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Module 1

The document discusses partial differentiation of multivariable functions. It provides examples of evaluating partial derivatives of two-variable and three-variable functions. For a two-variable function z=x^2-y^2/xy, the partial derivatives are found to be ∂z/∂x=(x^2+y^2)/x^2y and ∂z/∂y=-(x^2+y^2)/xy^2. For a function s=3vln(u^2+4v^2), the partial derivatives are ∂s/∂u=6uv/(u^2+4v^2) and ∂s/∂v=

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50 views

Module 1

The document discusses partial differentiation of multivariable functions. It provides examples of evaluating partial derivatives of two-variable and three-variable functions. For a two-variable function z=x^2-y^2/xy, the partial derivatives are found to be ∂z/∂x=(x^2+y^2)/x^2y and ∂z/∂y=-(x^2+y^2)/xy^2. For a function s=3vln(u^2+4v^2), the partial derivatives are ∂s/∂u=6uv/(u^2+4v^2) and ∂s/∂v=

Uploaded by

rica
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
Electronics Engineering Department
First Term, AY 2021-2022

More Problems on Partial Differentiation


ENG 2014 (Differential Equations)

Recalling the concept of partial derivatives

Partial differentiation is used to quantify the rate of change of a multivariable function


with respect to one of its independent variables while the other variables held constant.

For a two-variable function 𝐹(𝑥, 𝑦), the possible partial derivatives are
𝜕𝐹(𝑥, 𝑦) 𝑑 𝜕𝐹(𝑥, 𝑦) 𝑑
= 𝐹(𝑥, 𝑦)| = 𝐹(𝑥, 𝑦)|
𝜕𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑦 constant 𝜕𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑥 constant

Problem 1 (Two-Variable Functions): Evaluate all partial derivatives of the following:

1.
𝑥2 − 𝑦2
𝑧=
𝑥𝑦
2.
𝑠 = 3𝑣 ln(𝑢 2 + 4𝑣 2 )
Solution:

1. Rather than applying The Quotient Rule on the expression, an easier approach is
to simplify first.
𝑥2 − 𝑦2 𝑥 𝑦
𝑧= ⇒ 𝑧= −
𝑥𝑦 𝑦 𝑥

Solving for the partial derivative with respect to 𝑥 (Remember: 𝑦 is held constant),
𝜕𝑧 𝜕 𝑥 𝑦
= ( − )
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥 𝑦 𝑥
𝜕𝑧 𝜕 𝑥 𝜕 𝑦
= ( )− ( )
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥 𝑦 𝜕𝑥 𝑥
𝜕𝑧 1 𝜕 𝜕 1
= ∙ (𝑥) − 𝑦 ∙ ( )
𝜕𝑥 𝑦 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥 𝑥
𝜕𝑧 1 1
= ∙1−𝑦∙− 2
𝜕𝑥 𝑦 𝑥
𝜕𝑧 1 𝑦
= +
𝜕𝑥 𝑦 𝑥 2

Module 1: Partial Differentiation ∥ Page 1


More Problems on Partial Differentiation
ENG 2014 (Differential Equations)
The answer can be expressed further as a single fraction so it has the same form as
the given.
𝜕𝑧 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2
=
𝜕𝑥 𝑥2𝑦

Now, with respect to 𝑦: (𝑥 is held constant)


𝜕𝑧 𝜕 𝑥 𝑦
= ( − )
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦 𝑦 𝑥
𝜕𝑧 𝜕 1 1 𝜕
=𝑥∙ ( )− ∙ (𝑦)
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦 𝑦 𝑥 𝜕𝑦
𝜕𝑧 1 1
=𝑥∙− 2−
𝜕𝑦 𝑦 𝑥
𝜕𝑧 𝑥 1
=− 2−
𝜕𝑦 𝑦 𝑥
𝜕𝑧 𝑥 + 𝑦2
2
=−
𝜕𝑦 𝑥𝑦 2

