Index Sheet

Mean/Median/Mode MeanMedianMode!A1
Frequency Distribution 'Freq. Dist'!A1
Ogives and Histogram 'Ogives and Hist.'!A1
pie Chart 'Pie Chart'!A1
Line Chart 'Line Chart'!A1
Scatter Plot 'Scatter Plot'!A1
Box and Whisker 'Box and whiskers'!A1
Variance and Standard Deviation Example 1 'VAR and SD Ex 1'!A1
Variance and Standard Deviation Example 2 ' VAR and SD Ex 2'!A1
Emperical Rule Empirical!A1
Skewness and Kurtosis 'Skewness and kurt'!A1
Descriptive Statistics Dataset 'Descr. Stat'!A1
Descriptive Statistics Dataset Examples 'Descr. Stat Exp'!A1

Important Terms

Population : Set of each and every element/observation that is relevant to our study.
Sample: The subset or the part of the population, where each element selected to draw such sample is selected randomly
Data Series: A row or column of numbers that are plotted in a chart is called a data series.
Data Set: It is a collection of all related sets of information that is composed of separate elements but can be manipulated
Statistics: is “the science of the collection, analysis, interpretation, presentation, and organization of data.”
Measures of Central Tendency: Mean, Median & Mode
Measures of Dispersion: Range, Variance & Standard Deviation
Measures of Shape: Kurtosis, Skewness
Histogram: is a display of statistical information that uses rectangles to show the frequency
of data items in successive numerical intervals of equal size.
selected randomly.

an be manipulated as a unit by a computer

n of data.”
 Mean Median Mode

Dataset Mean 17.417 Obs Average

19 A Median 11 1 1 2 3.5
4 B Mode 2 2 2 2 3.5
33 A 2 2 2 3.5
2 B 2 2 3 3.5
51 A 6th 4 4 3 3.5
32 A 7th 6th--> 4 4 13 3 3.5
2 B 7th--> 18 18 3 3.5
41 A 19 19 3.5 3 3.5
18 A (18+4)/2 11 32 32 4 3.5
2 B 33 33 5 3.5
4 B 41 41 5 3.5
1 B 51 51 7 3.5

3.5
3

12 43.75 1914.06
24 31.75 1008.06
41 14.75 217.56
51 4.75 22.56
67 11.25 126.56
67 11.25 126.56
 85 29.25 855.56
99 43.25 1870.56
55.75 23.75 6141.50
213.75 29.620215
29.62
877.36
Data
7 3 -12.043 145.04537 15.043
7 3 -12.043 145.04537
21 3 -12.043 145.04537
13 3 -12.043 145.04537
13 3 -12.043 145.04537
25 3 -12.043 145.04537
24 3 -12.043 145.04537
11 3 -12.043 145.04537
22 3 -12.043 145.04537
15 3 -12.043 145.04537
30 3 -12.043 145.04537
6 3 -12.043 145.04537
23 3 -12.043 145.04537
3 3 -12.043 145.04537
6 3 -12.043 145.04537
21 3 -12.043 145.04537
19 3 -12.043 145.04537
22 4 -11.043 121.95841
27 5 -10.043 100.87146
28 6 -9.0435 81.784499
8 6 -9.0435 81.784499
23 6 -9.0435 81.784499
17 6 -9.0435 81.784499
17 6 -9.0435 81.784499
6 6 -9.0435 81.784499
20 6 -9.0435 81.784499
26 6 -9.0435 81.784499
29 6 -9.0435 81.784499
13 7 -8.0435 64.697543
24 7 -8.0435 64.697543
6 7 -8.0435 64.697543
7 7 -8.0435 64.697543
10 7 -8.0435 64.697543
17 7 -8.0435 64.697543
3 7 -8.0435 64.697543
24 7 -8.0435 64.697543
4 7 -8.0435 64.697543
4 8 -7.0435 49.610586
16 8 -7.0435 49.610586
0 8 -7.0435 49.610586
23 9 -6.0435 36.523629
29 9 -6.0435 36.523629
9 9 -6.0435 36.523629
4 9 -6.0435 36.523629
15 9 -6.0435 36.523629
27 9 -6.0435 36.523629
17 10 -5.0435 25.436673
24 10 -5.0435 25.436673
0 10 -5.0435 25.436673
11 10 -5.0435 25.436673
19 10 -5.0435 25.436673
20 11 -4.0435 16.349716
28 11 -4.0435 16.349716
16 11 -4.0435 16.349716
3 11 -4.0435 16.349716
4 12 -3.0435 9.2627599
5 12 -3.0435 9.2627599
21 12 -3.0435 9.2627599
30 12 -3.0435 9.2627599
7 12 -3.0435 9.2627599
28 12 -3.0435 9.2627599
4 12 -3.0435 9.2627599
16 13 -2.0435 4.1758034
1 13 -2.0435 4.1758034
4 13 -2.0435 4.1758034
27 14 -1.0435 1.0888469
22 14 -1.0435 1.0888469
17 15 -0.0435 0.0018904
15 15 -0.0435 0.0018904
7 15 -0.0435 0.0018904
22 15 -0.0435 0.0018904
30 16 0.9565 0.9149338
0 16 0.9565 0.9149338
20 16 0.9565 0.9149338
3 16 0.9565 0.9149338
18 16 0.9565 0.9149338
23 16 0.9565 0.9149338
4 17 1.9565 3.8279773
20 17 1.9565 3.8279773
21 17 1.9565 3.8279773
29 17 1.9565 3.8279773
19 18 2.9565 8.7410208
21 18 2.9565 8.7410208
21 18 2.9565 8.7410208
28 18 2.9565 8.7410208
15 18 2.9565 8.7410208 Most Frequent Value
23 18 2.9565 8.7410208
7 18 2.9565 8.7410208
10 18 2.9565 8.7410208
1 19 3.9565 15.654064
25 19 3.9565 15.654064
15 19 3.9565 15.654064
22 19 3.9565 15.654064
17 19 3.9565 15.654064
27 20 4.9565 24.567108
5 20 4.9565 24.567108
27 20 4.9565 24.567108
4 20 4.9565 24.567108
19 20 4.9565 24.567108
16 21 5.9565 35.480151
30 21 5.9565 35.480151
16 21 5.9565 35.480151
13 22 6.9565 48.393195
3 23 7.9565 63.306238
12 23 7.9565 63.306238
1 23 7.9565 63.306238
18 24 8.9565 80.219282
27 24 8.9565 80.219282
8 24 8.9565 80.219282
29 24 8.9565 80.219282
27 25 9.9565 99.132325
20 25 9.9565 99.132325
24 25 9.9565 99.132325
29 25 9.9565 99.132325
7 25 9.9565 99.132325
26 25 9.9565 99.132325
29 26 10.957 120.04537
16 26 10.957 120.04537
4 26 10.957 120.04537
4 27 11.957 142.95841
11 27 11.957 142.95841
1 27 11.957 142.95841
28 27 11.957 142.95841
20 27 11.957 142.95841
0 27 11.957 142.95841
5 27 11.957 142.95841
19 27 11.957 142.95841
26 28 12.957 167.87146
12 28 12.957 167.87146
12 28 12.957 167.87146
27 28 12.957 167.87146
4 28 12.957 167.87146
27 29 13.957 194.7845
20 29 13.957 194.7845
24 29 13.957 194.7845
5 30 14.957 223.69754
14 30 14.957 223.69754
16 32 16.957 287.52363
71.461878 8.4535127

Measures of Dispersion/Spread
Range 29
Variance
Std Deviation

Measure of Shape
Diff Diff^2
-1.5 2.25
-1.5 2.25 1.24174432
-1.5 2.25
-0.5 0.25
-0.5 0.25
-0.5 0.25
-0.5 0.25
-0.5 0.25
0.5 0.25
1.5 2.25
1.5 2.25
3.5 12.25

25

Variance2.27272727
Std Devi1.50755672
X X-Mean (X-Mean)^2
2 -23.77 565.0129 37
4 -21.77 473.9329
5 -20.77 431.3929
6 -19.77 390.8529
11 -14.77 218.1529
14 -11.77 138.5329
17 -8.77 76.9129
20 -5.77 33.2929
22 -3.77 14.2129
26 0.23 0.0529
26 0.23 0.0529
27 1.23 1.5129
29 3.23 10.4329
30 4.23 17.8929
30 4.23 17.8929
31 5.23 27.3529
34 8.23 67.7329
 35 9.23 85.1929
36 10.23 104.6529
36 10.23 104.6529
37 11.23 126.1129
38 12.23 149.5729
38 12.23 149.5729
38 12.23 149.5729
39 13.23 175.0329
39 13.23 175.0329

670 3704.6154
26 Variance 148.184616
St Dev 12.1731104
Average25.7692308

25.7692308
0
0
0 1
0 3
1 5 Median=6
1 7
1 7
1 8
1 8
1
2 2.5
2
2 3 Position value
2
2
2
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
5
5 69
5
6 70
6
7
7
8
8
8
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
10
10
10
10
11
11
11
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
13
13
13
13
13
14
14
14
14
14
15
15
15
15
16 16
16
16
16
17
17
17
17
17
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
19
19
19
19
19
19
20
20
20
21
21
21
21
22
22
22
22
23
23
23
23
24
24
24
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
27
27
28
28
28
28
28
28
29
29
29
29
30
30
30
Frequency Distribution
Relative
Frequency Cumulative Cumulative Relative
Class(Rs.) Frequency
Students (Probability) Frequency Frequency
20-30 5 0.125 5 0.125 1.2

30-40 8 0.200 13 0.325 1

40-50 9 0.225 22 0.550
50-60 10 0.250 32 0.800 0.8

60-70 6 0.150 38 0.950 0.6

70-80 2 0.050 40 1.000
0.4
Total 40 1.000
0.2

0
12 Ogive Ogive 1 2 3

10

8
20-30
30-40
6 40-50
50-60
60-70
4 20
70-80
30
40
2
50
60
0 70
20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60 60-70 70-80
 70

Cat 1 Cat 2
A A
B B
C B
A C
A
B
C
 Column E

1 2 3 4 5 6

20-30
30-40
40-50
50-60
60-70
70-80
70-80
 Ogives and Histogram Bin
0
Dataset Ogives Graph 10
12 Histogram 20
13 30
17 10 0-10 40
21 15 10-15 50
24 20 15-20 60
24 25 More
26 30
27 35 Bin Frequency Cumulative %
27 40 10 0 0.00%
30 45 30 10 50.00%
32 50 50 8 90.00%
35 55 70 2 100.00%
37 60 More 0 100.00%
38
41
43 Bin Frequency Cumulative % 4.5
4
44 10 0 0.00%
3.5
46 15 2 10.00% 3
53
Frequency

20 1 15.00% 2.5
58 2
25 3 30.00% F
1.5 C
30 4 50.00%
1
35 2 60.00% 0.5
0
10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 More
Bin
 2

Freq
F
1.5 C
1
0.5
40 2 70.00% 0
10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 More
45 3 85.00%
Bin
50 1 90.00%
55 1 95.00%
60 1 100.00%
More 0 100.00%

Mean 32.4
Standard Er2.833446850151
Median 31
Mode 24
Standard De12.67155953514
Sample Var160.5684210526
Kurtosis -0.50529233561
Skewness 0.259014037436
Range 46
Minimum 12
Maximum 58
Sum 648
Count 20

Class/Range Frequency
30-40 5
1.2 40-50 10
1
50-60 6

0.8

0.6
Column L
1.2

1
60-70 5
0.8 70-80 6
80-90 8
0.6
Column L 40
0.4
0.3

0.2
0.25

0
0.2
1 2 3 4 5 6

0.15

0.1

0.05

0
1 2 3 4 5

0.3

0.25

0.2

0.15

0.1

0.05

0
30-40 40-50 50-60 60-70 70-80 80
 0.1

0.05

0
30-40 40-50 50-60 60-70 70-80 80

Student Marks
A 60
B 41
C 55 70

D 65 60
E 52
50
F 47
40

30

20

10

0
A B C D
 Frequency Cumulative %
0 0.00%
0 0.00% 0 1.2
3 15.00% 10
1
7 50.00% 20
4 70.00% 30 0.8
4 90.00% 40
2 100.00% 50 0.6
Column L
0 100.00% 60
0.4

Bin Frequency 0.2

10 0
0
30 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
50 8
70 2
More 0

12

10

8
1
6 Frequency 2
Cumulative % 3
4
4
2

45 50 55 60 More 0
1 2 3 4
 6 Frequency 2
Cumulative % 3
4
4
2

45 50 55 60 More 0
1 2 3 4

80

70

60

50

40 Column G
Column H
30

20

10

0
1 2 3 4

Cumulative
Relative Relative
Frequency
0.125 Frequency0.125
0.25 0.375
0.15 0.525
 0.125 0.65
0.15 0.8
0.2 1
1

Column K

3 4 5 6

30-40
40-50
50-60
60-70
70-80
80-90

50-60 60-70 70-80 80-90

 60-70
70-80
80-90

50-60 60-70 70-80 80-90

A
B
C
D
E
F

B C D E F
 Column L

8
 Pie Chart

Investment Type Amount (in thousands $) Percentage Pie Chart

Stocks 46.5 42.27
Bonds 32 29.09
CD 15.5 14.09
Savings 16 14.55
Total 110 100

Investment Type Amount (in thousands $) Percentage

Stocks 46.5 42.2727273
Bonds 32 29.0909091
CD 15.5 14.0909091
Savings 16 14.5454545
Total 110 14.5454545454545

14.0909090909091 42.2727272727273

29.0909090909091
29.0909090909091
 50
45
40
35
30 Stocks
25 Bonds
20 CD
5 Savings
15
10
5
0
Stocks Stocks Bonds CD Savings
727272727273 Bonds
CD
Savings
 Line Chart

Year Inflation Rate

1985 3.56
1986 1.86
6
1987 3.65
ar 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 00 02 04
1988 4.14 Ye 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 20 20 20

1989 4.82
1990 5.4
1991 4.21 Inflation Rate
Year
1992 3.01
1993 2.99 6 Inflation Rate
1994 2.56 6 -494
5
1995 2.83
5
1996 2.95 4
1997 2.29 4

1998 1.56 3
3 Column B
1999 2.21
2
2000 3.36 2

2001 2.85 1
1
2002 1.59
0
2003 2.27 1 22 3 34 45 65 7 6 8 79 10
8 1191210
13 14
11 15
121613
17 18
14 19
152016
21 17
22 18 19 20 21 22
2004 2.68
2005 3.39 6
2006 3.24
5

3
6

3
Column B
2

0
 flation Rate
ear

Column B

5 1 2
3 4
4 5 6
9 20 21 22 7 8
9 10
3
11 12
13 14
2 15 16
17 18
19 20
1
21 22

0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
 9 10
3
11 12
13 14
2 15 16
17 18
19 20
1
21 22

0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22

Column B
 Scatter Plot
250
Volume per day Cost per day
23 125 200
26 140
29 146 150

33 160 Cost per day

100
38 167
42 170 50
50 188
55 195 0
20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65
60 200

Volume per day Cost per day 800

23 45 700
26 556 600
29 561 500
33 84 400
Column B
38 16 300
42 674 200
50 64
100
55 45
0
60 85 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65
100

0
20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65
 Column B

0 65
0 65
 Box Plot

How Do you analyse Virat Kohli's scores of past 150 innings using a box plot?

