4/26/2021
Eng. Rehab Hamza
T.A at Cairo university, faculty of engineering
Torsion
• Shear stress due to torsion
𝒚
Circular cross section
Non-circular cross section
𝒙
Open thin section
Closed thin section
1
4/26/2021
Torsion
• Shear stress due to torsion Circular cross section
𝑴𝒕
𝑀
𝜏 ·𝑟
𝐼
𝜑
𝑀 Torsion moment (torque)
𝐼 Polar moment of inertia
𝑟 Radius of circle
𝜋𝐷
𝐼 Solid circular section
32
𝜋
𝐼 𝐷 𝐷 hollow circular section
32
Torsion
• Angle of twist Circular cross section
𝑴𝒕
𝑀 .𝐿
𝜑
𝐺. 𝐼
𝜑
𝐺 Modulus of elasticity
𝐿
2
4/26/2021
Torsion
Problem1
Draw T.M.D and T.A.D for the following shaft
Calculate maximum shearing stress (G=800 t/𝑐𝑚 ) and maximum angle of twist.
2 𝑡. 𝑚 4 𝑡. 𝑚 2 𝑡. 𝑚
T.M.D Twisted moment diagram
T.A.D Twisted angle diagram 10 𝑐𝑚 𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 𝑑 𝑒 20 𝑐𝑚
40 𝑐𝑚 10 𝑐𝑚 40 𝑐𝑚 10 𝑐𝑚
2 𝑡. 𝑚
0 T.M.D
2 𝑡. 𝑚
Torsion
Problem1
Draw T.M.D and T.A.D for the following shaft
Calculate maximum shearing stress (G=800 t/𝑐𝑚 ) and maximum angle of twist.
𝑀 .𝐿 2 𝑡. 𝑚 4 𝑡. 𝑚 2 𝑡. 𝑚
𝜑
𝐺. 𝐼
𝜋 20 10 10 𝑐𝑚 𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 𝑑 𝑒 20 𝑐𝑚
𝐼 14726.2 𝑐𝑚
32
𝐼 𝜋 20
15708 𝑐𝑚 40 𝑐𝑚 10 𝑐𝑚 40 𝑐𝑚 10 𝑐𝑚
32
𝜑 0 2 𝑡. 𝑚
𝜑 𝜑 𝜑 0 T.M.D
2 𝑡. 𝑚
𝑀 .𝐿 2 40 100
0 0 6.8 10 𝑟𝑎𝑑.
𝐺. 𝐼 800 14726.2
3
4/26/2021
Torsion
Problem1 𝐼 14726.2 𝑐𝑚
Draw T.M.D and T.A.D for the following shaft 𝐼 15708 𝑐𝑚
Calculate maximum shearing stress (G=800 t/𝑐𝑚 ) and maximum angle of twist.
𝑀 .𝐿 2 𝑡. 𝑚 4 𝑡. 𝑚 2 𝑡. 𝑚
𝜑
𝐺. 𝐼
𝑀 .𝐿
𝜑 𝜑 𝜑 6.8 10 10 𝑐𝑚 𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 𝑑 𝑒 20 𝑐𝑚
𝐺. 𝐼
2 10 100
6.8 10 5.1 10 𝑟𝑎𝑑. 40 𝑐𝑚
800 14726.2 40 𝑐𝑚 10 𝑐𝑚 10 𝑐𝑚
𝑀 .𝐿 2 𝑡. 𝑚
𝜑 𝜑 𝜑 5.1 10
𝐺. 𝐼
0 T.M.D
2 40 100 2 𝑡. 𝑚
5.1 10 1.3 10 𝑟𝑎𝑑. 1.3 10
800 15708 T.A.D
𝜑 𝜑 𝜑 1.3 10 𝑟𝑎𝑑.