2. Partial derivative of 𝑠 with respect to 𝑢:


𝑠 = 3𝑣 ln(𝑢 2 + 4𝑣 2 )
𝜕𝑠 𝜕
= 3𝑣 ∙ ln(𝑢 2 + 4𝑣 2 )
𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢
𝜕𝑠 2𝑢
= 3𝑣 ∙ 2
𝜕𝑢 𝑢 + 4𝑣 2
𝜕𝑠 6𝑢𝑣
= 2
𝜕𝑢 𝑢 + 4𝑣 2

Partial derivative of 𝑠 with respect to 𝑣:


𝑠 = 3𝑣 ln(𝑢 2 + 4𝑣 2 )
𝜕𝑠 𝜕
= 3 𝑣 ln(𝑢 2 + 4𝑣 2 )
𝜕𝑣 ⏟
𝜕𝑣
Product Rule
𝜕𝑠 𝜕 𝜕
= 3 [𝑣 ∙ ln(𝑢 2 + 4𝑣 2 ) + ln(𝑢 2 + 4𝑣 2 ) ∙ (𝑣)]
𝜕𝑣 𝜕𝑣 𝜕𝑣
𝜕𝑠 8𝑣
= 3𝑣 ∙ 2 + 3 ln(𝑢 2 + 4𝑣 2 )
𝜕𝑣 𝑢 + 4𝑣 2
𝜕𝑠 24𝑣 2
= + 3 ln(𝑢 2 + 4𝑣 2 )
𝜕𝑣 𝑢 2 + 4𝑣 2

Module 1: Partial Differentiation ∥ Page 2


More Problems on Partial Differentiation
ENG 2014 (Differential Equations)

Problem 2 (Three-Variable Function): Evaluate all partial derivatives of the function


𝐺(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) = (𝑥 2 − 3𝑦 + 4)𝑧
Partial derivative with respect to 𝑥:
𝜕𝐺(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) 𝑑𝐺(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧)
= |
𝜕𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑦 and 𝑧 constant
𝜕𝐺(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) 𝜕 2
= (𝑥 − 3𝑦 + 4)𝑧
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥
𝜕𝐺(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) 𝜕 2
= 𝑧(𝑥 2 − 3𝑦 + 4)𝑧−1 ∙ (𝑥 − 3𝑦 + 4)
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥
𝜕𝐺(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧)
= 𝑧(𝑥 2 − 3𝑦 + 4)𝑧−1 ∙ 2𝑥
𝜕𝑥
𝜕𝐺(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧)
= 2𝑥𝑧(𝑥 2 − 3𝑦 + 4)𝑧−1
𝜕𝑥

Partial derivative with respect to 𝑦:


𝜕𝐺(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) 𝑑𝐺(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧)
= |
𝜕𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑥 and 𝑧 constant
𝜕𝐺(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) 𝜕 2
= (𝑥 − 3𝑦 + 4)𝑧
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦
𝜕𝐺(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) 𝜕 2
= 𝑧(𝑥 2 − 3𝑦 + 4)𝑧−1 ∙ (𝑥 − 3𝑦 + 4)
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦
𝜕𝐺(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧)
= 𝑧(𝑥 2 − 3𝑦 + 4)𝑧−1 ∙ −3
𝜕𝑦
𝜕𝐺(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧)
= −3𝑧(𝑥 2 − 3𝑦 + 4)𝑧−1
𝜕𝑦

Partial derivative with respect to 𝑧:


𝜕𝐺(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) 𝑑𝐺(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧)
= |
𝜕𝑧 𝑑𝑧 𝑥 and 𝑦 constant
𝜕𝐺(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) 𝜕 2
= (𝑥 − 3𝑦 + 4)𝑧
𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑧
𝜕𝐺(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧)
= (𝑥 2 − 3𝑦 + 4)𝑧 ln(𝑥 2 − 3𝑦 + 4)
𝜕𝑧

Module 1: Partial Differentiation ∥ Page 3

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