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What I Need to Know

In this module, you will learn how to differentiate between algebraic

expressions, equations and inequalities, illustrate linear equation in one variable,
and find the solution of linear equation or inequality in one variable. You will deal
with finding the unknown value of a variable that will make an equation true or
false. You will try to prove if the value/s from a replacement set is/are solution/s
to an equation or inequality. In addition, this lesson will help you think logically
via guess and check even if rules for solving equations are not yet introduced.
In this lesson you will learn to:
 differentiate algebraic expressions, equations and inequalities; (M7AL-IIh– 3)
 illustrate linear equation and inequality in one variable; (M7AL-IIh – 4)
 find the solution of linear equation or inequality in one variable. (M7AL-IIi– 1)

What’s In
Activity 1. Direction. Identify whether each equation or inequality is TRUE or
FALSE. Write your answer on the space provided for.
1. 2x = 10, if x = 5 _________

2. x + 3 = 5, if x = 2 _________

3. x – 4 = 3, if x = –7 _________

4. x – 4 ≥ 3 if x = 7 _________

5. x > 3, if x = 5 _________

Example of Linear Equation Example of Inequality

In One Variable In One Variable
2x – 3 = 1 2x – 3 < 1
y + 5 = 12 y + 5 > 12
3x + 7 =10 3x + 7 ≤ 10
4y – 3 = 2 4y – 3 ≥ 2

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 An equation is a mathematical sentence involving numbers or symbols
representing numbers, where the verb “equals” (=) is used.
An inequality is a mathematical sentence where the verb is one the following:
Less than(<), greater than(>), less than or equal to(≤), greater than or equal to(≥), or
not equal(≠).
KEY IDEAS

 An algebraic expression is a mathematical phrase that uses variables,

numerals, and operation symbols.
 An algebraic equation is a mathematical sentence with an equal sign (=) which
shows that two expressions on either side are equal.
 An inequality is a mathematical statement where one algebraic expression is
not equal to another algebraic expression.

What’s New
Activity 2. Direction: The table below shows three columns: A, B and C.
Column A contains algebraic expressions and Column B contains algebraic
equations while Column C contains inequalities. Compare the items under
each column and answer the questions that follow. Write your correct answer
on your answer sheet.
Column A Column B Column C
(Algebraic expressions) (Algebraic equations) (Inequalities)

2x + 5 2x + 5 = 9 2x + 5 > 8
x– 3 x–3=8 x – 3 < 10
x +7 y + 7 = 12 y + 7 ≥ 12
3y – 1 3y – 1 = 5 3y – 1 ≤ 5
x+8 x + 8 = 12 x + 8 ≠ 14
1) How are items in Column B differ from that of Column A?
2) How are items in Column B differ from that of Column C?
3) What symbol is common in all items of Column B?
4) What are the inequality symbols used in Column C?
5) Identify the following examples if it is an algebraic expression, algebraic
equation or inequality.
a. 8x +12 = 25 ____________________
b. 3y – 5 =18 ____________________
c. Y + 12 > 15 ____________________

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 d. 2a – 7 < 26 ____________________
e. 3y + 21 ____________________

Recall that equations and inequalities differ in the symbols used to

connect the left and the right side of the equation or inequality.

Types of Equations:
1. 3 + 5 = 8 is a true equation.
2. 3 + 5 = 9 is a false equation.
3. x + 5 = 10 is a conditional or open equation
4. 3x + 5x = is an identity
8x
Types of Inequalities:
Inequality What It Example of
Inequalities Mathematical Sentences
Symbol Means
< is less than 2+3<7 The sum of two and three is less than 7.

is less than or The sum of twice a number x and four is less

≤ equal to 2x + 4 ≤ 10 than or equal to ten.

> is greater than 9–x>4 Nine minus a number x is greater than 4.

≥ is greater than 7x ≥ 20 Seven times a number x is greater than or

or equal to equal to 20.

≠ is not equal to 12 – 8 ≠ 9 Twelve minus eight is not equal to 9.

As seen from types of equations and inequalities above, when a

mathematical sentence contains a variable, it becomes an open mathematical
sentence.
Illustrative Examples:

A. 3x = 9 The statement is neither true or false since x may represent

any number.
If x = 2, then 3x = 9 is false because 3(2) ≠ 9.
If x = 3, then 3x = 9 is true because 3(3) = 9.

B. x–4<3 The statement is neither true or false.

If x = 6, then x – 4 < 3 is true because 6 – 4 < 3 or 2 < 3.
If x = 10, then x – 4 < 3 is false because 10 – 4 < 3 or 6 < 3.