0
0 Quartile Observations 50
0 Minimum Value 0 0 100
0 1st Quartile 1 9
0 Median 2 31
0 3rd Quartile 3 68
0 Maximum Value 4 183
0 Upper Limit 156.5
0 Lower Limit -79.5 0
0 All the run Kohli
1 Outliers scored above 157
1 are outliers i.e 183
1
1
1 1st Decile
2 Mean 43.41333333 Skewness
2 Median 31
2 Mode 0
2 Q1 9 25% of the total number
2 Q3 68 75% of the total number
2 IQR (Interquartile Ra 59
 2 Upper Limit 156.5 Q3 added to 1.5 times IQ
2 Lower Limit -79.5 Q1 minus 1.5 times IQR
2 Outliers if any 183
3 StDev 40.68477391
3
3 1 time std dev 3 84
4 2 time std dev -38 125
5 3 time std dev -79 165
6 2nd Decile20% data
6
7
7
8
8
8
9
9 1st Quarti38th value Quartiles - 4 parts
9 Deciles - 10 parts
9 Percentiles - 100 parts
10
10
11 9 25%
11 31 50%
12 68.75 75%
12
13
14
15
15
16
16
18
18
18
19
20
21
22
22
22
22
22
23
23
23
24
25
26
27
28
28
30
31
31 2nd Quarti75th Position Median
31
31
31
31
33
33
34
35
35
37
37
37
38
38
40
43
44
46
48
49
53
54
54
54
55
57
58
59
61
62
63
64
66
66
66
68
68
68 3rd Quarti113th Position
71
77
77
78
79
80
81
82
 82
86
86
87
91
94
99
100
100
102
102
105
106
107
107
107
108
112
115
115
117
118
123
127
128
133
136
139
183
 ?
150

0.9002

the total number of values (150*0.25) = 38 values will be equal to or less than 9
the total number of values (150*0.75) = 113 values will be equal to or less than 68
ed to 1.5 times IQR
us 1.5 times IQR

65.333
96
99.333
0 1 2 6 10 16 22 28 33 43 57 68
0 1 2 7 10 16 22 28 34 44 58 68
0 1 2 7 11 18 22 30 35 46 59 68
0 1 2 8 11 18 23 31 35 48 61 71
0 1 3 8 12 18 23 31 37 49 62 77
0 2 3 8 12 19 23 31 37 53 63 77
0 2 3 9 13 20 24 31 37 54 64 78
0 2 4 9 14 21 25 31 38 54 66 79
0 2 5 9 15 22 26 31 38 54 66 80
0 2 6 9 15 22 27 33 40 55 66 81

Count 150
Minimum 0
Maximum 183
Range 183
Q1 9 37.5 <--Position Number in Ascended Data
Q3 68
Mean 43
Median 31 75 76 75th and 76th position
Mode 0
IQR 59
Upper Limit 157 Empirical Rule
Lower Limit -80 Atleast 68.26% of all data points are expected to lie between: 2
Outliers if any 183 Atleast 95.44% of all data points are expected to lie between: -39
Std Deviation 41 Atleast 99.72% of all data points are expected to lie between: -80
Variance 1655
Skewness 0.90 Chebyshev's inequality
Kurtosis -0.03 Atleast 75% of all data points are expected to lie between: -39
Atleast 89% of all data points are expected to lie between: -80
Atleast 95% of all data points are expected to lie between: -141.5

Runs scored by Virat Kohli in 150 one-day matches

 Empirical Rule
0
0 150
0
0 Mean 43.4133333
0 SD 40.6847739
0 LL UL
0 1st Rule 2.72855943 84.0981072 68% 65.3333333
0 2nd Rule -37.956214 124.782881 95% 96
0 3rd Rule -78.640988 165.467655 99.70% 99.3333333
0
1 Normally Distributed
 1
1 A86:A235
1 Min 0
1 Max 183
2 Mean 43.4133333
2 Median 31
2 Mode 0
2 Q1 9
2 Q3 68
2 IQR 59
2 Range 183
2 Variance 1655.25083
2 Sd Dev 40.6847739
3 Upper Limit 156.5
3 Lower Limit -79.5
3 Outlier 183 Any value greater than Upper Limit, or lower than Lower Limit is outlier
4
5
6
6
7
7
8
8
8
9
9
9
9
10
10
11
11
12
12
13
14
15
15
16
16
18
18
18
19
20
21
22
22
22
22
22
23
23
23
24
25
26
27
28
28
30
31
31
31
31
31
31
33
33
34
35
35
37
37
37
38
38
40
43
44
46
48
49
53
54
54
54
55
57
58
59
61
62
63
64
 66
66
66
68
68
68
71
77
77
78
79
80
81
82
82
86
86
87
91
94
99
100
100
102
102
105
106
107
107
107
108
112
115
115
117
118
123
127
128
133
136
139
183

X X-mean (X-mean)^2
0 -43.413333 1884.71751
0 -43.413333 1884.71751
0 -43.413333 1884.71751
0 -43.413333 1884.71751
0 -43.413333 1884.71751
0 -43.413333 1884.71751
0 -43.413333 1884.71751
0 -43.413333 1884.71751
0 -43.413333 1884.71751
0 -43.413333 1884.71751
1 -42.413333 1798.89084
1 -42.413333 1798.89084
1 -42.413333 1798.89084
 1 -42.413333 1798.89084
1 -42.413333 1798.89084
2 -41.413333 1715.06418
2 -41.413333 1715.06418
2 -41.413333 1715.06418
2 -41.413333 1715.06418
2 -41.413333 1715.06418
2 -41.413333 1715.06418
2 -41.413333 1715.06418
2 -41.413333 1715.06418
2 -41.413333 1715.06418
3 -40.413333 1633.23751
3 -40.413333 1633.23751
3 -40.413333 1633.23751
4 -39.413333 1553.41084
5 -38.413333 1475.58418
6 -37.413333 1399.75751
6 -37.413333 1399.75751
7 -36.413333 1325.93084
7 -36.413333 1325.93084
8 -35.413333 1254.10418
8 -35.413333 1254.10418
8 -35.413333 1254.10418
9 -34.413333 1184.27751
9 -34.413333 1184.27751
9 -34.413333 1184.27751
9 -34.413333 1184.27751
10 -33.413333 1116.45084
10 -33.413333 1116.45084
11 -32.413333 1050.62418
11 -32.413333 1050.62418
12 -31.413333 986.797511
12 -31.413333 986.797511
13 -30.413333 924.970844
14 -29.413333 865.144178
15 -28.413333 807.317511
15 -28.413333 807.317511
16 -27.413333 751.490844
16 -27.413333 751.490844
18 -25.413333 645.837511
18 -25.413333 645.837511
18 -25.413333 645.837511
19 -24.413333 596.010844
20 -23.413333 548.184178
21 -22.413333 502.357511
22 -21.413333 458.530844
22 -21.413333 458.530844
22 -21.413333 458.530844
22 -21.413333 458.530844
22 -21.413333 458.530844
23 -20.413333 416.704178
23 -20.413333 416.704178
23 -20.413333 416.704178
24 -19.413333 376.877511
25 -18.413333 339.050844
26 -17.413333 303.224178
27 -16.413333 269.397511
28 -15.413333 237.570844
28 -15.413333 237.570844
30 -13.413333 179.917511
31 -12.413333 154.090844
31 -12.413333 154.090844
31 -12.413333 154.090844
31 -12.413333 154.090844
31 -12.413333 154.090844
31 -12.413333 154.090844
33 -10.413333 108.437511
33 -10.413333 108.437511
34 -9.4133333 88.6108444
35 -8.4133333 70.7841778
35 -8.4133333 70.7841778
37 -6.4133333 41.1308444
37 -6.4133333 41.1308444
37 -6.4133333 41.1308444
38 -5.4133333 29.3041778
38 -5.4133333 29.3041778
40 -3.4133333 11.6508444
43 -0.4133333 0.17084444
44 0.58666667 0.34417778
46 2.58666667 6.69084444
48 4.58666667 21.0375111
49 5.58666667 31.2108444
53 9.58666667 91.9041778
54 10.5866667 112.077511
54 10.5866667 112.077511
54 10.5866667 112.077511
55 11.5866667 134.250844
57 13.5866667 184.597511
58 14.5866667 212.770844
59 15.5866667 242.944178
61 17.5866667 309.290844
62 18.5866667 345.464178
63 19.5866667 383.637511
64 20.5866667 423.810844
66 22.5866667 510.157511
66 22.5866667 510.157511
 66 22.5866667 510.157511
68 24.5866667 604.504178
68 24.5866667 604.504178
68 24.5866667 604.504178
71 27.5866667 761.024178
77 33.5866667 1128.06418
77 33.5866667 1128.06418
78 34.5866667 1196.23751
79 35.5866667 1266.41084
80 36.5866667 1338.58418
81 37.5866667 1412.75751
82 38.5866667 1488.93084
82 38.5866667 1488.93084
86 42.5866667 1813.62418
86 42.5866667 1813.62418
87 43.5866667 1899.79751
91 47.5866667 2264.49084
94 50.5866667 2559.01084
99 55.5866667 3089.87751
100 56.5866667 3202.05084
100 56.5866667 3202.05084
102 58.5866667 3432.39751
102 58.5866667 3432.39751
105 61.5866667 3792.91751
106 62.5866667 3917.09084
107 63.5866667 4043.26418
107 63.5866667 4043.26418
107 63.5866667 4043.26418
108 64.5866667 4171.43751
112 68.5866667 4704.13084
115 71.5866667 5124.65084
115 71.5866667 5124.65084
117 73.5866667 5414.99751
118 74.5866667 5563.17084
123 79.5866667 6334.03751
127 83.5866667 6986.73084
128 84.5866667 7154.90418
133 89.5866667 8025.77084
136 92.5866667 8572.29084
139 95.5866667 9136.81084
183 139.586667 19484.4375

246632.373

Variance 1655.25083

St Dev 40.6847739
 82 102 115
82 102 117
86 105 118
86 106 123
87 107 127
91 107 128
94 107 133
99 108 136
100 112 139
100 115 183

0.71333333

0.96

0.99333333

AND 84
AND 125
AND 166

AND 125
AND 166
AND 227.5
 Variance and Standard Deviation

Data (in mm)

600 206 42436
470 76 5776
170 -224 50176
430 36 1296
300 -94 8836
21704
394 147.32

50 12.778 163.27
36 -1.2222 1.4938
45 7.7778 60.494
40 2.7778 7.716
35 -2.2222 4.9383
40 2.7778 7.716
35 -2.2222 4.9383
29 -8.2222 67.605
 29 -8.222267.605
50 12.778 163.27
39 1.7778 3.1605
31 -6.222238.716
26 -11.222125.94
36 -1.22221.4938
39 1.7778 3.1605
27 -10.222104.49
49 11.778 138.72
34 -3.222210.383
975.11 54.173 Variance
Mean 37.222 7.3602 Standard Dev
N 18

A firm is starting a delivery service for a new client between 2 points. Since it is a new client, the firm
Delivery boy 1 (Time in minutes) – 12,13,17,21,24, 24, 26,27, 27, 30, 32, 35, 37, 38, 41, 43, 44, 46,53,

Delivery boy 2 (Time in minutes)- 34, 14, 31, 59, 11, 50, 27, 33, 53, 34, 13, 13, 42, 29, 33, 42, 34, 33, 4

Delivery No. Boy 1 Boy 2

 1 12 34
2 13 14
3 17 31
4 21 59
5 24 11
6 24 50
7 26 27
8 27 33
9 27 53
10 30 34
11 32 13
12 35 13
13 37 42
14 38 29
15 41 33
16 43 42
17 44 34
18 46 33
19 53 44
20 60 21

Mean 32.5 32.5

Variance 166.16 183.74
Std Deviation 12.89 13.555
 Stock A Stock B
Return 17% 9%
Std Dev 8 3

If you are risk averse, then which stock would you choose?
If you are willing to take the risk for a greater return, then which stock would you choose?
new client, the firm wants to send more consistent delivery boy to deliver the product.
, 41, 43, 44, 46,53,60

29, 33, 42, 34, 33, 44, 21

Stock B
Stock A
 Variance and Standard Deviation

A firm is starting a delivery service for a new client between 2 points. Since it is a new client, the firm wants to send more c
The following are the delivery time taken by two delivery boys of last 20 days

(Time in minutes)

Salesman 1 Salesman 2
12 40
13 10
17 31
21 59
24 13
24 50
26 27
27 33
27 53
30 34
32 16
35 10
37 34
38 30
41 33
43 42
 44 34
46 44
53 29
60 28

Sum 650 650

Average 32.5
 rvice for a new client between 2 points. Since it is a new client, the firm wants to send more consistent delivery boy to deliver the p
y time taken by two delivery boys of last 20 days
12.890224774 13.477076053
Emperical Rule

12
13
17
21
24
24
26
27
27
30
32
35
37
38
41
43
44
46
53
60
 Skewness and Kurtosis

How skewed is Virat Kohli's ininngs ?