6.8 10 5.1 10
Torsion
Problem1 𝐼 14726.2 𝑐𝑚
Draw T.M.D and T.A.D for the following shaft 𝐼 15708 𝑐𝑚
Calculate maximum shearing stress (G=800 t/𝑐𝑚 ) and maximum angle of twist.
2 𝑡. 𝑚 4 𝑡. 𝑚 2 𝑡. 𝑚
𝑀 2 100
𝜏 ·𝑅 · 10 0.136 𝑡/𝑐𝑚
𝐼 14726.2
10 𝑐𝑚 𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 𝑑 𝑒 20 𝑐𝑚
𝜑 6.8 10 𝑟𝑎𝑑.
40 𝑐𝑚 10 𝑐𝑚 40 𝑐𝑚 10 𝑐𝑚
2 𝑡. 𝑚
0 T.M.D
2 𝑡. 𝑚
1.3 10
T.A.D
6.8 10 5.1 10
4
4/26/2021
Torsion
Problem2 𝐼 14726.2 𝑐𝑚
Draw T.M.D and T.A.D for the following shaft 𝐼 15708 𝑐𝑚
Calculate maximum shearing stress (G=800 t/𝑐𝑚 ) and maximum angle of twist.
𝑀 4 𝑡. 𝑚 𝑀
Indetermined shaft
𝑀 𝑀 4 1
20 𝑐𝑚 𝑎 10 𝑐𝑚 𝑏 𝑐
𝜑 𝜑 𝜑
𝑀 .𝐿 𝑀 50 100 50 𝑐𝑚 50 𝑐𝑚
0
𝐺. 𝐼 800 14726.2
𝜑 𝜑 𝜑
𝑀 .𝐿 𝑀 50 100
0
𝐺. 𝐼 800 15708
Torsion
Problem2 𝐼 14726.2 𝑐𝑚
Draw T.M.D and T.A.D for the following shaft 𝐼 15708 𝑐𝑚
Calculate maximum shearing stress (G=800 t/𝑐𝑚 ) and maximum angle of twist.
𝑀 4 𝑡. 𝑚 𝑀
Indetermined shaft
𝑀 𝑀 4 1
20 𝑐𝑚 𝑎 10 𝑐𝑚 𝑏 𝑐
𝑀 50 100 𝑀 50 100
2
800 14726.2 800 15708
50 𝑐𝑚 50 𝑐𝑚
From 1,2
2.1 𝑡. 𝑚
𝑀 1.9 𝑡. 𝑚
T.M.D
𝑀 2.1 𝑡. 𝑚 1.9 𝑡. 𝑚
1.9 50 100 T.A.D
𝜑 8.06 10 𝑟𝑎𝑑.
800 14726.2
8.06 10
10
5
4/26/2021
Torsion
Problem2 𝐼 14726.2 𝑐𝑚
Draw T.M.D and T.A.D for the following shaft 𝐼 15708 𝑐𝑚
Calculate maximum shearing stress (G=800 t/𝑐𝑚 ) and maximum angle of twist.
𝑀 4 𝑡. 𝑚 𝑀
𝑀 1.9 100
𝜏 ·𝑅 · 10 0.129 𝑡/𝑐𝑚
𝐼 14726.2
20 𝑐𝑚 𝑎 10 𝑐𝑚 𝑏 𝑐
𝑀 2.1 100
𝜏 ·𝑅 · 10 0.134 𝑡/𝑐𝑚
𝐼 15708
50 𝑐𝑚 50 𝑐𝑚
𝜏 0.134 𝑡/𝑐𝑚
2.1 𝑡. 𝑚
𝜑 T.M.D
8.06 10 𝑟𝑎𝑑.