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 What is it
Activity 3. Complete the following table by placing a check mark on the cells
that correspond to x values that make the given equation or inequality true.
Equations/Inequalities x = 1 x=2 x=3 x=– 2

x+5=8

2x – 1 = 3

x–4<7

3x + 5 ≥ 8

In the table, are there any examples of linear equations that have more
than one solutions?
In our previous activities, we knew that a mathematical equation with one
variable was similar to a complete sentence. For example, the equation x + 5 =
8 could be expressed as, “The sum of a number x and 5 is eight.” This equation
or statement may or may not be true depending on the value of x. In our
example, the statement x + 5 = 8 is true if x = 3, but not if x = 4. We call x =
3 a solution to the mathematical equation x + 5 = 8. A solution or root of the
equation is a value of the variable that makes an equation a true statement.
Mathematical inequalities like a mathematical equation, may either be
true or false. For example, x – 4 < 7 is true when x = 6 or when x = 0 but not
when x = 16 or when x = 25. All possible values of x that make the inequality
true are the solutions to the inequality.
Example: Determine if the given values of x are solutions to the equation
2x – 5 = 7 ; if x = 6 if x = 3

If x =6 in 2x – 5 =7 then, If x =3 in 2x – 5 =7 then,

2(6) – 5 = 7 2(3) – 5 = 7
12 – 5 = 7 6 – 5=7
7 = 7 (TRUE) 1 ≠ 7 (FALSE)
Therefore, 6 is a solution of the Therefore, 3 is NOT a solution of
equation 2x – 5 = 7. the equation 2x – 5 = 7.

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 What’s More
Solution Set of Simple Equations and Inequalities in One Variable from a
Replacement Set
Remember that in an open sentence, like x + 7 = 11 and x – 2 > 8 the
variable must be replaced in order to determine whether the sentence is true or
false. The value(s) that would replace the variable will be taken from a
replacement set. In the previous activity, we saw that linear equations in one
variable would have a unique solution, but linear inequalities in one variable
would have many solutions.
The following examples further illustrate this idea.
Example 1. Given x + 3 = 10 proves that only one of the elements of the
replacement set {–7, –3, 7, 9, } satisfies the equation.

If x = –7 If x = –3 If x = 7 If x = 9
x + 3 = 10 x + 3 = 10 x + 3 = 10 x + 3 = 10
-7 + 3 = 10 –3 + 3 = 10 7 + 3 = 10 9 + 3 = 10
–4 ≠ 10 (false) 0 ≠ 10 (false) 10 = 10 (true) 12 ≠ 10 (false)
Therefore, –7 is not Therefore, –3 is not Therefore, 7 is a Therefore, 9 is not
a solution. a solution. solution. a solution.
The value 7 from the replacement set makes the equation x + 3 =10
true. Therefore, we proved that only one element in the replacement set
satisfied the equation.
Example 2. Given, x – 2 > 5, determine the element/s of the
replacement set { 3, 5, 8, 12 } that satisfy the
inequality. 5
If x = 3 If x = 5 If x = 8 If x = 12
x–2>5 x–2>55 x–2>5 x – 2 > 5 12
3–2>5 –2>5 8–2>5 –2>5
1>5 (false) 3 > 5 (false) 6>5 (true) 10 > 5 (true)

Therefore, 3 is not Therefore, 5 is not Therefore, 8 is a Therefore, 12 is a

a solution. a solution. solution. solution.
The inequality x – 2 > 5 was satisfied if x = 8, or 12. The inequality was
not satisfied when x = 3 or 5. Therefore, there are 2 elements in the
replacement set that are solutions to the inequality.

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Activity 4. Direction: Match the equation or inequality under Column A to
the solutions under Column B. Remember that in inequalities there can be
more than one solutions.
Column A Column B
1. x + 3 = 15 a. x ≥ 40
2. y + 5 > 15 b. y=6
3. 2y = 12 c. x=7
4. x–2=5 d. y > 10
5. x + 8 ≥ 48 g. x = 12

Remember:
A solution of an equation is any value of the variable that when substituted for
the variable makes the two sides of the equation equal.
Replacement set is a set from which the value of the variable is taken.
To solve an equation or an inequality is to find its solution set. There are
different ways to solve equations in one variable, like the guess-and-check method also
known as the trial and error method, cover-up method, mental mathematics, and using
the properties of equality.

To solve an equation or inequality means to find its solution set. There

are different ways to solve equations of the form ax + b = c, where a, b and c
are constants and x is the variable.
Illustrative Examples:
1. Consider the equation 2x + 6 = 14 using the guess-and-check
method.
In this method, one guesses and substitutes values to see if a true equation
results.
Equation: 2x + 6 = 14 Checking:
If x=1 2(1) + 6 ≠ 14 Substitute x = 4 to the equation
If x=2 2(2) + 6 ≠ 14 2x + 6 = 14
If x=3 2(3) + 6 ≠ 14 2(4) + 6 = 14
If x=4 2(4) + 6 = 14 8 + 6 = 14
Therefore, 4 is a solution. 14 = 14

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 2. Consider the equation 2x + 6 = 14 using the cover-up method.
In this method, one covers up the term with the variables. Thus, the result in a
true statement, the must be 8.
2x + 6 = 14 + 6 = 14
Therefore, 2x must be 8, and x must be 4, since 2(4) = 8
Activity 5. Direction: Identify which of the following is a solution of the given
linear equation. Choose and write the correct answer on your
answer sheet.
Equation Solution Set

1) x+ 8 = 13 x= 4 x= –4 x= 5

2) x– 5 = 6 x = 11 x=1 x = – 11

3) x – 3 = 4 x=7 x=–7 x=1

4) 3x + 6 = 12 x=2 x=3 x=5

5) 4x – 2 = – 18 x=–4 x=4 x = 10

What I Have Learned

On a sheet of paper, summarize what you have learned from this lesson.

