torque of rotation off bottom

User can pick up a string depth and use one of the above methods to
determine the friction factor in a particular wellbore interval, normally being the
open hole section.

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III-6. Wellbore Schematic

Once user finishes the wellbore and pipe input, he can click the "Wellbore
schematic" button on toolbar to view the wellbore schematic.

Wellbore Schematic allows the user to view the input data graphically.
User can zoom-in the picture and copy or print it.

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III-7. Menu
You can use menus and toolbars to give TADPRO instructions about what
you want to do.
A menu displays a list of commands. Menus are located on the menu bar
at the top of the window. The menu system in TADPRO is typical of Windows
applications. Most functions are self-explanatory as shown in the following
picture. There are 5 menus available in Input Window:
File Menu

The File menu contains commands for creating, retrieving, saving and
printing input data and quick retrieval of previously opened files. The functions of
the individual menu items are:
1. "New" clears all input entries for creating a new data file.
2. "Open..." opens a dialog box for exploring the file system for TADPRO
input data files with the extension “CP2”.
3. "Save" replaces the existing input data file with the current input data as
shown on the screen. No prompt is given before overwriting the existing file.
4. "Save As..." saves the current input data under a different file name. A
dialog box is opened to let the user specify the drive, directory, and name of the
input data file. Program supports long file name.
5. "Print Preview" shows the preview of the printout of the input data.
6. "Print" prints the current input data file on the default printer. To select
another printer, choose from “Print Setup...” dialog box.
7. Menu items below "Print" represents recently used files, which you have
most recently opened in this program. Click to quickly reopen one of these files.
8. "Exit" closes this program after prompting you to save any unsaved files.

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Calculate Menu

The Calculate menu is used to launch TADPRO calculations or perform

friction factor calibration. Click “Start calculation” after all input data are entered.
Utilities Menu

The Utilities menu includes:

1. "Unit setting..." opens the Unit Setting window for selecting standard
English or metric units, or a combination of English and metric units.
2. "Unit conversion..." opens the Unit Conversion window for converting
between different unit.
3. "Logo setting..." opens logo selection window.
4. "Calculator…" launches Windows' standard calculator application.
5. "Notepad…" launches Windows' standard Notepad application.
Table Menu

The Table menu is used to perform editing functions for various tables in
the program.

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Language Menu

The language menu includes:

1. "English" sets all captions in English.
2. "Chinese" sets all captions in Chinese (under development).
3. "Spanish" sets all captions in Spanish (under development).
Help Menu

The Help menu provides on-line assistance for running the software.
1. "About..." opens the About window, which displays the version number
and other information of TADPRO along with your computer hardware
information.

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2. "Disclaimer..." displays the program disclaimer.

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IV. Output Windows

IV-1. Reports
(1) Report – History
The history report displays the hook load and surface torque at
different string depths for slack off, rotation off bottom (ROB) or static and
pick up operations.

(2) Report – Profiles

In the next tab under “Tables”, user can view the force and torque
profile along the pipe at various string depths by moving the sliding bar.

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(3) WOB vs. hook load for drilling

This table shows the relationship of hook load and WOB for a
particular drilling condition. This shows the overall drillibility of the well.

(4) Tension vs. hook load for backreaming

This table shows the relationship of hook load and tension at
bottom and at particular point on the pipe. This assumes that the pipe is
stuck at the bottom and you start to pull the pipe at the surface.

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All tables can be selected and copied. To copy the entire or certain
portion of the table, highlight the corresponding table and click the right mouse
button. The pop-up menu item called “Copy selection in the table” will show up.
Clicking it will copy the highlighted portion of table to clipboard. User then can
paste it to such applications like MS Word, etc.

TADPRO can generate MS Word report automatically. From File menu, user
can select “Generate MS Word Report” to export all tables and graphs to an
editable Word document. The size of generated Word document is about 400K.
User can easily modify and e-mail it to clients. graphs to an editable Word
document.

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IV-2. Engineering charts

In the Output window, there are 8 engineering graphs, including 2

sensitivity analysis graphs if it is selected.

Hook load vs. string depth.

Note that this is a surface hook load history vs. string depth for various
operations.
Surface torque vs. string depth.

Note that this is a surface torque history vs. string depth for various
operations.

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Side force profile

This is “snap shot” of the lateral force distribution along the pipe when the
string reaches the TD.
Torque profile

This is “snap shot” of the torque distribution along the pipe when the string
reaches the TD.

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Axial drag profiles and buckling limits

This is “snap shot” of the axial drag distribution along the pipe for slack off
/ drilling operations when the string reaches the TD. Note that the program also
calculates the buckling criteria including 1) sinusoidal buckling, 2) helical buckling.
Axial force profile – pick up

This is “snap shot” of the axial drag distribution along the pipe for pick up
operation when the string reaches the TD. Note that the program also displays
the tension limit.