Kohli' s Runs Bin Frequency 45

40
23 -20.164 -8199 406.61 0 10 35
30
1 -42.164 -74961.81 1777.8 15.25 41 25

Frequency
1 -42.164 -74961.81 1777.8 30.5 23 20
15
3 -40.164 -64792.72 1613.2 45.75 20 10
5
38 -5.1645 -137.7457 26.672 61 12 0
44 0.8355 0.583284 0.6981 76.25 10
33 -10.164 -1050.158 103.32 91.5 12
B
33 -10.164 -1050.158 103.32 106.75 8
46 2.8355 22.79823 8.0402 122 9
107 63.836 260128.1 4075 137.25 5
8 -35.164 -43482.29 1236.5 152.5 1
3 -40.164 -64792.72 1613.2 167.75 0
4 -39.164 -60072.66 1533.9 More 1
9 -34.164 -39877.16 1167.2
139 95.836 880196.4 9184.4
66 22.836 11907.84 521.46
53 9.8355 951.465 96.738 152
49 5.8355 198.7193 34.053 Mean 43.164
22 -21.164 -9480.307 447.93
127 83.836 589229.2 7028.4 Skew 0.916
 62 18.836 6682.412 354.78
2 -41.164 -69753.77 1694.5
13 -30.164 -27446.52 909.9
1 -42.164 -74961.81 1777.8
40 -3.1645 -31.6887 10.014
0 -43.164 -80422.83 1863.2
5 -38.164 -55587.59 1456.5
48 4.8355 113.0658 23.382
136 92.836 800096.9 8618.4
82 38.836 58571.67 1508.2
2 -41.164 -69753.77 1694.5
6 -37.164 -51331.5 1381.2
78 34.836 42273.4 1213.5
123 79.836 508848.6 6373.7
0 -43.164 -80422.83 1863.2
31 -12.164 -1800.031 147.97
19 -24.164 -14110.16 583.92
99 55.836 174073.2 3117.6
86 42.836 78598.15 1834.9
0 -43.164 -80422.83 1863.2
115 71.836 370695.9 5160.3
68 24.836 15318.64 616.8
100 56.836 183594.5 3230.3
61 17.836 5673.588 318.11
68 24.836 15318.64 616.8
 14 -29.164 -24806.33 850.57
115 71.836 370695.9 5160.3
2 -41.164 -69753.77 1694.5
31 -12.164 -1800.031 147.97
102 58.836 203666.2 3461.6
2 -41.164 -69753.77 1694.5
11 -32.164 -33275.86 1034.6
43 -0.1645 -0.004449 0.0271
58 14.836 3265.193 220.09
22 -21.164 -9480.307 447.93
22 -21.164 -9480.307 447.93
31 -12.164 -1800.031 147.97
0 -43.164 -80422.83 1863.2
26 -17.164 -5056.983 294.62
77 33.836 38736.36 1144.8
37 -6.1645 -234.2545 38.001
15 -28.164 -22341.12 793.24
7 -36.164 -47298.4 1307.9
6 -37.164 -51331.5 1381.2
0 -43.164 -80422.83 1863.2
23 -20.164 -8199 406.61
128 84.836 610566.9 7197.1
38 -5.1645 -137.7457 26.672
1 -42.164 -74961.81 1777.8
106 62.836 248093.7 3948.3
183 139.84 2734340 19554
66 22.836 11907.84 521.46
108 64.836 272545.6 4203.6
133 89.836 725010.6 8070.4
21 -22.164 -10888.61 491.26
66 22.836 11907.84 521.46
12 -31.164 -30267.7 971.22
15 -28.164 -22341.12 793.24
18 -25.164 -15935.42 633.25
77 33.836 38736.36 1144.8
31 -12.164 -1800.031 147.97
80 36.836 49980.5 1356.9
23 -20.164 -8199 406.61
20 -23.164 -12429.89 536.59
117 73.836 402528 5451.7
3 -40.164 -64792.72 1613.2
0 -43.164 -80422.83 1863.2
86 42.836 78598.15 1834.9
35 -8.1645 -544.2326 66.659
112 68.836 326165.4 4738.3
37 -6.1645 -234.2545 38.001
107 63.836 260128.1 4075
16 -27.164 -20044.9 737.91
7 -36.164 -47298.4 1307.9
9 -34.164 -39877.16 1167.2
 55 11.836 1657.917 140.08
94 50.836 131371.7 2584.3
22 -21.164 -9480.307 447.93
0 -43.164 -80422.83 1863.2
81 37.836 54162.58 1431.5
2 -41.164 -69753.77 1694.5
35 -8.1645 -544.2326 66.659
9 -34.164 -39877.16 1167.2
24 -19.164 -7038.671 367.28
59 15.836 3970.978 250.76
1 -42.164 -74961.81 1777.8
12 -31.164 -30267.7 971.22
34 -9.1645 -769.7019 83.988
8 -35.164 -43482.29 1236.5
100 56.836 183594.5 3230.3
2 -41.164 -69753.77 1694.5
87 43.836 84232.3 1921.6
28 -15.164 -3487.242 229.96
22 -21.164 -9480.307 447.93
54 10.836 1272.184 117.41
2 -41.164 -69753.77 1694.5
0 -43.164 -80422.83 1863.2
63 19.836 7804.25 393.45
64 20.836 9045.101 434.12
105 61.836 236436.3 3823.6
118 74.836 419105.6 5600.4
37 -6.1645 -234.2545 38.001
8 -35.164 -43482.29 1236.5
0 -43.164 -80422.83 1863.2
28 -15.164 -3487.242 229.96
10 -33.164 -36477 1099.9
18 -25.164 -15935.42 633.25
11 -32.164 -33275.86 1034.6
68 24.836 15318.64 616.8
18 -25.164 -15935.42 633.25
82 38.836 58571.67 1508.2
0 -43.164 -80422.83 1863.2
57 13.836 2648.421 191.42
31 -12.164 -1800.031 147.97
2 -41.164 -69753.77 1694.5
102 58.836 203666.2 3461.6
71 27.836 21567.43 774.82
91 47.836 109459 2288.2
9 -34.164 -39877.16 1167.2
107 63.836 260128.1 4075
54 10.836 1272.184 117.41
27 -16.164 -4223.619 261.29
10 -33.164 -36477 1099.9
30 -13.164 -2281.448 173.3
79 35.836 46019.44 1284.2
16 -27.164 -20044.9 737.91
2 -41.164 -69753.77 1694.5
31 -12.164 -1800.031 147.97
54 10.836 1272.184 117.41
25 -18.164 -5993.334 329.95
37 -6.1645 -234.2545 38.001
12 -31.164 -30267.7 971.22

9065730 40.498 40.498

0.903923
5
0 0
5 15.25
0 30.5
5 45.75
0 61
5 76.25
0 91.5
5
106.75
0
122
137.25
152.5
167.75
Bin
More
 Descriptive Statistic Dataset

Student ID State Gender Student Status Country Student Status Major Age
1 California Female Graduate US Graduate Politics 30
2 Arizona Female Undergraduate US Undergraduate Politics 19
3 New York Male Graduate US Graduate Math 26
4 New York Male Graduate US Graduate Econ 33
5 Ohio Male Graduate US Graduate Econ 37
6 California Male Graduate US Graduate Econ 25
7 North Carolina Male Graduate US Graduate Politics 39
8 Kansas Female Undergraduate US Undergraduate Politics 21
9 California Female Undergraduate US Undergraduate Math 18
10 New York Female Graduate US Graduate Math 33
11 Mississippi Male Undergraduate US Undergraduate Econ 18
12 Virginia Female Graduate US Graduate Math 38
13 California Male Graduate US Graduate Politics 30
14 New York Male Graduate US Graduate Politics 30
15 New York Female Undergraduate US Undergraduate Math 21
16 Utah Female Graduate US Undergraduate Politics 18
17 New York Female Undergraduate US Undergraduate Math 19
18 Pennsylvania Female Graduate US Graduate Politics 31
19 Oklahoma Female Undergraduate US Undergraduate Math 18
20 New York Male Graduate US Graduate Politics 33
21 Ohio Female Undergraduate US Undergraduate Econ 19
22 New York Male Undergraduate US Undergraduate Econ 21
23 Massachusetts Female Graduate US Graduate Politics 25
24 Pennsylvania Female Undergraduate US Undergraduate Math 18
25 Ohio Male Graduate US Undergraduate Politics 19
26 Minnesota Male Graduate US Graduate Econ 28
27 Pennsylvania Male Undergraduate US Undergraduate Econ 20
28 Oklahoma Female Undergraduate US Undergraduate Econ 20
29 Pennsylvania Male Graduate US Graduate Politics 30
30 Ohio Male Undergraduate US Undergraduate Econ 19

1 Average 25.2
Median 23
0.5 Q1 19
0 Q3 30
IQR 11
U.L 46.5
L.L 2.5
Minimum 18
Maximum 39
Mode 18
Variance 47.2
Standard 6.87
Skewness 0.56
 Exam score out
Height (in) Study hrs
of 40
61 4 30
64 2 19
73 6 26
68 3 33
71 6 37
67 5 25
70 5 39
62 5 21
62 6 18
66 5 33
67 3 18
59 5 38
63 4 30
75 6 30
64 5 21
63 2 18
60 2 19
59 4 31
68 4 18
63 7 33
62 5 19
73 4 21
 68 6 25
65 6 18
64 4 19
71 4 28
71 5 20
68 6 20
72 6 30
74 1 19

66.43333333 4.53333333 25.2

66.5 5 23
63 4 19
70.75 6 30
7.75 2 11
82.375 9 46.5
51.375 1 2.5
59 1 18
75 7 39
68 5 18
21.70229885 2.18850575 47.2
4.658572619 1.47935991 6.87022561492707
0.171892733 -0.6858073 0.55719051478183
 Descriptive Statistics Examples

1. What is the average score of students?

2. What is the frequency distribution of the major streams of the student?

Frequency Distribution of maj

3. What is the average age of the students? What is mode?

4. What proportion of students are graduate?

5. What is the distribution of students by heights?

 Average score

Frequency Distribution of major

Politics
Math
Economics

Average Age
Mode

Proportion of student graduate

Average
Median
Mode
Standard Deviation
variance
Skewness
Sales
12
20
33
26
18
45
36
23
34
46
20
48
47
44
48
44
13
44
23
35
39
19
23
45
31
25
41
38
13
48
27
47
23
28
37
33
For Des :A company wants to analyse there sales of past three years how do they summerize there sales data?

For Inferential: Pick random 20 values instead of the complete data , then now do the anaylysis
e sales data?
Frequency Distribution A HR wants to find the frequency distribution of the monthly salaries of employees w

41035
58433
18035
64232
13453
39200
44248
85294
12884
32919
91694
64560
25752
58957
67946
79589
21430
35544
18397
65443
94132
90006
47019
54806
38568
64148
88469
59207
72411
87831
84085
73757
56622
67691
88147
77764
52726
57479
94665
81925
32320
79858
80911
48546
44147
54781
74916
25081
94985
79649
95535
46099
92033
35735
64165
56495
32046
43009
19820
57550
41647
12957
26202
14139
85018
12786
86920
14133
42011
74783
30016
50954
55637
71400
15323
92086
68733
54861
73991
92689
84999
89534
66496
49398
59523
73610
16908
95377
27869
68368
73318
95114
54131
49835
81828
28009
17397
37539
33150
88997
26428
25902
15669
14367
58054
72808
21247
84848
17450
73618
29275
80965
63143
62323
88564
87753
16474
88628
56660
61101
64352
90244
79393
18093
24979
61390
57120
26996
69150
95096
34271
45571
23051
47191
87679
34101
36123
21076
22512
88542
59426
60483
91421
62726
65378
86656
73159
81014
36487
23168
98323
67972
50685
70701
43526
40971
68350
74312
35025
88690
94316
47570
18510
48452
17661
73825
15028
15115
96991
90827
39161
59238
89745
56573
71442
89512
59605
63613
64589
96648
25977
68842
26475
53697
34348
44545
23523
68252
37178
90693
24227
77503
84977
96618
93771
56951
13817
72333
82336
82250
38812
27372
81584
82454
99399
40251
35178
36751
51089
61231
83287
24564
57862
76325
66458
73994
58062
12591
55484
55163
39427
27931
57216
52845
49215
46441
82592
18481
82015
28669
60728
53940
80687
14347
15936
32322
49197
21826
58821
30081
38186
77581
42823
82918
49487
28705
20909
94794
53890
20366
21100
28870
92986
71105
26872
92367
96769
21646
36671
13434
13497
35675
32674
66976
24888
26908
35360
72439
90670
15429
51305
79416
77031
67641
72930
26123
35527
57754
69689
31192
54104
56771
19687
85894
43817
29580
96911
77933
40716
72080
60250
81895
57435
53921
21638
16248
ution of the monthly salaries of employees working in the organisation
 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 1
25% 50% 75% 100% 2
3 Q1
4
3 5
6 5 Q2
9 6
7
Risk Averse Risk-Taker 7 Q3
8
Stock A Stock B 8
Return 12% 18% 9
Stdev 6% 20%

Calculating Variance & Standard Deviation

12 -20.5 420.25 32.5 12.56

13 -19.5 380.25
17 -15.5 240.25 19.94 68% 45.06
21 -11.5 132.25 7.38 95% 57.62
24 -8.5 72.25 -5.18 99.70% 70.18
24 -8.5 72.25
26 -6.5 42.25
27 -5.5 30.25
27 -5.5 30.25
30 -2.5 6.25
32 -0.5 0.25
35 2.5 6.25
37 4.5 20.25
 38 5.5 30.25
41 8.5 72.25
43 10.5 110.25
44 11.5 132.25
46 13.5 182.25
53 20.5 420.25
60 27.5 756.25

3157
20
Variance 157.85
Stdev 12.563837

0 2 6 12 22 31 43 63 82 107
0 2 7 13 22 31 44 64 82 107
0 2 7 14 22 31 46 66 86 108
0 2 8 15 23 31 48 66 86 112
0 2 8 15 23 33 49 66 87 115
0 2 8 16 23 33 53 68 91 115
0 2 9 16 24 34 54 68 94 117
0 2 9 18 25 35 54 68 99 118
0 2 9 18 26 35 54 71 100 123
0 3 9 18 27 37 55 77 100 127
1 3 10 19 28 37 57 77 102 128
1 3 10 20 28 37 58 78 102 133
1 4 11 21 30 38 59 79 105 136
1 5 11 22 31 38 61 80 106 139
1 6 12 22 31 40 62 81 107 183
 1 -4.4166667 19.5069444
2 -3.4166667 11.6736111
3 -2.4166667 5.84027778
4 -1.4166667 2.00694445
5 -0.4166667 0.17361111
5 -0.4166667 0.17361111
6 0.58333333 0.34027778
Median 7 1.58333333 2.50694444
7 1.58333333 2.50694444
8 2.58333333 6.67361111
8 2.58333333 6.67361111
9 3.58333333 12.8402778
5.41666667 70.9166667 Variance
8.4212034 Standard Deviation
6th Decile
8th Decile
A company has collected data on the number of defective bulbs produced each day in a year.