1.9 𝑡. 𝑚
T.A.D
8.06 10
11
Torsion
Non-circular cross section
1. Rectangular section
𝑀
𝜏
𝛼𝑎𝑏 𝑏
𝑀𝐿
𝜑
𝐺𝛾𝑎𝑏 𝑎 𝑏
Where 𝛼, 𝛾 depend on a/b ratio
12
6
4/26/2021
Torsion
Non-circular cross section
2. Equilateral triangular section
20𝑀
𝜏
𝑏
46.2𝑀 𝐿
𝜑
𝐺𝑏
13
Torsion
Non-circular cross section
3. Open thin section
𝑀 .𝑡
𝜏
𝐾
∑ 𝑎𝑡
3
𝑀𝐿
𝜑
𝐾
𝐺 ∑ 𝑎𝑡
3
14
7
4/26/2021
Torsion
Problem3
Find maximum shearing stress and angle of twist per unit length (G=900 t/𝑐𝑚 )
𝑀 .𝑡 𝜑 𝑀 𝑀 3 𝑡. 𝑚
𝜏 ,
𝐾 𝐿 𝐾
∑ 𝑎𝑡 𝐺 ∑ 𝑎𝑡
3 3 𝑡 1.2 𝑐𝑚
12 𝑐𝑚
𝐾 1
3 100 1.2
𝜏 43.5 𝑡/𝑐𝑚 𝑡 0.8 𝑐𝑚
1
8 0.8 12 1.2 8 𝑐𝑚
3
𝜑 3 100
0.04 𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑐𝑚
𝐿 1
900 8 0.8 12 1.2
3
15
Torsion
Problem4
For the following solid section, find the torsional moment capacity if the allowable shear stress =
15 𝑘𝑔/𝑐𝑚 and angle of twist per unit length (G=900 t/𝑐𝑚 )
10 𝑐𝑚
𝑀 𝜑 𝑀 𝑎
𝜏 , 1 𝛼 0.208
𝛼𝑎𝑏 𝐿 𝐺𝛾𝑎𝑏 𝑏 𝛾 0. 141
10 𝑐𝑚
𝑀
𝜏 15 𝑀 3120𝑘𝑔. 𝑐𝑚 3.12 𝑡. 𝑐𝑚
0.208 10 10
𝜑 3.12
2.5 10 𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑐𝑚
𝐿 900 0.141 10
16
8
4/26/2021
Torsion
Non-circular cross section
3. Closed thin section 𝑎
𝑀 𝑀𝐿 𝑑𝑠 𝑡
𝑞 ,𝜑
2𝐴 𝐺 2𝐴 𝑡
𝑏 𝑡 𝑡
𝐴 Area bounded by the center line of wall thickness 𝑡
𝑑𝑠 𝑎 𝑏
2
𝑡 𝑡 𝑡 2
17
Torsion
𝑀 10 𝑡. 𝑚
Problem5
Find shear flow and the maximum shear stress
Find angle of twist per unit length (G=800 t/𝑐𝑚 ) 𝑡 1𝑐𝑚
𝑀 25 3 𝑐𝑚
𝑞
2𝐴 𝑡 1 𝑐𝑚
60°
1
𝐴 50 25 3 1082.5 𝑐𝑚 50 𝑐𝑚
2
10 100
𝑞 0.462 𝑡/𝑐𝑚
2 1082.5
𝑞 0.462
𝜏 0.462 𝑡/𝑐𝑚
𝑡 1
18
9
4/26/2021
Torsion
𝑀 10 𝑡. 𝑚
Problem5
Find shear flow and the maximum shear stress
