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A hub exclusively created by, for and to the architectural students!
THEORY REFERENCE NOTES
COURSE: B.Arch
SEMESTER: SEMESTER – 4
AUTHOR NAME: Ibrahim sir
LANDSCAPE DESIGN
& SITE PLANNING
CONTENT
S.No CHAPTERS PAGE#
1. PLANTS AND DESIGN 01 – 07
CREDITS
Source:Internet,
Internet, Civil Content writer:
engineering textbooks,
diploma materials.
Editor:Ibrahim sir
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3. PLANTS AND DESIGN
NOMENCLATURE ANATOMY OF PLANTS:
1. Ornamental Trees
2. Shrubs
Ornamental Trees:Tree is a woody perennial plant having
distincttrunk and crown at the top.
Three main groups of trees
1. Broad leaved
2. Narrow leaved or conifers
3. Palms and cycads
Different landscape uses of trees
a. Specimen plant
b. Shade tree
c. Flowering tree
d. Ornamental fruit tree
e. Avenue tree
f. Screening
g. Wind break
h. Checking air pollution
Selection of Trees in Landscaping
a. Habitat
b. Form
c. Height
d. Spread
e. Trunk height
f. Texture – Fine, medium and coarse
g. Growth rate –Slow, medium and fast
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h. Leaf retention period- Deciduous, Semi-deciduous and
Evergreen
i. Foliage colour- Emerging, mature and fall colour
j. Flowering season and peak flowering duration
k. Flower- Colour, shape, size, fragrance
l. Inflorescence- Size, type and number of flowers in it
m. Fruits- Colour, shape, size, season and duration
n. Associated flora
o. Susceptibility or resistance to natural hazards, drought,
wind, flood,insect pests and diseases
p. Ease of transplanting
Ornamental Shrub:A shrub is a woody or semi-woody
perennialplant with little or no trunk and grows up to aheight
from 50 cm to less than four meters.
Purposes of planting shrubs
a. To enhance the beauty of surroundings
b. To provide fragrance in the garden
c. To act as boundary of property line
d. To secure privacy for the family
e. To divide different areas or features in the garden
f. Softening harsh building lines
g. To screen off unwanted sites/ features
h. To reduce winds
i. To control traffic
j. To provide background for growing annual flowers
k. To reduce soil erosion
l. To conserve moisture
m. To discourage weed growth
n. To provide natural habitat for wildlife especially birds
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IBRAHIM SIBGATULLAH’S ARCHITECTURAL ACADEMY
FOR ADMISSIONS, ENQUIRIES AND COLLABORATIONS CONTACT
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Classification on the basis of landscape value
a. Flowering shrubs
b. Foliage shrubs
c. Flowering and foliage shrubs
d. Shrubs valued for fruits
e. Shrubs with fragrant flowers
f. Shrubs with ornamental bracts
g. Other peculiar characters
Landscape uses of shrubs
a. Specimen plant
b. Standard
c. Half standard
d. Shrubbery border
e. Avenue planting
f. Hedge
g. Edge
h. Under-planting
i. Rockeries
j. Cut flowers
k. Cut foliage
l. Moonlit gardening
m. Shrubs for pots
BASIC PRINCIPLES OF DESIGNS:
The success of landscape design with plants depends on how to
choose the appropriate plants for a particular situation.
Thoughtful selection of the trees, shrubs, climbers, bulbs, foliage
plants, grass, groundcover and aquatic plants transform the
barren landscape into meaningful landscape.
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FOR ADMISSIONS, ENQUIRIES AND COLLABORATIONS CONTACT
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Efforts should be made to select an appropriate plant material for
the given situation based on the following criteria:
a. Habit
b. Colour
c. Season of flowering
d. Form
e. Rate of growth and Environmental considerations
Steps Involved in Planting:
a. Site Condition
b. Soil Texture
c. Drainage
d. Water
e. Sunlight
f. Location
STUDY OF PLANT MATERIAL:
Three main groups of trees
a. Broad leaved
b. Narrow leaved or conifers
c. Palms and cycads
LANDSCAPE PLANTS
a. Landscape plants are those plants which are grown with the
objective to beautify our surroundings.
b. In addition to this these plants must serve certain functional,
architectural and engineering uses.