Day Defects
Day 1 2
Day 2 3
Day 3 9 Probability Distribution for each possible Number of defects in a day.
Day 4 2
Day 5 8 Number of defecCount of Day Probabilities
Day 6 8 1 26 0.07123288
Day 7 7 2 33 0.09041096
Day 8 1 3 36 0.09863014
Day 9 2 4 29 0.07945205
Day 10 8 5 31 0.08493151
Day 11 2 6 32 0.08767123
Day 12 3 7 32 0.08767123
Day 13 5 8 39 0.10684932
Day 14 9 9 24 0.06575342
Day 15 3 10 28 0.07671233
Day 16 12 11 23 0.0630137
Day 17 5 12 32 0.08767123
Day 18 5 Grand Total 365 1
Day 19 1
Day 20 5
Day 21 5 Row Labels Count of Day
Day 22 5 1 26
Day 23 1 2 33
Day 24 9 3 36
Day 25 11 4 29
Day 26 4 5 31
Day 27 7 6 32
Day 28 5 7 32
Day 29 7 8 39
Day 30 9 9 24
Day 31 6 10 28
Day 32 5 11 23
Day 33 1 12 32
Day 34 4 Grand Total 365
Day 35 12
Day 36 4
Day 37 1
Day 38 9
Day 39 1
Day 40 4
Day 41 2
Day 42 2
Day 43 7
Day 44 10
Day 45 12
Day 46 6
Day 47 11
Day 48 8
Day 49 6
Day 50 3
Day 51 7
Day 52 7
Day 53 11
Day 54 4
Day 55 6
Day 56 12
Day 57 8
Day 58 6
Day 59 8
Day 60 5
Day 61 12
Day 62 7
Day 63 12
Day 64 12
Day 65 3
Day 66 7
Day 67 12
Day 68 4
Day 69 12
Day 70 8
Day 71 2
Day 72 4
Day 73 2
Day 74 8
Day 75 5
Day 76 8
Day 77 5
Day 78 11
Day 79 12
Day 80 2
Day 81 8
Day 82 3
Day 83 1
Day 84 6
Day 85 12
Day 86 8
Day 87 12
Day 88 3
Day 89 12
Day 90 9
Day 91 7
Day 92 4
Day 93 8
Day 94 7
Day 95 11
Day 96 6
Day 97 2
Day 98 2
Day 99 3
Day 100 12
Day 101 10
Day 102 2
Day 103 4
Day 104 3
Day 105 2
Day 106 1
Day 107 1
Day 108 7
Day 109 2
Day 110 6
Day 111 10
Day 112 5
Day 113 3
Day 114 9
Day 115 6
Day 116 9
Day 117 1
Day 118 1
Day 119 3
Day 120 5
Day 121 7
Day 122 8
Day 123 6
Day 124 8
Day 125 8
Day 126 7
Day 127 4
Day 128 11
Day 129 11
Day 130 4
Day 131 10
Day 132 5
Day 133 1
Day 134 1
Day 135 7
Day 136 8
Day 137 5
Day 138 11
Day 139 2
Day 140 9
Day 141 3
Day 142 3
Day 143 3
Day 144 9
Day 145 12
Day 146 10
Day 147 3
Day 148 4
Day 149 12
Day 150 11
Day 151 5
Day 152 4
Day 153 3
Day 154 9
Day 155 11
Day 156 1
Day 157 4
Day 158 2
Day 159 2
Day 160 2
Day 161 7
Day 162 5
Day 163 10
Day 164 6
Day 165 4
Day 166 11
Day 167 2
Day 168 6
Day 169 6
Day 170 10
Day 171 6
Day 172 6
Day 173 7
Day 174 5
Day 175 10
Day 176 2
Day 177 8
Day 178 3
Day 179 8
Day 180 8
Day 181 3
Day 182 5
Day 183 2
Day 184 8
Day 185 6
Day 186 3
Day 187 10
Day 188 3
Day 189 8
Day 190 2
Day 191 8
Day 192 8
Day 193 6
Day 194 10
Day 195 9
Day 196 8
Day 197 7
Day 198 4
Day 199 11
Day 200 9
Day 201 3
Day 202 12
Day 203 6
Day 204 2
Day 205 2
Day 206 3
Day 207 11
Day 208 1
Day 209 7
Day 210 8
Day 211 3
Day 212 10
Day 213 3
Day 214 7
Day 215 11
Day 216 8
Day 217 8
Day 218 8
Day 219 4
Day 220 11
Day 221 6
Day 222 1
Day 223 6
Day 224 12
Day 225 4
Day 226 7
Day 227 2
Day 228 9
Day 229 10
Day 230 8
Day 231 5
Day 232 7
Day 233 11
Day 234 7
Day 235 7
Day 236 1
Day 237 8
Day 238 12
Day 239 3
Day 240 12
Day 241 10
Day 242 7
Day 243 1
Day 244 8
Day 245 10
Day 246 8
Day 247 10
Day 248 6
Day 249 11
Day 250 9
Day 251 3
Day 252 6
Day 253 1
Day 254 8
Day 255 10
Day 256 11
Day 257 12
Day 258 3
Day 259 3
Day 260 9
Day 261 12
Day 262 6
Day 263 10
Day 264 5
Day 265 6
Day 266 10
Day 267 7
Day 268 3
Day 269 10
Day 270 6
Day 271 5
Day 272 4
Day 273 6
Day 274 4
Day 275 4
Day 276 5
Day 277 8
Day 278 1
Day 279 10
Day 280 1
Day 281 4
Day 282 3
Day 283 4
Day 284 7
Day 285 12
Day 286 2
Day 287 12
Day 288 6
Day 289 11
Day 290 5
Day 291 2
Day 292 2
Day 293 4
Day 294 8
Day 295 3
Day 296 9
Day 297 5
Day 298 8
Day 299 2
Day 300 6
Day 301 3
Day 302 9
Day 303 12
Day 304 7
Day 305 10
Day 306 9
Day 307 10
Day 308 8
Day 309 9
Day 310 6
Day 311 4
Day 312 2
Day 313 5
Day 314 7
Day 315 1
Day 316 1
Day 317 4
Day 318 11
Day 319 9
Day 320 12
Day 321 1
Day 322 5
Day 323 2
Day 324 5
Day 325 10
Day 326 9
Day 327 9
Day 328 10
Day 329 12
Day 330 6
Day 331 10
Day 332 4
Day 333 10
Day 334 1
Day 335 11
Day 336 3
Day 337 12
Day 338 10
Day 339 5
Day 340 1
Day 341 3
Day 342 7
Day 343 6
Day 344 4
Day 345 12
Day 346 11
Day 347 8
Day 348 12
Day 349 7
Day 350 7
Day 351 2
Day 352 7
Day 353 3
Day 354 6
Day 355 12
Day 356 5
Day 357 9
Day 358 11
Day 359 5
Day 360 3
Day 361 10
Day 362 2
Day 363 4
Day 364 8
Day 365 12
When we roll a die, there are 6 possible outcomes, and only 1 outcome will be final, so the probability here will be 1/6.

There is a bag with 5 blue balls, 3 red balls, and 6 white balls. If I draw 1 ball at random, what is the probability that it will be a white ball?
P(white ball)= 6/14

Sum of 2 dice
First Die
1 2 3 4 5 6
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
2 3 4 5 6 7 8
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 P(Sum<4)
Second Die
4 5 6 7 8 9 10 P(Sum=0)
5 6 7 8 9 10 11 P(Sum>=8)
6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Product of 2 dice
First Die
1 2 3 4 5 6
1 1 2 3 4 5 6
2 2 4 6 8 10 12
3 3 6 9 12 15 18
Second Die
4 5 8 12 16 20 24
5 6 10 15 20 25 30
6 7 12 18 24 30 36

13 Spades 13 Clubs 13 Hearts 13 Diamonds

A A A A Aces Highest Value
2 2 2 2

Number
Cards
 3 3 3 3
4 4 4 4 1st 2nd
5 5 5 5 Diamond King
Number
6 6 6 6 Cards
7 7 7 7 0.25 0.07692308 When sampling is done with replacem
8 8 8 8
9 9 9 9 =13/52 =?/51 Without replacement: When sampling i
10 10 10 10
Jack Jack Jack Jack
Queen Queen Queen Queen Face Cards
King King King King King is the highest among face cards, second highest among all

Binomial Distribution

n Prob
0 0.00097656
1 0.00976563
2 0.04394531
3 0.1171875
4 0.20507813
P(Head) 5 0.24609375
6 0.20507813
7 0.1171875
8 0.04394531
9 0.00976563
10 0.00097656
 P(Exactly 5 heads) 0.24609375 Individual probability of exactly 5 heads

P(Exactly 3 heads) 0.1171875 Individual probability of exactly 3 heads

P(3 or less heads) 0.171875 Cummulative probabilities for 0 heads to 3 heads

P(Less than 5 heads) 0.37695313 Cummulative probabilities for 0 heads to 4 heads

P(More than 8 heads) 0.01074219 Cummulative probabilities for 9 heads to 10 heads

P(5 or more heads) 0.62304688 Cummulative probabilities for 5 heads to 10 heads

HyperGeometric Distribution

Sample_s 7
number_sample 10
population_s 101
number_pop 196 101+95

0.13039643 HYPGEOMDIST(7,10,101,196)
The probability of 7 women out of 10 randomly selected voters is 13%
When population size is 196 & number of women in the population is 101.

Geometric Distribution

number_f(no. of failure) 2
number_s(no. of successes) 1
probability_s 0.2

0.128 NEGBINOMDIST(2,1,0.2)
 Negative Binomial Distribution

number_f(no. of failure) 5 Attempts Success

number_s(no. of successes) 3 1
probability_s 0.2 2 1
3
0.05505024 NEGBINOMDIST(5,3,0.2) 4
5 1
6
7
8 1

P(Hitting Bull's Eye in the game of archery) = 0.6

Totally 5 attempts of shooting
Find the probability of 1st bull's eye on 4th attempt

0.0384 NEGBINOMDIST(3,1,0.6)

Poisson Distribution

Number of people entering a restaurant per hour is 12.

Find probability of 15 people entering the restaurant in the next hour.

x 15 0 6.1442124E-06
mean 12 1 7.3730548E-05
cummulative 0 2 0.00044238329
3 0.00176953316
4 0.00530859947
0.07239112 POISSON(15,12,FALSE) 5 0.01274063874
6 0.02548127747
Now find probability of more than 15 people entering the restaurant in the next hour. 7 0.04368218995
8 0.06552328493
x 15 9 0.0873643799
mean 12 10 0.10483725588
cummulative 1 11 0.11436791551
12 0.11436791551
0.15558435 1-POISSON(15,12,TRUE) 13 0.10557038355
14 0.09048890018
Now find probability of less than 10 people entering the restaurant in the next hour. 15 0.07239112015
16 0.05429334011
x 9 17 0.03832471067
mean 12 18 0.02554980711
cummulative 1 19 0.01613672028
20 0.00968203217
0.24239216 POISSON(9,12,TRUE) 21 0.00553258981
22 0.00301777626
Now find probability of 11 or less people entering the restaurant in the next hour. 23 0.00157449196
24 0.00078724598
x 11 25 0.00037787807
mean 12 26 0.00017440526
cummulative 1 27 7.751345E-05
28 3.322005E-05
0.46159733 POISSON(11,12,TRUE) 29 1.3746228E-05
30 5.4984911E-06
 10 coins together Probability Distribution

0 0.00097656 0.00097656 0 5.9049E-06

1 0.00976563 0.01074219 1 0.000137781
2 0.04394531 0.0546875 2 0.0014467005
3 0.1171875 0.171875 3 0.009001692
4 0.20507813 0.37695313 4 0.036756909
Heads 5 0.24609375 0.62304688 Team A 5 0.1029193452
6 0.20507813 0.828125 6 0.200120949
7 0.1171875 0.9453125 7 0.266827932
8 0.04394531 0.98925781 8 0.2334744405
9 0.00976563 0.99902344 9 0.121060821
10 0.00097656 1 10 0.0282475249
1 1

7 or less
0.9453125 at max 7
atmost 7

Greater than 7 heads Not include 7

Atleast 7 heads Include 7
 Minimum 7 heads Include 7
7 or more Include 7
7 or greater Include 7

0.62304688
0.08333333
0
0.41666667

8.33333333
 n sampling is done with replacement, then events are considered to be independent, meaning the result of the first pick will not change the probabilities for the sec

hout replacement: When sampling is done without replacement, each member of a population may be chosen only once.

nd highest among all

1
he probabilities for the second pick.
1

4
a
b
c

7
a
b

8
a
b
c
9
60% of people who purchase sports cars are men. If 10 sports car owners are randomly selected, find the probability that exactly 7 are men.

