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Shannon and Weaver Model of Communication

The document discusses the Shannon-Weaver model of communication developed in 1948 by Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver. It outlines the key components of the model including information source, transmitter, receiver, message, encoder, decoder, channel, and noise. It then provides an example of how noise during transmission between a sender and receiver disrupted the communication. The document also describes criticisms of the model, such as it being better suited to person-to-person rather than mass communication.

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Santiago Jr Kadusale
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1K views

Shannon and Weaver Model of Communication

The document discusses the Shannon-Weaver model of communication developed in 1948 by Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver. It outlines the key components of the model including information source, transmitter, receiver, message, encoder, decoder, channel, and noise. It then provides an example of how noise during transmission between a sender and receiver disrupted the communication. The document also describes criticisms of the model, such as it being better suited to person-to-person rather than mass communication.

Uploaded by

Santiago Jr Kadusale
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Shannon and Weaver Model of

Communication
In 1948, Shannon was an American mathematician, Electronic engineer and Weaver was an
American scientist both of them join together to write an article in “Bell System Technical
Journal” called “A Mathematical Theory of Communication” and also called as “Shannon-
Weaver model of communication”.

This model is specially designed to develop the effective communication between sender and
receiver. Also they find factors which affecting the communication process called “Noise”. At
first the model was developed to improve the Technical communication. Later it’s widely applied
in the field of Communication.

The model deals with various concepts like Information source, transmitter, Noise, channel,
message, receiver, channel, information destination, encode and decode.

Sender :  The originator of message or the information source selects desire message
Encoder : The transmitter which converts the message into signals
Note: The sender’s messages converted into signals like waves or Binary data which is
compactable to transmit the messages through cables or satellites. For example: In telephone
the voice is converted into wave signals and it transmits through cables
Decoder : The reception place of the signal which converts signals into message. A reverse
process of encode
Note : The receiver converts those binary data or waves into message which is comfortable and
understandable for receiver. Otherwise receiver can’t receive the exact message and it will affect
the effective communication between sender and receiver
Receiver : The destination of the message from sender
Note : Based on the decoded message the receiver gives their feed back to sender. If the
message distracted by noise it will affect the communication flow between sender and receiver
Noise:  The messages are transferred from encoder to decoder through channel. During this
process the messages may distracted or affected by physical noise like horn sounds, thunder and
crowd noise or encoded signals may distract in the channel during the transmission process
which affect the communication flow or the receiver may not receive the correct message
Note : The model is clearly deals with external noises only which affect the messages or signals
from external sources. For example: If there is any problems occur in network which directly
affect the mobile phone communication or distract the messages
Practical Example of  Shannon-Weaver model of communication :
Thomson made call to his assistant “come here I want to see you”.  During his call, noise
appeared (transmission error) and his assistant received “I want” only. Again Assistant asked
Thomson (feedback) “what do you want Thomson”.

Sender       :   Thomson

Encoder     :   Telephone (Thomson)

Channel     :   Cable

Noise          :   Distraction in voice

Reception  :   Telephone (Assistant)

Receiver     :   Assistant.

Due to transmission error or noise, Assistant can’t able to understand Thomson’s messages.

*The noise which affect the communication flow between them.

Criticism of Shannon-Weaver model of communication :


1.       One of the simplest model and its general applied in various communication theories
2.       The model which attracts both academics of Human communication and Information
theorist to leads their further research in communication
3.       It’s more effective in person-to-person communication than group or mass audience
4.       The model based on “Sender and Receiver”. Here sender plays the primary role and
receiver plays the secondary role (receive the information or passive)
5.       Communication is not a one way process.  If it’s behaved like that, it will lose its strength.
For example: Audience or receiver who listening a radio, reading the books or watching
television is a one way communication because absence of feedback
6.       Understanding Noise will helps to solve the various problems in communication

Berlo's SMCR Model of


Communication
In 1960, David Berlo postulated Berlo's Sender-Message-Channel-Receiver (SMCR)
Model of Communication from Shannon Weaver's Model of Communication (1949). He
described factors affecting the individual components in the communication making
the communication more efficient. This model also focuses on encoding and
decoding which happens before sender sends the message and before receiver
receives the message respectively.

Components of Berlo's Model of


Communication
Berlo's Model has mainly, four components to describe the communication process.
They aresender, message, channel and receiver. Each of the component is affected by
many factors.
S -Sender
Sender is the source of the message or the person who originates the message.
The person or source sends the message to the receiver. The following are the
factor related to sender and is also the same in the case of receiver:
 Communication Skills:
Communication skills of a person is a factor that affects the communication
process. If the sender has good communication skills, the message will be
communicated better than if the sender's communication skills are not good.
Similarly, if the receiver can not grasp the message, then the communication will
not be effective. Communication skills include the skills to speak, present, read,
write, listening, etc.
 Attitude:
The attitude of the sender and the receiver creates the effect of the message.
The person's attitude towards self, the receiver and the environment changes the
meaning and effect of the message.
 Knowledge:
Familiarity with the subject of the message makes the communicated message
have its effect more. Knowledge on the subject matter makes the communicator
send the message effectively.
 Social Systems:
Values, beliefs, laws, rules, religion and many other social factors affect the
sender's way of communicating the message. It creates difference in the
generation of message. Place and situation also fall under social systems.
 Culture:
Cultural differences make messages different. A person from one culture might
find something offensive which is very much accepted in another culture.
Berlo's SMCR Model of Communication

In 1960, David Berlo postulated Berlo's Sender-Message-Channel-Receiver (SMCR) Model of


Communication from Shannon Weaver's Model of Communication (1949). He described factors affecting
the individual components in the communication making the communication more efficient. This model
also focuses on encoding and decoding which happens before sender sends the message and before
receiver receives the message respectively.

Components of Berlo's Model of Communication

Berlo's Model has mainly, four components to describe the communication process. They are sender,
message, channel and receiver. Each of the component is affected by many factors.

berlo model of communication


S -Sender

Sender is the source of the message or the person who originates the message. The person or source
sends the message to the receiver. The following are the factor related to sender and is also the same in
the case of receiver:

Communication Skills:

Communication skills of a person is a factor that affects the communication process. If the sender has
good communication skills, the message will be communicated better than if the sender's
communication skills are not good. Similarly, if the receiver can not grasp the message, then the
communication will not be effective. Communication skills include the skills to speak, present, read,
write, listening, etc.

Attitude:

The attitude of the sender and the receiver creates the effect of the message. The person's attitude
towards self, the receiver and the environment changes the meaning and effect of the message.

Knowledge:

Familiarity with the subject of the message makes the communicated message have its effect more.
Knowledge on the subject matter makes the communicator send the message effectively.

Social Systems:

Values, beliefs, laws, rules, religion and many other social factors affect the sender's way of
communicating the message. It creates difference in the generation of message. Place and situation also
fall under social systems.

Culture:

Cultural differences make messages different. A person from one culture might find something offensive
which is very much accepted in another culture.

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