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IBRAHIM SIBGATULLAH’S ARCHITECTURAL ACADEMY
FOR ADMISSIONS, ENQUIRIES AND COLLABORATIONS CONTACT
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PLANTS RELATION TO BUILT ENVIRONMENT
1. Evergreen trees
a. Places requiring shade throughout the year,
b. Strong visual screening
c. Part of windbreak or shelter planting, and
d. Areas where leaf lifter is to be discouraged.
2. Deciduous trees:
a. Greater visual variety,
b. Partial visual barrier,
c. Areas where under-planting is to be encouraged,
d. Emphasis on branching and flowering pattern, and
e. Areas where shade is not required throughout the year.
CRITERIAIN PLANTING SELECTION:
a. Plant Material
b. Soil conditions
c. Availability and quality of water
d. Availability of sunlight
e. Quality of air
f. Maintenance
g. Functional Aspects of Design with Plants
h. Planting for Shelter and Soil Conservation
i. Air Pollution Control by Plants
BENEFITS OF PLANTING AND PROTECTING TREES:
a. Environmental Value
b. Air Quality
c. Water Quality
d. Lower Heating and Cooling Costs
e. Reduced Noise Pollution
f. Ecological Value
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g. Health Value
h. Economic Value
i. Shelter
j. Aesthetic Value.
PHYSICAL ATTRIBUTES OF PLANTS TO DESIGN:
Tress for basic planting: This relates to the contemporary
requirement in landscape design for mass planting of large
groups, woodlands, which with the topography or land form,
produce the large-scale spatial arrangement of the landscape. The
species selected for this group should be hardy, vigorous in
growth, indigenous for ecological reasons and exotics which have
become established as part of local scene.
e.g.- Acacia auriculiformis, Lagerstroemia flos reginae (pride of
india), Pterospermumacerifolium (kanak champa), Alstonia
scholaris, Putranjiva roxburghii (jalpitri), Azardirachata indica
(neem), Dalbergia sissoo (sheesham) etc.
Trees for special effects: Trees in this section should include
those sufficiently individualistic, spectacular or strong in
character to occupy the isolated positions, either because of these
qualities or because they do not mix easily in visual sense with
other trees.
e.g.- Ficus bengalensis (banyan tree), Cassia fistula (amaltas),
Bombax malabaricum(silk cotton tree), Cassia nodosa (pink
javanica), Jacaranda mimosaefolia (neeli gulmohar). Chrosia
speciosa, Mimusops elengi (mulsari) Callistemon lanceolatus
(bottle brush) etc.
Trees for barriers: Barriers formed with plants are needed in
landscape for screening theunpleasant views, for dividing up the
landscape into spaces, for providing shelter fromwind, for
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IBRAHIM SIBGATULLAH’S ARCHITECTURAL ACADEMY
FOR ADMISSIONS, ENQUIRIES AND COLLABORATIONS CONTACT
79 9393 7711 | www.ibrahimsacademy.com | [email protected]
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protection against pollution, for defining boundaries and for
assisting in the creation of beautiful landscape.
e.g.- Casuarina equisetifolia, Grevllea robusta (silver oak), Ficus
benjamina, Polyalthialongifolia (ashoka), Putranjiva roxburghii,
Schleichera trijuga (kusum), Golden bamboo etc.
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IBRAHIM SIBGATULLAH’S ARCHITECTURAL ACADEMY
FOR ADMISSIONS, ENQUIRIES AND COLLABORATIONS CONTACT
79 9393 7711 | www.ibrahimsacademy.com | [email protected]