In a large restaurant, an average of 3 out of every 5 customers ask for water with their meal. A random sample of 10 customers is selected. Find the probability that e
with their meal, and find the probability that less than 9 ask for water with their meal.

Twenty four people had a blood test and the results are shown below. A , B , B , AB , AB , B , O , O , AB , O , B , A, AB , A , O , O , AB , B , O , A , AB , O , B , A . Construct
for the data. If a person is selected randomly from the group of twenty four people, what is the probability that his/her blood type is not O?

A die is tossed 3 times. What is the probability of

No fives turning up?
1 five?
3 fives?

Hospital records show that of patients suffering from a certain disease, 75% die of it. What is the probability that of 6 randomly selected patients, 4 will recover?

In the old days, there was a probability of 0.8 of success in any attempt to make a telephone call. (This often depended on the importance of the person making the ca
curiosity!) Calculate the probability of having 7 successes in 10 attempts.

A (blindfolded) marksman finds that on the average he hits the target 4 times out of 5. If he fires 4 shots, what is the probability of?
More than 2 hits?
At least 3 misses?

A life insurance salesman sells on the average 3 life insurance policies per week.
Calculate the probability that in a given week he will sell some policies.
Calculate the probability he will sell 2 or more policies but less than 5 policies.
Assuming that there are 5 working days per week, what is the probability that in a given day he will sell one policy?
Sales
0.91668551 916.69 0
0.61484526 614.85 50 0 Frequency 35
30
0.15985985 159.86 100 50 30
25
0.73611714 736.12 150 100 28 20

Frequency
0.87798905 877.99 200 150 22 15
0.20264518 202.65 250 200 26 10
0.03100827 31.01 300 250 20 5
0.29080301 350 0
290.80 300 32
0.86767878 867.68 400 350 24
0.15687641 156.88 Mean 506.88 450 400 21
0.91782014 917.82 Median 509.27 500 450 20
0.91294581 912.95 550 500 25
0.57167623 571.68 600 550 18
0.304079 304.08 650 600 14
0.97696053 976.96 700 650 24
0.48813352 488.13 750 700 27
0.03762078 37.62 800 750 24
0.76055675 760.56 850 800 30
0.91920658 919.21 900 850 31
0.15360155 153.60 950 900 24
0.96883883 968.84 1000 950 29
0.35258747 352.59 1000 29
0.24020889 240.21 More 0
0.0073231 7.32
0.93901472 939.01
0.60403775 604.04
0.99593571 995.94
0.76332502 763.33
0.40813659 408.14
0.99409676 994.10
0.7765509 776.55
0.88116453 881.16
0.67216557 672.17
0.90280829 902.81
0.49910025 499.10
0.62861826 628.62
0.67202522 672.03
0.72250803 722.51
0.42161633 421.62
0.48855223 488.55
0.68137916 681.38
0.48308611 483.09
0.18061981 180.62
0.36136776 361.37
0.14739655 147.40
0.82437096 824.37
0.74332005 743.32
0.04680885 46.81
0.71634982 716.35
0.76916427 769.16
0.48229971 482.30
0.5761207 576.12
0.06926078 69.26
0.60095049 600.95
0.97618303 976.18
0.9972885 997.29
0.5134496 513.45
0.76538592 765.39
0.67673621 676.74
0.58905667 589.06
0.49317072 493.17
0.56199645 562.00
0.33287785 332.88
0.92230443 922.30
0.22638245 226.38
0.18384982 183.85
0.18517961 185.18
0.67148701 671.49
0.12525372 125.25
0.86685622 866.86
0.22541411 225.41
0.97786819 977.87
0.29291845 292.92
0.60508859 605.09
0.18371792 183.72
0.19907564 199.08
0.04986899 49.87
0.43091591 430.92
0.39118006 391.18
0.03456378 34.56
0.92782451 927.82
0.17458759 174.59
0.29900217 299.00
0.39817666 398.18
0.48558413 485.58
0.78259279 782.59
0.31990944 319.91
0.23414892 234.15
0.4970893 497.09
0.07199808 72.00
0.57674628 576.75
0.88563156 885.63
0.73285459 732.85
0.2549332 254.93
0.47255191 472.55
0.23972586 239.73
0.28409124 284.09
0.81112022 811.12
0.28103743 281.04
0.31688414 316.88
0.59311935 593.12
0.05125524 51.26
0.31666225 316.66
0.9265107 926.51
0.26694057 266.94
0.60449273 604.49
0.82823578 828.24
0.48910968 489.11
0.74288582 742.89
0.78201035 782.01
0.10076701 100.77
0.0193621 19.36
0.27440538 274.41
0.28088881 280.89
0.3284121 328.41
0.7796523 779.65
0.60853408 608.53
0.08409495 84.09
0.85087711 850.88
0.70600311 706.00
0.65572403 655.72
0.42406075 424.06
0.45487317 454.87
0.97982217 979.82
0.01104867 11.05
0.65047046 650.47
0.31790737 317.91
0.26388612 263.89
0.80380452 803.80
0.68750154 687.50
0.04904588 49.05
0.7215001 721.50
0.30646226 306.46
0.72887331 728.87
0.813675 813.67
0.75481485 754.81
0.8203557 820.36
0.55861625 558.62
0.14030034 140.30
0.77258905 772.59
0.83027929 830.28
0.56926179 569.26
0.01436853 14.37
0.05282689 52.83
0.33429656 334.30
0.91061915 910.62
0.71880322 718.80
0.34445494 344.45
0.18043688 180.44
0.08868237 88.68
0.17193083 171.93
0.44242177 442.42
0.13812227 138.12
0.75400084 754.00
0.32299133 322.99
0.76816345 768.16
0.21521492 215.21
0.03943117 39.43
0.13412317 134.12
0.64960063 649.60
0.19018165 190.18
0.45625428 456.25
0.49226726 492.27
0.64328514 643.29
0.67669456 676.69
0.48396234 483.96
0.06783285 67.83
0.37624371 376.24
0.38740085 387.40
0.94933444 949.33
0.29371918 293.72
0.75159516 751.60
0.02610199 26.10
0.02493316 24.93
0.33398553 333.99
0.48279435 482.79
0.391459 391.46
0.65181976 651.82
0.8148024 814.80
0.96095912 960.96
0.15085462 150.85
0.53612924 536.13
0.08491702 84.92
0.46505079 465.05
0.75944061 759.44
0.76169206 761.69
0.38418584 384.19
0.18730088 187.30
0.8845891 884.59
0.52743424 527.43
0.14825596 148.26
 0.9980389 998.04
0.15193792 151.94
0.41955092 419.55
0.51471774 514.72
0.3020909 302.09
0.02706593 27.07
0.64939125 649.39
0.055876 55.88
0.76367672 763.68
0.80363839 803.64
0.50952103 509.52
0.84321531 843.22
0.47579911 475.80
0.90276715 902.77
0.85241296 852.41
0.72244846 722.45
0.42094744 420.95
0.14675063 146.75
0.13886789 138.87
0.95600131 956.00
0.36647736 366.48
0.29094615 290.95
0.38062725 380.63
0.70902289 709.02
0.20123587 201.24
0.20267436 202.67
0.43426439 434.26
0.6109868 610.99
0.21379548 213.80
0.76332147 763.32
0.65204588 652.05
0.9586134 958.61
0.96164193 961.64
0.99617009 996.17
0.91191347 911.91
0.6189951 619.00
0.16404119 164.04
0.07283826 72.84
0.09786345 97.86
0.41178673 411.79
0.92164684 921.65
0.43569364 435.69
0.06170015 61.70
0.66161248 661.61
0.84161224 841.61
0.11812878 118.13
0.23773375 237.73
0.30160432 301.60
0.30850667 308.51
0.67452478 674.52
0.76661193 766.61
0.14104092 141.04
0.95054137 950.54
0.60799822 608.00
0.9420952 942.10
0.90398397 903.98
0.35202587 352.03
0.64333775 643.34
0.4891959 489.20
0.0799231 79.92
0.97147807 971.48
0.41807815 418.08
0.82963038 829.63
0.09357783 93.58
0.11502721 115.03
0.35838155 358.38
0.603853 603.85
0.06999156 69.99
0.40251614 402.52
0.61199748 612.00
0.13282978 132.83
0.744749 744.75
0.90641291 906.41
0.17671261 176.71
0.71736412 717.36
0.31759474 317.59
0.69588902 695.89
0.35357653 353.58
0.86278288 862.78
0.72425331 724.25
0.95034703 950.35
0.03537817 35.38
0.86752151 867.52
0.48726227 487.26
0.32304676 323.05
0.73468781 734.69
0.17111017 171.11
0.72011054 720.11
0.17981845 179.82
0.46626929 466.27
0.92207383 922.07
0.81536415 815.36
0.39708268 397.08
0.5125297 512.53
0.83531148 835.31
0.82691771 826.92
 0.4897858 489.79
0.78290606 782.91
0.2682858 268.29
0.98187328 981.87
0.90338889 903.39
0.43784458 437.84
0.03468618 34.69
0.08486713 84.87
0.53300033 533.00
0.52226484 522.26
0.92894651 928.95
0.83232492 832.32
0.94949811 949.50
0.71713618 717.14
0.99313581 993.14
0.23254443 232.54
0.95159494 951.59
0.4059884 405.99
0.7523441 752.34
0.33845841 338.46
0.34416998 344.17
0.02475356 24.75
0.76913018 769.13
0.66544665 665.45
0.86849804 868.50
0.85068786 850.69
0.52735208 527.35
0.8234738 823.47
0.8371823 837.18
0.60483187 604.83
0.04407568 44.08
0.65404848 654.05
0.36877543 368.78
0.07966532 79.67
0.82957847 829.58
0.10342066 103.42
0.24828878 248.29
0.42333946 423.34
0.20127303 201.27
0.97188186 971.88
0.64997354 649.97
0.41298439 412.98
0.10858816 108.59
0.36471814 364.72
0.78501337 785.01
0.95354145 953.54
0.86888853 868.89
0.20900391 209.00
0.77880905 778.81
0.28338516 283.39
0.93953863 939.54
0.90024524 900.25
0.0157304 15.73
0.2760389 276.04
0.09791867 97.92
0.19576858 195.77
0.86266904 862.67
0.835797 835.80
0.00911123 9.11
0.59037417 590.37
0.40179851 401.80
0.21273494 212.73
0.50933586 509.34
0.04782804 47.83
0.28703053 287.03
0.14689881 146.90
0.26971574 269.72
0.67996786 679.97
0.66849716 668.50
0.66722543 667.23
0.37963434 379.63
0.26707272 267.07
0.04561132 45.61
0.20394929 203.95
0.32617314 326.17
0.8942288 894.23
0.07237171 72.37
0.38524297 385.24
0.82387432 823.87
0.9965841 996.58
0.92062259 920.62
0.76631996 766.32
0.10870836 108.71
0.90155991 901.56
0.08510904 85.11
0.82348883 823.49
0.07473813 74.74
0.50926988 509.27
0.28153147 281.53
0.16630731 166.31
0.24138007 241.38
0.01512877 15.13
0.93701483 937.01
0.46351793 463.52
0.28317164 283.17
0.87496588 874.97
 0.6974104 697.41
0.98789735 987.90
0.47702848 477.03
0.3036426 303.64
0.16767796 167.68
0.65914537 659.15
0.80710802 807.11
0.85405373 854.05
0.86145507 861.46
0.89286047 892.86
0.79773405 797.73
0.05962822 59.63
0.95824167 958.24
0.38428726 384.29
0.73371407 733.71
0.30412577 304.13
0.11301758 113.02
0.91090413 910.90
0.03054149 30.54
0.51353934 513.54
0.82797382 827.97
0.55940658 559.41
0.6103611 610.36
0.6765945 676.59
0.75091728 750.92
0.37638433 376.38
0.75607417 756.07
0.88837179 888.37
0.27651735 276.52
0.867971 867.97
0.72231289 722.31
0.4423031 442.30
0.25978307 259.78
0.59432636 594.33
0.65633447 656.33
0.58560165 585.60
0.36471883 364.72
0.27339036 273.39
0.0062103 6.21
0.12307272 123.07
0.15492136 154.92
0.25184891 251.85
0.66271082 662.71
0.14252357 142.52
0.48152032 481.52
0.85012499 850.12
0.04557718 45.58
0.6583052 658.31
0.09949533 99.50
0.2951498 295.15
0.6393541 639.35
0.42951255 429.51
0.34455645 344.56
0.18310932 183.11
0.57883539 578.84
0.264143 264.14
0.84478986 844.79
0.68402398 684.02
0.53776052 537.76
0.08961477 89.61
0.70574709 705.75
0.04655807 46.56
0.47388518 473.89
0.66490687 664.91
0.50803552 508.04
0.28918666 289.19
0.62632724 626.33
0.01745761 17.46
0.99315185 993.15
0.28449967 284.50
0.52615438 526.15
0.40514329 405.14
0.5362786 536.28
0.98780753 987.81
0.53732264 537.32
0.10670213 106.70
0.64225253 642.25
0.52132598 521.33
0.31689935 316.90
0.80547704 805.48
0.77626794 776.27
0.80418277 804.18
0.03081154 30.81
0.73032115 730.32
0.71066268 710.66
0.18530166 185.30
0.59574581 595.75
0.808764 808.76
0.97901903 979.02
0.25500914 255.01
0.62190534 621.91
0.78467701 784.68
0.21752684 217.53
0.05787509 57.88
0.04072487 40.72
0.05178864 51.79
0.61334967 613.35
0.92740986 927.41
0.86465258 864.65
0.83083594 830.84
0.88650588 886.51
0.09306902 93.07
0.08441159 84.41
0.25430388 254.30
0.93227674 932.28
0.92683528 926.84
0.14875567 148.76
0.80242087 802.42
0.78128764 781.29
0.18811767 188.12
0.95460287 954.60
0.80968447 809.68
0.23201343 232.01
0.73349743 733.50
0.25256411 252.56
0.2609093 260.91
 Age
41
35 49
30 50 100
37 10
25 150 200
20 250 300 33 15
Frequency