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WOB vs. hook load for drilling

This graph shows the relationship of hook load and WOB for a particular
drilling condition - the overall drillibility of the well.
Tension vs. hook load for backreaming

This graph shows the relationship of hook load and tension at bottom and
at particular point on the pipe. This assumes that the pipe is stuck at the bottom
and you start to pull the pipe at the surface.

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If “Packer setting analysis” in Wellbore page of Input Window is selected,

then the program will also display the drag and torque at specified place on the
pipe. There are one table and 2 graphs for this analysis.

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User can customize the graph setting and items to be included in MS

Word report by clicking the “Graph setting” button on the toolbar.

The user can customize all attributes of graph including titles and layouts by
right clicking on the graph of interest to open the Graph Control window.

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IV-3. MS Word reports

TADPRO can generate 2 types of MS Word report: (1) 2-page summary,

or (2) detailed report.

The 1st button on the toolbar is to generate 2 page summary, while the 2nd
button is to generate full, detailed report.

(1) 2-page summary (2) Full report

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IV-4. Sensitivity analysis

If “Include friction factor sensitivity analysis” in Wellbore page of Input
Window is selected, user can view more detailed graphs of sensitivity analysis by
clicking the “sensitivity analysis” button on the toolbar. This will open up the
Sensitivity Analysis Window.

This window allows the user to view the load profiles along the pipe when
the string depth is varying from surface to TD. Note that these profiles are
dynamically changing when the string is moving along the wellbore.

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IV-5. Casing flotation

If “Consider casing flotation” check box in the Operation page of Input

Window box is selected, user can view impacts of air section length on hook load
by clicking the “casing flotation” button on the toolbar. This will open up the
Casing Flotation Window.

Hook load (slack off) vs. string depth for various air section length:

Hook load at certain depth vs. air section length (sensitivity analysis):

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IV-6. Tripping animation

On the toolbar, there is a button called “Animation”. Clicking it will open

“Tripping animation” window.

Clicking through the tabs to view all the corresponding graphs.

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Clicking the “Start” button to show the pipe moving animation.

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In the 1st tab, user can click the “Deviated wellbore preview” button within
the plotting area, a wellbore schematic with the summary data at that string
depth will be displayed as shown below.

User can also view the load profile for each string depth by clicking the
“Report” button within the plotting area.

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IV-7. 3D animation - drilling

TADPRO is equipped with a more advanced visualization tool called 3D

tripping animation. User can click the button on the toolbar to open this window.

The 3D tripping animation not only shows the pipe/wellbore configuration

at different string depth, but also shows the buckling status of pipe.

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V. Other Windows
V-1. Units
Select "Customized" to make changes to any of the units. Pulling down
the drop-down box attached to each quantity accesses allowable options for
each quantity.

The "Convert" button will convert between different units.

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VI. References
1. C.A. Johancsik, et al, “Torque and Drag in Directional Wells –
Prediction and Measurement”, SPE Reprint Series, No. 30, Directional Drilling,
1990 Edition, Page 130
2. Dawson, Rapier and Paslay, P.R., “Drillpipe Buckling in Inclined Holes,”
SPE Reprint Series, No. 30, Directional Drilling, 1990 Edition, Page 148
3. Jiang Wu and H.C. Juvkam-Wold, “Drilling and Completing Horizontal
Wells with Coiled Tubing”, SPE 26336, October 1993.
4. Jiang Wu and H.C. Juvkam-Wold, “Coiled Tubing Buckling Implication
in Drilling and Completing Horizontal Wells”, SPE DC, March 1995, Vol. 10, No. 1,
Page 16-21.
5. Bourgoyne, A.T., Jr., et al., 1986: Applied Drilling Engineering, Society
of Petroleum Engineers, Richardson, Texas.

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VII. About Pegasus Vertex, Inc.

Pegasus Vertex, Inc. (PVI) is an engineering consulting and software company

specializing in computer modeling of drilling and completion operations for
petroleum industry. Our software products are born from the marriage of cutting-
edge petroleum innovations and state-of-the-art computer technologies.
Together with our software products, a big portion of our business is software
customization for our clients.
Equipped with software development strength and sound petroleum engineering
skills, we are confident to provide our customers with not only what we have, but
also what they want.
For more information on PVI’s software, services and capabilities, visit us on the
Internet at
http://www.pvicom.com
or contact us in Houston, Texas by:
Pegasus Vertex, Inc.
6100 Corporate Dr., Suite 448
Houston, TX 77036
Tel: 713-981-5558; Fax: 713-981-5556
E-mail: [email protected]

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