Find angle of twist per unit length (G=800 t/𝑐𝑚 ) 𝑡 1𝑐𝑚
𝜑 𝑀 𝑑𝑠 25 3 𝑐𝑚
𝐿 𝐺 2𝐴 𝑡
𝑑𝑠 50 60°
3 150 50 𝑐𝑚
𝑡 1
𝜑 10 100
150 4 10 𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑐𝑚
𝐿 800 2 1082.5
19
Torsion
Problem6
Find shear flow and the maximum shear stress 𝑀 20 𝑡. 𝑚
Find angle of twist per unit length (G=800 t/𝑐𝑚 )
𝑞 𝑡 𝑞
𝜑 𝑀 𝑑𝑠 2𝑐𝑚
𝑀 𝑀 𝑀
𝐿 𝐺 2𝐴 𝑡 40 𝑐𝑚
𝑀
𝜑 𝜑 𝑀
𝐿 𝐿 40 𝑐𝑚 20 𝑐𝑚
𝑀 𝑀 2𝐴 𝑞
𝑞
2𝐴
𝐺 𝜑 2𝐴 𝑑𝑠 𝐺 𝜑 1 𝑑𝑠
𝑞 𝑞
𝐿 2𝐴 𝑡 𝐿 2𝐴 𝑡
20
10
4/26/2021
Torsion
Problem6
Find shear flow and the maximum shear stress 𝑀 20 𝑡. 𝑚
Find angle of twist per unit length (G=800 t/𝑐𝑚 )
𝑞 𝑡 𝑞
𝐺 𝜑 1 𝑑𝑠 2𝑐𝑚
𝑀 𝑀 𝑀
𝑞 40 𝑐𝑚
𝐿 2𝐴 𝑡 𝑀
𝜑 𝜑 𝑀
𝐿 𝐿 40 𝑐𝑚 20 𝑐𝑚
𝑀 𝑀 2𝐴 𝑞
𝑞 𝐴 40 40 1600 𝑐𝑚
2𝐴
1
𝑀 2𝐴 𝑞 2𝐴 𝑞 𝐴 𝜋 20 628.32 𝑐𝑚
2
Vent 1 20 100 2 1600 𝑞 2 628.32 𝑞 1
𝜑 1 40 40 1
𝐺 𝑞 3 𝑞 𝑞 80 𝑞 20 𝑞 2
𝐿 2𝐴 2 2 3200
21
Torsion
Problem6
Find shear flow and the maximum shear stress 𝑀 20 𝑡. 𝑚
Find angle of twist per unit length (G=800 t/𝑐𝑚 )
𝑞 𝑡 𝑞
Vent 2 2𝑐𝑚
40 𝑐𝑚
1 40 𝜋 20 𝑀
𝜑 𝑀
𝐺 𝑞 𝑞 𝑞
𝐿 2𝐴 2 2
40 𝑐𝑚 20 𝑐𝑚
1
51.42 𝑞 20 𝑞 3 𝐴 40 40 1600 𝑐𝑚
1256.64
1
𝐴 𝜋 20 628.32 𝑐𝑚
Solve 2,3 2
1 1
80 𝑞 20 𝑞 51.42 𝑞 20 𝑞
3200 1256.64
𝑞 1.15 𝑞 4 20 100 2 1600 𝑞 2 628.32 𝑞 1
22
11
4/26/2021
Torsion
Problem6
Find shear flow and the maximum shear stress 𝑀 20 𝑡. 𝑚
Find angle of twist per unit length (G=800 t/𝑐𝑚 )
𝑞 𝑡 𝑞
2𝑐𝑚
Solve 1,4 40 𝑐𝑚
𝑀
20 100 3680 𝑞 1256.64 𝑞 𝑀
𝑞 0.41 𝑡/𝑐𝑚 ∴𝑞 0.47 𝑡/𝑐𝑚 40 𝑐𝑚 20 𝑐𝑚
𝐴 40 40 1600 𝑐𝑚
0.47
𝜏 0.235 𝑡/𝑐𝑚 1
2 𝐴 𝜋 20 628.32 𝑐𝑚
2
𝜑 1
51.42 𝑞 20 𝑞 1.162 10 𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑐𝑚
𝐿 800 1256.64
23
Torsion
Problem 7
Find shear flow and the maximum shear stress 𝑀 5 𝑡. 𝑚
Find angle of twist per unit length (G=800 t/𝑐𝑚 ) 𝑡
𝑡 𝑡
𝑡
𝑡 2 𝑐𝑚, 𝑡 1 𝑐𝑚
𝑅 20 𝑐𝑚, 𝑅 5 𝑐𝑚
24
12
4/26/2021
Torsion
Problem 7
Find shear flow and the maximum shear stress 𝑀 5 𝑡. 𝑚
Find angle of twist per unit length (G=800 t/𝑐𝑚 )
From symmetry two vent 𝑀 ,𝑞
𝑀 3𝑀 𝑀
𝑀 ,𝑞
50 100 3 2𝐴 𝑞 2𝐴 𝑞
𝑀 ,𝑞 𝑀 ,𝑞
50 100 2356.2𝑞 157𝑞 1
𝑡 2 𝑐𝑚, 𝑡 1 𝑐𝑚
𝑅 20 𝑐𝑚, 𝑅 5 𝑐𝑚
𝜋 20 𝜋 5
𝐴 392.7 𝑐𝑚
3
𝐴 𝜋 5 78.5 𝑐𝑚
25
Torsion
Problem 7
Find shear flow and the maximum shear stress 𝑀 5 𝑡. 𝑚
Find angle of twist per unit length (G=800 t/𝑐𝑚 )
Vent 1 𝑀 ,𝑞
𝜑 1 𝑑𝑠 1 2 𝜋 20 2 𝜋 5
𝐺 𝑞 𝑞 𝑞 𝑞 𝑀 ,𝑞
𝐿 2𝐴 𝑡 2𝐴 3 2 3 1
𝑀 ,𝑞 𝑀 ,𝑞
1
31.41 𝑞 10.47 𝑞 2
2𝐴
Vent 2 𝑡 2 𝑐𝑚, 𝑡 1 𝑐𝑚
𝜑 1 𝑑𝑠 1 2 𝜋 5 𝑅 20 𝑐𝑚, 𝑅 5 𝑐𝑚
𝐺 𝑞 𝑞 𝑞
𝐿 2𝐴 𝑡 2𝐴 1 𝜋 20 𝜋 5
1 𝐴 392.7 𝑐𝑚
3
31.41 𝑞 𝑞 3
2𝐴 𝐴 𝜋 5 78.5 𝑐𝑚
26
13
4/26/2021
Torsion
Problem 7
Find shear flow and the maximum shear stress 𝑀 5 𝑡. 𝑚
Find angle of twist per unit length (G=800 t/𝑐𝑚 )
Solve 2,3 𝑀 ,𝑞
1 1
31.41 𝑞 10.47 𝑞 31.41 𝑞 𝑞
2𝐴 2𝐴 𝑀 ,𝑞
𝑞 0.889 𝑞 4
𝑀 ,𝑞 𝑀 ,𝑞
Solve 1,4
5 100 2356.2𝑞 157𝑞 1 𝑡 2 𝑐𝑚, 𝑡 1 𝑐𝑚
𝑅 20 𝑐𝑚, 𝑅 5 𝑐𝑚
𝑞 0.222 𝑡/𝑐𝑚
𝑞 0.197 𝑡/𝑐𝑚 𝜋 20 𝜋 5
𝐴 392.7 𝑐𝑚
0.222 3
𝜏 0.222 𝑡/𝑐𝑚 𝐴 𝜋 5 78.5 𝑐𝑚
1
27
Torsion
Problem 7
Find shear flow and the maximum shear stress 𝑀 5 𝑡. 𝑚
Find angle of twist per unit length (G=800 t/𝑐𝑚 )
𝜑 1 𝑀 ,𝑞
31.41 0.197 10.47 0.222
𝐿 800 2 392.7
𝑀 ,𝑞
6.2 10 𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑐𝑚
𝑀 ,𝑞 𝑀 ,𝑞
𝑡 2 𝑐𝑚, 𝑡 1 𝑐𝑚
𝑅 20 𝑐𝑚, 𝑅 5 𝑐𝑚
𝜋 20 𝜋 5
𝐴 392.7 𝑐𝑚
3
𝐴 𝜋 5 78.5 𝑐𝑚
28
14