15 350 400 27 20
10 450 500 32 25
5 550 600 59 30
0 650 700
30 35
750 800
850 900 38 40
950 1000 36 45
0 More 35 50
29 55
31 60
34 65
28
29
32 Bin Frequency
22 10 0
53 15 0
38 20 28
24 25 95
36 30 263
34 35 343
21 40 276
34 45 192
53 50 130
32 55 96
42 60 47
44 65 0
46 More 0
33
44 Probability Distribution Chart
30 Bin Frequency
39 10 0
24 15 0
43 20 28
50 25 95
35 30 263
36 35 343
33 40 276
35 45 192
27 50 130
26 55 96
27 60 47
30 65 0
41 1470
34
37
46
35
48
28
44
35
26
33
35
35
31
37
32
38
50
59
36
55
36
45
35
36
59
29
31
32
36
31
35
45
37
46
30
35
55
38
34
56
23
51
30
46
40
51 trials n=10
30 outcomes H,T
46 p_success 0.5
32 r sucesses 6
54
24 0.20507813
28
58 0
44 1
37 2
32 3
20 4
34 5
37 6
59 7
50 8
25 9
25 10
22
51
34
54
24
34
37
34
36
36
43
30
33
56
51
31
26
58
19
22
49
43
50
31
41
26
36
51
39
25
30
32
45
38
30
32
30
30
41
41
19
40
35
53
45
32
29
51
58
40
34
22
27
28
57
27
50
41
30
38
32
27
19
36
30
45
56
33
19
46
38
31
34
41
50
53
33
40
55
34
51
52
27
35
43
45
37
35
42
38
38
27
49
34
40
38
29
22
36
40
46
32
30
27
51
30
41
30
29
45
54
36
33
37
38
31
59
37
29
35
29
52
42
59
50
33
43
33
52
32
32
39
32
41
40
45
31
33
34
37
45
37
39
29
42
29
25
42
40
51
31
32
38
32
46
28
29
31
25
45
36
55
47
28
37
21
37
35
38
26
50
53
42
29
55
26
37
44
38
26
28
49
36
31
26
37
42
18
35
36
51
41
18
28
31
39
36
32
38
58
31
31
45
31
33
39
43
49
52
27
32
27
31
32
28
30
31
39
39
33
47
43
27
54
43
45
40
29
29
30
27
37
38
31
29
35
23
41
47
42
29
42
32
48
37
30
26
42
21
36
36
57
40
21
33
37
46
41
50
40
31
21
29
35
27
28
49
51
36
34
55
24
30
26
22
36
30
37
40
42
37
43
40
54
34
31
43
43
25
37
31
39
56
30
41
28
25
52
45
52
42
30
60
46
42
24
34
38
40
26
30
29
29
19
30
57
50
30
60
47
46
35
54
34
46
31
33
33
30
35
31
34
42
36
22
48
55
41
35
40
39
31
42
45
26
29
33
31
18
40
41
26
35
34
26
37
46
41
37
52
32
24
38
37
49
24
26
24
50
25
24
30
34
31
35
31
27
37
20
42
43
38
43
48
44
34
27
21
44
22
33
32
30
53
34
45
26
37
29
35
33
54
36
27
20
33
35
23
25
38
29
48
27
37
50
34
24
39
32
50
38
27
32
47
40
53
41
60
27
41
50
28
36
38
44
47
30
29
42
43
34
23
39
56
40
27
29
53
35
32
38
34
52
33
25
45
23
47
34
55
36
52
26
29
26
34
54
27
37
38
34
35
30
40
34
42
23
24
52
50
29
33
33
47
36
29
58
35
42
28
36
32
40
30
45
42
38
34
49
55
43
27
35
28
34
26
27
51
44
25
33
35
36
32
30
53
45
32
52
37
28
22
44
42
36
25
35
35
32
25
49
24
32
38
42
31
29
53
35
37
53
43
47
37
50
39
33
32
29
44
28
58
43
20
21
36
47
22
41
28
39
27
34
42
33
58
31
35
49
48
31
36
38
32
25
40
26
41
36
19
20
31
40
32
36
33
37
45
29
35
52
58
53
30
38
35
39
40
47
36
31
33
29
33
45
50
33
41
27
45
47
30
50
38
46
24
35
31
18
54
35
30
20
30
26
22
48
48
41
39
27
35
42
50
59
37
55
41
38
26
52
44
50
36
39
33
45
32
34
59
45
53
36
26
34
28
38
50
37
40
26
46
54
56
36
55
43
20
21
46
51
28
26
30
41
38
40
27
55
28
44
33
35
33
28
34
37
25
26
33
42
28
50
33
34
48
45
52
38
29
28
46
38
43
39
40
21
39
36
31
28
35
49
34
29
42
29
38
28
18
33
41
31
37
27
34
35
29
40
42
42
35
24
28
26
30
40
35
34
35
43
32
56
29
19
45
37
20
44
53
29
22
46
44
33
41
30
40
50
28
46
35
24
33
36
30
44
20
46
42
60
32
32
36
33
40
25
30
42
35
27
54
44
19
29
54
31
31
59
43
49
36
48
27
29
48
29
34
44
33
19
23
25
26
45
55
21
46
34
51
59
34
28
44
34
35
42
43
36
44
28
51
30
29
28
25
32
45
39
58
32
39
30
36
46
28
50
40
52
30
39
31
41
31
44
42
55
56
40
34
40
41
35
51
38
34
25
58
40
36
48
27
51
18
35
27
55
56
34
40
34
31
35
38
34
28
31
39
51
41
37
33
32
39
25
52
43
27
27
26
42
52
37
35
25
26
29
49
29
54
58
55
36
31
30
31
34
31
27
36
36
47
25
37
56
47
24
32
34
41
40
31
46
39
31
45
31
31
45
48
34
40
28
44
53
49
40
44
33
34
30
42
44
30
57
49
34
28
29
34
35
24
24
44
29
30
55
33
47
28
28
28
49
29
28
33
32
54
29
44
39
46
35
23
40
34
31
50
34
42
37
29
33
45
42
40
33
40
24
40
45
35
32
36
48
29
33
30
38
35
30
35
53
38
32
48
34
55
34
26
38
38
36
29
35
39
29
50
23
36
42
35
34
40
43
35
46
28
22
50
32
44
30
45
45
31
36
34
49
39
27
35
28
21
18
47
39
40
35
37
39
45
38
35
37
40
44
48
35
24
27
27
40
29
36
25
39
49
50
20
34
36
49
36
36
54
43
35
38
29
33
32
31
49
38
47
49
41
20
33
36
44
23
38
53
48
32
26
55
34
60
33
37
34
23
44
35
43
24
41
29
36
45
24
47
26
45
32
31
41
40
24
46
35
30
47
46
36
32
23
31
39
32
40
45
30
24
30
31
27
29
29
30
34
33
49
33
38
31
29
30
32
38
43
42
55
33
41
34
53
43
34
21
38
22
31
51
37
46
36
44
37
35
33
28
39
46
40
42
35
38
34
37
39
43
41
41
30
26
46
40
34
58
35
47
40
54
31
28
38
26
58
18
31
29
45
36
43
27
29
32
42
47
46
28
29
42
32
46
27
29
43
48
29
46
27
39
55
28
30
22
36
31
34
29
37
35
45
36
40
26
27
48
44
34
56
36
41
42
31
34
31
26
45
33
28
29
39
27
34
28
47
56
39
38
58
32
38
49
42
27
35
28
31
36
34
34
26
29
32
31
28
38
35
27
32
31
53
54
33
43
38
55
31
39
42
31
54
24
23
40
40
25
30
25
47
33
38
31
38
42
41
47
35
22
35
33
32
40
32
39
38
32
37
25
52
44
21
39
23
36
36
56
29
42
56
41
34
36
41
32
35
38
50
36
45
40
35
40
35
29
29
50
39
31
26
36
39
27
49
34
Mean 36.9238095
Median 36 Mean>Median>Mode
Mode 35 Therefore very slightly right/positively skewed data

Std Dev 9.13537349 But since the values are very close, it is almost normally distributed data

27 46 X >55
Mean 37 1
SD 9 2
3
4
400 5
6
350
10
300 15
20
250 25
Frequency

30
200
35
150 40
45
100 50
50 55
60
0 65
10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 More More
Bin
bility Distribution Chart
Probabilities
0 X The value greater than/lesser than which we want the probability for.
0 µ The average of the data
0.0190476190476 σ Standard Deviation
0.0646258503401
0.1789115646259 Z-score (X - µ) / σ 2
0.2333333333333
0.1877551020408 Probability of age greater than 42
0.130612244898
0.0884353741497 X 42
0.065306122449 µ 37
0.0319727891156 σ 9
0
1 z 0.56 0.7123

P(Age>42) 0.2877 0.29

P(Age>55)

X 55
µ 37
σ 9

z 2
P(Age>55) 0.0228 0.0228

P(Age<40)

X 40
µ 37
 σ 9

z 0.33333333

P(Age<40) 0.6293 0.631

P(Age<25)

X 25
µ 37
σ 9

z -1.3333333

P(Age<25) 0.0918 0.091

0.0918

0.1433

0.89

µ 37
σ 9

1 std dev away 28 46 68% data

2 std dev away 19 55 95% data
3 std dev away 10 64 99.7% data
0.0009765625
0.009765625
0.0439453125
0.1171875
0.205078125
0.24609375
0.205078125
0.1171875
0.0439453125
0.009765625
0.0009765625
0.16666667
0.16666667
0.16666667
0.16666667
0.16666667
0.16666667
 27 Find the following probabilities:
a. P(Z > 1.06)

Area to the left of z=0.8554

Therefore are to the right = 1-0.8554 0.1446
P(Z>1.06)= 0.1446

b. P(Z < -2.15) 0.0158

c. P(1.06 < Z < 3.00)

Area to the left of z=3.00 = 0.9987

Area to the left of z=1.06=0.8554

P(1.06 < Z < 3.00) Area to the left of z=3.00 minus Area to the left of z=1.06
0.1433
P(1.06 < Z < 3.00) = 0.1433

d. P(-1.06 < Z < 3.00)

Area to the left of z=3.00 = 0.9987

Area to the left of z=-1.06=0.1446
P(-1.06 < Z < 3.00) Area to the left of z=3.00 minus Area to the left of z=-1.06
0.8541

P(-1.06 < Z < 3.00) = 0.8541

Population Size = 100000

Sample 1 = 1000 Z-score (X - µ) / (σ/sqrt(n)

Sample 2 = 100 n= given sample size

2 2
1000 100

Sample Size 500

Average Salary 40000
Std Dev 6000

34000 46000

Salary < 30000 -1.666666667 0.0485

In a survey of a company, mean salary of employees is 6066 dollars with SD of 2875 dollars.
Consider the sample of 40 employees and find the probability their mean salary will be less than 6000 dollars?

-66
454.5774136

z -0.15

0.4404

Null Hypothesis - There is no significant difference between the salary of the sample taken, and the population

Alternative Hypothesis - There is a significant difference between the salary of the sample taken & the population.
You are an Analytics advisor of a Retail company and find from the population that the average daily sales is 20,000 USD (approx.) and Standard Deviation is USD 4000
The Sales team picks up a random sample of 25 days and claims that the average daily sales is 19,800 USD(Provided that the data is normally distributed) and recomm

Population Average 20000

Population SD 4000 Null Hypothesis - The mean sales of the sample is not
Sample Size 25 days
X <19800 Alternate Hypothesis - The mean sales of the sample
Significance Level 0.05
z -200 Since the calculated probability of 0.4013 is greater th
800
z -0.25

Prob 0.4013 > 0.05

Now assume that the average of sample mean from 20 observations is 18,000.
Now what is the probability of seeing the average of 18,000 or lower , if the true population mean was 20,000

Population Average 20000

Population SD 4000 Null Hypothesis - The mean sales of the sample is not
Sample Size 20 days
X <18000 Alternate Hypothesis - The mean sales of the sample
Significance Level 0.05
z -2000 Since the calculated probability of 0.0125 is lesser tha
894.427191
z -2.24

Prob 0.0125 <0.05

1 A researchers investigates that the mean body temperature of people who is 17 year old is greater than
 98.6 degrees. What will be the null and alternate hypothesis in this case? Suppose x = Mean body temperature

Null Hypothesis - mean body temperature of people who is 17 year old is the same as 98.6 degrees

Alternate Hypothesis - mean body temperature of people who is 17 year old is significantly greater than 98.6 degrees

2 A pharmaceutical company claims that a new treatment is successful in reducing heart attack in more than 65% of the cases.
The treatment was tried on 50 randomly selected cases and 15 were successful.

Null Hypothesis - The new treatment is successful in reducing heart attack in 65% of the cases.

Alternative Hypothesis - The new treatment is successful in reducing heart attack in less than 65% of the cases.

3 A radio station publicizes that the average number of the local listening audience is greater than 45%

Null Hypothesis - the average number of the local listening audience is 45%.