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 What I Can Do
Problem Solving
Consider the following verbal sentences and find the value of the unknown.
1. A number increased by 6 is 15. Find the number.
The first sentence can be translated into mathematical equations as:
A number increased by 6 is
15. x + 6
=15
Solving the equation by cover-up method, we have:
x + 6 = 15
+ 6 = 15
9 + 6 = 15
Therefore, the number is 9.
2. The sum of two numbers is 12. If the first number is 8, what is the
second number?
Let x be the second number. Since the first number is 8, then, the
equation is 8 + x =12. Solve the equation using the guess-and-check
method:
If x = 2, then, 8 + 2 ≠ 12
If x = 3, then, 8 + 3 ≠ 12
If x = 4, then, 8 + 4 = 12
Therefore, the second number is 4.
Activity 6. Verbal Problems. Write your solution on your answer sheet.
1. A number increased by twelve is 30. Find the number.
2. The sum of twice a number and 5 is 23. Find the number.

Assessment
Directions: Solve the following equations and inequalities in one variable.
Choose and write the letter of the correct answer from the given choices on
your answer sheet.

1. What value of x satisfies the equation x + 12 = 25?

A. 10 B. 12 C. 13 D. 14
2. Solve for the value of y in the equation y – 20 = 4.

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 A. 20 B. 24 C. 18 D. 34
3. Find the value of x in the equation 3x – 5 = 25.
A. 10 B. 9 C. 8 D. 14
4. Which of the following equations has 5 as the solution?
A. x + 5 = 15 B. 2x – 5 = 10 C. 2x + 5 = 10 5. D. 2x – 5 = 5
What solution set that will satisfy the inequality 3y + 2 ≤ 8?
A. {3, 4, 5, 6,7 } B. {2, 1, 0, -1, -2 } C. {4, 5, 6, 7, 8} D. {2, 4, 6, 8 }
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ANSWER KEY

What’s In
Activity 1 What’s More (Activity4) What’s More (Activity5)
1.G 1.x=5
1. True
2.x=11
2.D
2. True 3.x=7
3 False 3.B 4.x=2
4. True 4.C 5.x=-4
5 True
What’s New 5.A
Activity 2
1. Items in Column A are algebraic expressions while items in Column B are algebraic
equations.
2. Items in Column B are algebraic equations while items in Column C are inequalities.
3. Equal “=” is common in all items in Column B .
4. The inequality symbols used in Column C are <, >, ≤, ≥, and ≠.
5. a. Algebraic equation
b. Algebraic equation
c. Inequality
d. Inequality
e. Algebraic expression
What is it
Activity 3
Equations/Inequalities x=1 x=2 x=3 x=– 2

x+5=8 /

2x – 1 = 3 /

x–4<7 / / / /

3x + 5 ≥ 8 / / /

What I Can Do Assessment

Activity 6
1. The number is 18 1. C 2. B, 3. A 4. D 5.B
2. The number is 9

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References

Books

1. Mathematics – Grade 7 Learner’s Module, First Edition, 2013.

2. Elementary Algebra (Textbook for First Year Pilot Edition)
Copyright 2002 by JTW Corporation and Cecile M De Leon and
Julieta G. Bernabe.
3. Integrated Mathematics SEMP (Textbook for First Year Pilot
Edition)
Copyright 2000 by JTW Corporation and
Cecile M De Leon and Julieta G. Bernabe.
4. 21st Century Mathletes 6 Textbook for Grade 6, DepEd Copyright
2016 by Vibal Group, Inc.
Authors: Jaime R. Burgos, Marjoseph H. Perez, and Donnel P. Placer
Editor: Chin Uy and Mercurio Elenzano

Development Team of the Module

Writer’s Name: Rowena C. Dionaldo
Reviewer’s Name: Ismael K. Yusoph
Management Team: SDS: Ma. Liza R. Tabilon
ASDS: Judith V. Romaguera
OIC-ASDS: Ma. Judelyn J.
Ramos
OIC-ASDS: Armando P.
Gumapon CID Chief: Lilia E.
Abello,Ed.D.
LR : Evelyn C. Labad
PSDS: Marilyn L. Tabarno
Principal: Arnulfo G. Subebe

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