Alternative Hypothesis - the average number of the local listening audience is greater than 45%

A cricket selection committee has a selection meeting and is confused on one player over the selection in the team.
This particular player has a career batting average of 40 with a standard deviation of 10.
But in his recent 30 innings he has a batting average of 38.
The selection committee has a selection criteria where the average should not be less than 40.
Now they want to confirm on which statistics they want to rely on to make the selection?
Now, what will be your Null hypothesis and the Alternate hypothesis:

Null Hypothesis - The player has an average of 40 runs per inning.

Alternative Hypothesis - The player has an average of lesser than 40 runs per inning
Population Average 40
Population SD 10
Sample Size 30
X <38
Significance Level 0.05
z -2
1.825741858
z -1.10

Prob 0.1357 >0.05

Conclusion: The player has an average of 40 runs per inning.

A company pays its employees an average wage of $3.25 an hour with a standard deviation of 60 cents.
If the wages are approximately normally distributed, determine the proportion of the workers getting wages between $2.75 and $3.69 a

Population Average 3.25

Population SD 0.6
X 2.75<X<3.69

z for 2.75 -0.8333333333 0.2033

z for 3.69 0.7333333333 0.7673

P(2.75<X<3.69) 0.564

the minimum wage of the highest 5%.

 It was found that the mean length of 100 parts produced by a lathe was 20.05 mm with a standard deviation of 0.02 mm.
Find the probability that a part selected at random would have a length
a between 20.03 mm and 20.08 mm
b between 20.06 mm and 20.07 mm
c less than 20.01 mm
d greater than 20.09 mm.

a Sample Average 20.05

Sample SD 0.02
Sample size 100
X 20.03<X<20.08

z for 20.03 -0.02

0.002
-10

z for 20.08 0.03

0.002
15

Probability= 1

A International cargo company delivers product from Mumbai to Dubai Port in 50 hrs. with a standard deviation of 12 hrs. is normally di
The Company has appointed you as a Supply Chain Analyst, and you observed the last 35 shipments,
and found the average delivery time between Mumbai and Dubai is 53 hrs. with a standard deviation of 2.5 hours.
How Do you prove that your study is accurate and formulate the Null Hypothesis and Alternate Hypothesis.

Null Hypothesis: The cargo company delivers products from Mumbai to Dubai in 50hrs

Alternate Hypothesis: The cargo company delivers products from Mumbai to Dubai in more than 50hrs

Population Mean 50
 Population SD 12
Sample mean 53
Sample SD 2.5
Sample size 35

3
2.028370211
z 1.48

Area less than z=1.48 0.9306

Area less than z=1.48 0.0694

Prob(Shipment time > 53 is 0.06

Conclusion: The cargo company delivers products from Mumbai to Dubai in 50hrs & the time duration has not really increased.

Two Sample T-Test

Sample 1 Average no of defectSample 2 Average no of defective pieces after project implementation on sample 2
1 5 1 4
2 9 2 7
3 4 3 3 t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Eq
4 8 4 7
5 7 5 5
6 11 6 9 Mean
7 10 7 8 Variance
8 8 8 6 Observations
9 6 9 4 Pooled Variance
10 7 10 6 Hypothesized Mean D
df
t Stat
 P(T<=t) one-tail
t Critical one-tail
P(T<=t) two-tail
t Critical two-tail

Null Hypothesis: There is no significant difference between Sample 1 & Sample 2, and the defect rates have not been reduced.

Alternate Hypothesis: There is a significant difference between Sample 1 & Sample 2, and the defect rates have been reduced.

Conclusion : Since the P-value of 0.048 is lesser than the significance level of 0.05, we can conclude that the Alternate hypothesis is true,

t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Un

Mean
Variance
Observations
Hypothesized Mean D
df
t Stat
P(T<=t) one-tail
t Critical one-tail
P(T<=t) two-tail
t Critical two-tail

Paired Sample Test

Students Job offers before MoJob offers after Mock interview

1 1 3
2 0 2
 3 2 3
4 3 4
5 2 2
6 1 2
7 3 4
8 2 3
9 0 1
10 2 3

ANOVA - Single Factor

Delhi Mumbai Bangalore

Week 1 980 1123 1084 Null Hypothesis (Ho): The mean
Week 2 776 1357 1025 Alternate Hypothesis (Ha): The m
Week 3 923 1152 1114
Week 4 1498 921 1182
Week 5 999 959 1022
 Delhi Mumbai Bangalore
Week 1 980 1123 1084
Week 2 776 1357 1025
Week 3 923 1152 1114
Week 4 1498 921 1182
Week 5 999 959 1022

Delhi
980 -55.2000000000001 3047.04
776 -259.2 67184.64
923 -112.2 12588.84
 1498 462.8 214183.84
999 -36.2 1310.44

Average 1035.2 298314.8

Mumbai
1123 20.5999999999999 424.359999999996
1357 254.6 64821.16
1152 49.5999999999999 2460.15999999999
921 -181.4 32905.96
959 -143.4 20563.56

Average 1102.4 121175.2

Bangalore
1084 -1.40000000000009 1.96000000000025
1025 -60.4000000000001 3648.16000000001 17819.2
1114 28.5999999999999 817.959999999995
1182 96.5999999999999 9331.55999999998
1022 -63.4000000000001 4019.56000000001

Average 1085.4 17819.2

SSE (Sum of Squares Error) 437309

Delhi Mumbai Bangalore

Week 1 980 1123 1084
Week 2 776 1357 1025
Week 3 923 1152 1114
Week 4 1498 921 1182
Week 5 999 959 1022
 Grand Mean 1074.333333
Mean (M) 1035.2 1102.4 1085.4
Grand Mean (GM) 1074.333333 1074.333333 1074.333333
D=M-GM -39.133333 28.0666670000001 11.0666670000001
Square the D 1531.41775168889 787.737796488892 122.47111848889
Sample size 5 5 5
SSC (Sum of Squares 12208

Mean Square Column = SSC / (k-1) 12208

k= No. Of samples 3
Degrees of Freedom 2.00

MSC 6104

Mean Square Error = SSE/ (n-k) 437309

n= total number of observations 15
12
MSE 36442.41667

F - statistic MSC/MSE

F - statistic 0.1674971245

Critical Value 3.89

Null Hypothesis (Ho): The mean sales for each cities are same.
Alternate Hypothesis (Ha): The mean sales for each city is significantly different.
Since F-statistic < Critical Value ----> Null Hypothesis is true

Since F-statistic > Critical Value ----> Alternate Hypothesis is true

So in this case F-Statistic of 0.167 is lesser than the critical value of 3.89
Hence we conclude that Null Hypothesis is True that the mean sales for each cities are same.

Anova: Single Factor

SUMMARY
Groups Count Sum Average Variance
Delhi 5 5176 1035.2 74578.7
Mumbai 5 5512 1102.4 30293.8
Bangalore 5 5427 1085.4 4454.80000000005

ANOVA
Source of Variation SS df MS F P-value
Between Groups 12208.1333333333 2 6104.06666666665 0.16749887722463 0.84772116774432
Within Groups 437309.2 12 36442.4333333333

Total 449517.333333333 14

If we run the ANOVA Single Factor in Excel, we can also get the above calculated values, & the P-value.

If P-value > 0.05 Null Hypothesis will be true

If P-value < 0.05 Alternate Hypothesis will be true

In this case, p-value 0.84 is greater than 0.05, hence we can conclude that null hypothesis is true
 ANOVA - Two Factor

Two Factor ANOVA With Replication (More than 1 observation per sample)
Discount Delhi Mumbai Bangalore
10% 133 84 94
107 114 123
114 138 108
150 155 148
85 78 93
20% 130 138 120
86 119 127
130 146 150
112 158 106
125 137 127

Two Factor ANOVA Without Replication (Only 1 observation per sample)

Discount Delhi Mumbai Bangalore
10% 133 84 94
20% 130 138 120

Anova: Two-Factor Without Replication

SUMMARY Count Sum Average Variance

133 2 178 89 50
130 2 258 129 162

Mumbai 2 222 111 1458

Bangalore 2 214 107 338
ANOVA
Source of Variation SS df MS F P-value
Rows 1600 1 1600 8.16326530612245 0.21433384684296
Columns 16 1 16 0.08163265306122 0.82282893447995
Error 196 1 196

Total 1812 3

Anova: Two-Factor With Replication

SUMMARY Delhi Mumbai Bangalore Total

0.1
Count 5 5 5 15
Sum 589 569 566 1724
Average 117.8 113.8 113.2 114.933333333333
Variance 618.700000000001 1113.2 527.700000000001 650.066666666666

0.2
Count 5 5 5 15
Sum 583 698 630 1911
Average 116.6 139.6 126 127.4
Variance 346.799999999999 203.299999999999 253.5 325.114285714286

Total
Count 10 10 10
Sum 1172 1267 1196
Average 117.2 126.7 119.6
Variance 429.511111111112 770.011111111112 392.71111111111

ANOVA
Source of Variation SS df MS F P-value
 Sample 1165.63333333333 1 1165.63333333333 2.28316792896318 0.14384032814323
Columns 488.066666666668 2 244.033333333334 0.47799686602246 0.62580133601877
Interaction 911.666666666666 2 455.833333333333 0.89285714285714 0.42265392435955
Within 12252.8 24 510.533333333333

Total 14818.1666666667 29

Null 1 Null Hypothesis for sample(Ho): The impact of discount on the sales is same.
Null 2 Null Hypothesis for column(Ho): The impact of cities on sales is same.
Null 3 Null hypothesis for Interaction: The combination of the discount and cities has no impact on sales.

Alternate 1 Alternate Hypothesis for sample(H1): The impact of discount on the sales is significantly different.
Alternate 2 Alternate Hypothesis for column(H1): The impact of cities on sales is significantly different.
Alternate 3 Alternate hypothesis for Interaction: The combination of the discount and cities has significant impact on sales.

Chi-Square Test

National Sales Figure Sample of 200 Transactions from New Showroom

Cars Sales Cars Sales Sales
Honda City 92 Honda City 98 49%
Honda Amaze 46 Honda Amaze 40 20%
Honda Accord 42 Honda Accord 52 26%
Honda CR-V 20 Honda CR-V 10 5%

Expected Observed
Cars Sales Sales
 Honda City 92 98
Honda Amaze 46 40
Honda Accord 42 52
Honda CR-V 20 10

Null Hypothesis : The New showroom sales are similar to the national sales

Alternate Hypothesis: The New showroom sales are significantly different from the national sales of Honda

0.03583378337 P-value
0.05 Significance Level

Since P-value of 0.03 < 0.05, we conclude that alternate hypothesis is true, that the new showroom sales are significantly different from the national sales.

Expected Transactions Observed Transactions

National Sales Figure Sample of 200 Transactions from New Showroo
Cars Sales Cars Sales
Honda City 46% Honda City 98
Honda Amaze 23% Honda Amaze 40
Honda Accord 21% Honda Accord 52
Honda CR-V 10% Honda CR-V 10

Expected Observed
Cars Sales Sales
Honda City 92 98
Honda Amaze 46 40
Honda Accord 42 52
Honda CR-V 20 10
 Expected Transactions (Comparing with 200) Observed Tra
National Sales Figure Sample of 200 Transaction
Cars Sales Sales Transactions Cars
Honda City 92 46% Honda City
Honda Amaze 46 23% Honda Amaze
Honda Accord 42 21% Honda Accord
Honda CR-V 20 10% Honda CR-V

Observed Sample
Car-Type Urban Semi Urban Rural Total
Honda City 74 52 48 174
Honda Accord 29 21 12 62
Honda CR-V 17 34 39 90
Total 120 107 99 326

Expected Values
Car-Type Urban Semi Urban Rural Total
Honda City 64 57 53 174
Honda Accord 23 20 19 62
Honda CR-V 33 30 27 90
Total 120 107 99 326

0.0004720771379

Null Hypothesis: There is no specific preference for cars in different areas.

Alternate Hypothesis: There is a specific preference for cars in different areas.

 Since the p-value < 0.05, we accept alternate hypothesis, which means there is a specific preference for cars in diffe

S No. Atkins GM South Beach

1 6 4 6
2 2 4 7
3 3 5 5
4 4 7 6
5 2 8 8
6 3 5 7
7 3 3 8
8 2 7 9
9 7 10 6
10 8 4 5
11 10 5 5
12 4 2 12
Mean 4.5 5.33333333333333 7
Grand Mean 5.611111111

Atkins GM
6 1.5 2.25 4 -1.33333333333333
2 -2.5 6.25 4 -1.33333333333333
3 -1.5 2.25 5 -0.33333333333333
4 -0.5 0.25 7 1.66666666666667
2 -2.5 6.25 8 2.66666666666667
3 -1.5 2.25 5 -0.33333333333333
3 -1.5 2.25 3 -2.33333333333333
2 -2.5 6.25 7 1.66666666666667
7 2.5 6.25 10 4.66666666666667
8 3.5 12.25 4 -1.33333333333333
10 5.5 30.25 5 -0.33333333333333
4 -0.5 0.25 2 -3.33333333333333
 77 77 56.66666667

SSE = 179.6666667
DF (Numerator) 2
DF (Denominator) 33

SSC Atkins GM South Beach

6 4 6 Anova: Single Factor
2 4 7
3 5 5 SUMMARY
4 7 6 Groups Count
2 8 8 Column 1 12
3 5 7 Column 2 12
3 3 8 Column 3 12
2 7 9
7 10 6
8 4 5 ANOVA
10 5 5 Source of Variation SS
4 2 12 Between Groups 38.8888888888889
Mean 4.5 5.33333333333333 7 Within Groups 179.666666666667
GM 5.611111111
Mean - GM -1.111111111 -0.2777777778 1.388888889 Total 218.555555555556
D= (Mean - GM)^2 1.23456790098765 0.07716049383951 1.92901234598765
Sum of D 3.240740741
n 12 12 12
SSC= 38.88888889
SSE = 179.6666667
DF (Numerator) 2
DF (Denominator) 33

F=Stat 3.571428571
F-Crit 3.31

Null Hypothesis (Ho): None of the 3 diets bring a significant loss in the weight
Alternate Hypothesis (Ha): Atleast 1 of the diet cause significant weight loss

Since F-statistic < Critical Value ----> Null Hypothesis is true

Since F-statistic > Critical Value ----> Alternate Hypothesis is true

Observed
Non-smoker Smoker Total
Athlete 14 4 18
Non-Athlete 0 10 10
Total 14 14 28

Expected
Non-smoker Smoker Total
Athlete 9 9 18
Non-Athlete 5 5 10
Total 14 14 28

P-value
Athlete/Smokers 2.777777778 8.011587656E-05 p-value< 0.05
Athlete/Non-smokers 2.777777778 Alt Hyp becomes true
Non-Athlete/Smokers 5
Non-Athlete/Non-Smokers 5 p-value> 0.05
Null Hyp becomes true
X2 (Chi-Square) 15.55555556
Critical Value 3.84

Chi-Square Stat > Crit = Accept Alternate Hypothesis

Chi-Square Stat < Crit = Accept Null Hypothesis

DF=(nrows-1)*(ncols-1) 1
sample size

0.048
Prob > 0.05

Prob < 0.05

rd Deviation is USD 4000.
distributed) and recommends that company needs to rethink its strategies to increase the sale.

ales of the sample is not lesser (the same as) than the population average.

ean sales of the sample is siginificantly lesser than the population average.

ty of 0.4013 is greater than the signicance level, we conclude that Null Hypothesis is true.

ales of the sample is not lesser (the same as) than the population average.

ean sales of the sample is siginificantly lesser than the population average.

ty of 0.0125 is lesser than the signicance level, we conclude that Alternate Hypothesis is true.
of the cases.

0.3
ween $2.75 and $3.69 an hour;
of 12 hrs. is normally distributed
ally increased.

ementation on sample 2

wo-Sample Assuming Equal Variances

Variable 1 Variable 2
7.5 5.9
4.72222222222222 3.65555555555555 0.2258823529 >15% Since the difference between the 2 variances is greater than 1
10 10
4.18888888888889
0
18
1.74805689775015
 0.04874492260149 <0.05
1.73406359230939
0.09748984520299
2.10092203686118

een reduced.

een reduced.

nate hypothesis is true, i.e. The defect rates have been reduced.

wo-Sample Assuming Unequal Variances

Variable 1 Variable 2
7.5 5.9
4.72222222222222 3.65555555555555
10 10
0
18
1.74805689775015
0.04874492260149
1.73406359230939
0.09748984520299
2.10092203686118
othesis (Ho): The mean sales for each cities are same.
e Hypothesis (Ha): The mean sales for each city is significantly different.
 F crit
3.88529383470338
 F crit
161.447638741993
161.447638741993

F crit
4.25967721362163
3.40282610540187
3.40282610540187

0.14>0.05 Therefore true

0.62>0.05 Therefore true
0.42>0.05 Therefore true
tional sales.

Transactions
tions from New Showroom
Sales
49%
20%
26%
5%
 Observed Transactions
mple of 200 Transactions from New Showroom
Sales Sales Transactions
98 49%
40 20%
52 26%
10 5%
ference for cars in different areas.

South Beach
1.77777777777778 6 -1 1
1.77777777777778 7 0 0
0.11111111111111 5 -2 4
2.77777777777778 6 -1 1
7.11111111111111 8 1 1
0.11111111111111 7 0 0
5.44444444444444 8 1 1
2.77777777777778 9 2 4
21.7777777777778 6 -1 1
1.77777777777778 5 -2 4
0.11111111111111 5 -2 4
11.1111111111111 12 5 25
56.66666667 46

Sum Average Variance

54 4.5 7
64 5.33333333333333 5.15151515151515
84 7 4.18181818181818

df MS F P-value F crit
2 19.4444444444444 3.57142857142857 0.03944058879993 3.28491765108915
33 5.44444444444444

35
en the 2 variances is greater than 15%, we must select the Option of 2 sample t-test with unequal variances.
Sample Mean 1990
Sample SD 2833
Population SD 2500
Sample size 140

Sample SD 239

1990
1751 2229
1511.135599 2468.864401

Null & Alter

z-score / t-test

0.05 Alpha/ Significance level

p-value Probability Value

p-value > 0.05 Null Hypothesis is true

p-value< 0.05 Alternate Hypothesis is true

In a company, we have 500 employees

Average salary of employees 40000
SD of the salaries 2000
 If I pick a random employee, what is the probability that his salary is 35000.
>5%
t-stat 35000-40000

2000/sqrt(50)

-17.67766953

a 6 <5% Alternate
b 11 >5% Null hypothesis
c 17
d 32
e -16

50 50

t 2.236067977
df 79

ANOVA
Null Hypothesis : The difference between the 3 samples is almost the same, and the different diets have equal impact on weight loss.

Alternate Hypothesis: Atleast 1 diet plan is significantly reducing weight than others

S.No Atkins GM South Beach

1 6 4 6
2 2 4 7
3 3 5 5
4 4 7 6
5 2 8 8
 6 3 5 7
7 3 3 8
8 2 7 9
9 7 10 6
10 8 4 5
11 10 5 5
12 4 2 12
Mean 4.5 5.3333333333 7
Grand Mean 5.611111111

Sum of Squares Within

Atkins D=X-Mean Square of D GM D=X-Mean Square of D

6 1.5 2.25 4 -1.333333333 1.7777777769
2 -2.5 6.25 4 -1.333333333 1.7777777769
3 -1.5 2.25 5 -0.333333333 0.1111111109
4 -0.5 0.25 7 1.666666667 2.7777777789
2 -2.5 6.25 8 2.666666667 7.1111111129
3 -1.5 2.25 5 -0.333333333 0.1111111109
3 -1.5 2.25 3 -2.333333333 5.4444444429
2 -2.5 6.25 7 1.666666667 2.7777777789
7 2.5 6.25 10 4.666666667 21.777777781
8 3.5 12.25 4 -1.333333333 1.7777777769
10 5.5 30.25 5 -0.333333333 0.1111111109
4 -0.5 0.25 2 -3.333333333 11.111111109

Average 4.5 77 5.333333333 56.66666667

SS Within Groups 179.6666667

Degrees of Freedom (k-1) 2 Number of samples minus 1

 SS Between Groups

Atkins GM South Beach

6 4 6
2 4 7
3 5 5
4 7 6
2 8 8
3 5 7
3 3 8
2 7 9
7 10 6
8 4 5
10 5 5
4 2 12
Mean 4.5 5.3333333333 7
Grand Mean 5.611111111
D -1.111111111 -0.2777777777 1.388888889
Square of D 1.234567901 0.0771604938 1.929012346
(D^2) * n 14.814814812 0.9259259252 23.148148152
SSC 38.88888889

Degrees of Freedom (N-k) 33 Total elements minus number of sample

Mean Square Between = SSC / (k-1)

k= No. Of samples
Degrees of Freedom

MSB 19.44444444

Mean Square Error = SSE/ (n-k)

n= total number of observations

MSE 5.444444444

F - statistic MSB/MSE

3.571428571

F- Critical 3.31
F-Stat> F-Crit Reject the Null Hypothesis & accept Alternate

In Excel
Anova: Single Factor

SUMMARY
Groups Count Sum Average Variance
Atkins 12 54 4.5 7
GM 12 64 5.3333333333 5.1515151515
South Beach 12 84 7 4.1818181818

ANOVA
Source of Variation SS df MS F P-value F crit
Between Groups 38.888888889 2 19.444444444 3.5714285714 0.0394405888 3.2849176511
Within Groups 179.66666667 33 5.4444444444

Total 218.55555556 35
hypothesis
South Beach D=X-Mean Square of D
6 -1 1
7 0 0
5 -2 4
6 -1 1
8 1 1
7 0 0
8 1 1
9 2 4
6 -1 1
5 -2 4
5 -2 4
12 5 25

7 46
 Observed Frequencies
Non-smoker Smoker Total
Athlete 14 4 18
Non-athlete 0 10 10
Total 14 14 28

Expected Frequencies
Non-smoker Smoker Total
Athlete 9 9 18
Non-athlete 5 5 10
Total 14 14 28

Athlete/Non-smoker = ((14-9)^2)/9 2.78

Non-Athlete/Non-smoker = ((0-5)^2)/5 5.00
Athlete/Smoker = ((4-9)^2)/9 2.78
Non-Athlete/Smoker = ((10-5)^2)/5 5.00

Chi-Square 15.56

df=(number of rows−1)⋅(number of columns−1) 1

Critical 3.84

Test>Crit Alternate Hypthesis is true

Alternate Hypothesis The 2 variables are dependent & there is a statistically significant association between smoking and being a professional athlete
Null Hypothesis The 2 variables are independent & there is no significant association between smoking and being a professional athlete

In Excel
0.0000801 P-Value
<0.05 P-value is less than 0.05, so reject null hypothesis.
ing and being a professional athlete
being a professional athlete
Frequency Distribution
Relative Frequency
Class(Rs.) Frequency Students Cumulative Frequency
20-30 5 (Probability)
0.125 5
30-40 8 0.200 13
40-50 9 0.225 22
50-60 10 0.250 32
60-70 6 0.150 38
70-80 2 0.050 40
Total 40 1.000

0.643058178038037 64.31 10
0.139036336756747 13.90 20
0.787290183033615 78.73 30
0.617648018041586 61.76 40
0.192160418331242 19.22 50
0.960477335199424 96.05 60
0.304240229590038 30.42 70
0.760696043255201 76.07 80
0.263023534884368 26.30 90
0.01905025380459 1.91 100
0.556724840402464 55.67
0.622319042140499 62.23
0.519753432771895 51.98
0.567241851008776 56.72 <55
0.311549207729964 31.15
0.924716228028361 92.47
0.218879976013548 21.89
0.987807595435555 98.78
0.843016623530778 84.30
0.929859885687773 92.99
 Cumulative Relative
Frequency
0.125
0.325
0.550
0.800
0.950
1.000

Bin Frequency Cumulative % 4.5

10 1 5.00%
4
20 2 15.00%
30 2 25.00% 3.5
40 2 35.00% 3
50 0 35.00%

Frequency
2.5
60 3 50.00%
2
70 3 65.00%
80 2 75.00% 1.5
90 1 80.00% 1
100 4 100.00%
0.5
More 0 100.00%
0
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 More
Bin
 10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
More
80 90 100 More
 Tossing a coin 10 times
Tail Head

0 0.0009765625 0.0009765625
1 0.009765625 0.0107421875 0.0107421875
2 0.0439453125 0.0546875
3 0.1171875 0.171875
4 0.205078125 0.376953125
Heads 5 0.24609375 0.623046875
6 0.205078125 0.828125
7 0.1171875 0.9453125
8 0.0439453125 0.9892578125
9 0.009765625 0.9990234375
10 0.0009765625 1
1

Atleast 3 heads
3 or more

0,1,2 0.9453125
1000
More than 7 heads
8 or more

0.0546875

0 1

0.01
 0.001
1E-05

0.593
0.142
0.329
0.691
0.231
0.793
0.519
0.392
0.418

0.2128439047
0.4564444444

t=? -2.198794467

Department
Education Field Human Resources Research & Development Sales Total
Human Resources 27 0 0 27
Life Sciences 16 440 150 606
Marketing 0 0 159 159
Medical 13 363 88 464
Other 3 64 15 82
Technical Degree 4 94 34 132
Total 63 961 446 1470

Department
 Education Field Human Resources Research & Development Sales Total
Human Resources 1.15714285714286 17.6510204081633 8.19183673469388 27
Life Sciences 25.9714285714286 396.167346938775 183.861224489796 606
Marketing 6.81428571428571 103.944897959184 48.2408163265306 159
Medical 19.8857142857143 303.336054421769 140.778231292517 464
Other 3.51428571428571 53.6068027210884 24.8789115646258 82
Technical Degree 5.65714285714286 86.2938775510204 40.0489795918367 132
Total 63 961 446 1470

577.157142857143 17.6510204081633 8.19183673469388

3.82841426999843 4.84972194006336 6.2361301417961
6.81428571428571 103.944897959184 254.299112290656
2.38427750410509 11.7354542925929 19.7867360087687
0.075261324041812 2.01501571060647 3.9227155676883
0.485425685425686 0.688163805868576 0.913635115685083

Chi-Square Stat 1024.979247

DF 10
Crit 18.3

There is a statistically significant relationship between the 2 variables

X X-mean (X-mean)^2
12 -20.5 420.25
13 -19.5 380.25
17 -15.5 240.25
21 -11.5 132.25
24 -8.5 72.25
24 -8.5 72.25
26 -6.5 42.25
27 -5.5 30.25
27 -5.5 30.25
30 -2.5 6.25
32 -0.5 0.25
35 2.5 6.25
37 4.5 20.25
38 5.5 30.25
41 8.5 72.25
43 10.5 110.25
44 11.5 132.25
46 13.5 182.25
53 20.5 420.25
60 27.5 756.25

3157
32.5

Count 20

Variance 166.1578947

Std Dev 12.89022477

 Cricket Team 10 matches
Win Lose
0.7 0.6
0 5.9049E-06 0.9999941 0.00010486 0.99989514
1 0.000137781 0.00157286
2 0.001446701 0.01061683
3 0.009001692 0.04246733
4 0.036756909 0.11147674
5 0.102919345 0.20065812
6 0.200120949 0.25082266
7 0.266827932 0.21499085
8 0.233474441 0.12093235
9 0.121060821 0.04031078
10 0.028247525 0.00604662
1 1

0.376953125

25.6 4.5

26
21 27

We never take probability of an EXACT value in continuous distribution

We take intervals, OR lesser than a certain value OR greater than a certain value