CS602-Computer GraphiCS

Note: upDate BooK

SolveD mCQS from fiNal termS paperS

SolveD By JuNaiD maliK aND team

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ALL answers are verified if found any
mistake then Correct ACCORDINGLY

1. Computer graphics and computer vision are ________ disciplines.

 Related
 Interrelated
 Same
 Different
Ref : Computer vision is, in some ways, the inverse of computer graphics. While
computer graphics
produces image data from 3D models, computer vision often produces 3D models
from image data.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_vision
2. OpenGL has become the industry's most widely used and supported
____________ graphics application
programming interface (API), bringing thousands of applications to a wide variety
of computer
 platforms.
 Dimensional
 Dimensional
 2 Dimensional and 3-Dimensional
Ref: http://www.opengl.org/about/
3. ____________ sets the reshape callback for the current window.
 glutIdle function
 glutKeyboardFunc
 glutReshapeFunc
 glutDisplayFunc
Ref:
https://developer.apple.com/library/mac/documentation/Darwin/Reference/ManPa
ges/man3/glu
tReshapeFunc.3.html
4. _________sets the global idle callback to be ‘func’ so a GLUT program can
perform background
processing tasks or continuous animation when window system events are not
being received.
 glutIdle function
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 glutKeyboardFunc
 glutReshapeFunc
 glutDisplayFunc

Ref: http://www.cs.uccs.edu/~ssemwal/man.html

5. X2/a2 – y2/b2 =1 is an equation of

 Hyperbola Page no : 70
 Parabola
 None of given
 Ellipse

6. To modify the object shape, shearing transformation cannot be used.

 False Page no : 124

 True

7. Rotation is performed around a fixed point called ______.

 Pivot
 Point
 rotation Page no : 114

8. Computer graphics is very helpful in producing graphical representations for

scientific visualization and analysis

 True
 False

9. Save a line with both endpoints inside all clipping boundaries.

 Trivial Reject
 Trivial Accept Page no : 137
 None of given

10.Dark lights are nothing more than lights in which one or more of the color
values are _____. Unknown

 Negative Page no : 230

 Positive Zero
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11.A series of _______ computer operations convert an object's three-dimensional
coordinates to pixel positions on the screen. Transformations, which are
represented by matrix multiplication, include modeling, viewing, and projection
operations. Such operations include rotation, translation, scaling, reflecting,
orthographic projection, and perspective projection.

 Three Page no : 366

 Two
 Four
 Ten

12. At a physical surface, our eye's perception of the color depends on the
distribution of photon energies that arrive and trigger our _______ cells.

 Eye Retina
 Cone Page no : 393

12.This projection technique has the direction of projection perpendicular to the

viewing plane, but the viewing direction is NOT perpendicular to one of the
principle faces.

Orthographic Parallel Projection

 Axonometric Parallel Projection Page no : 189

 Oblique Parallel Projection

13.The Phong reflection model simplifies light-matter interactions into

(essentially) 4 vectors and a number of constants. Which piece of the Phong model
is responsible for giving spheres their bright white spots?

 Specular Page no : 234

 Ambient
 Diffuse

14.In the Phong Reflection model, _______ light is the same everywhere.

 Ambient
 Diffuse
 Specular
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 Emissive

Ref: www.cs.unc.edu/~jwendt/classes/COMP136/quizzes/quiz3Answers.doc

15.A plane is two dimensional since in order to uniquely define any point on its
surface we require _______ numbers.

 Two
 Three
 Four
 Five

16.In perspective projection, for your view to come out correctly, you will also
want the _______ to pass through the middle of the screen.

 X axis
 Y axis
 Z axis Page no : 195
 None

17.Neither floating-point nor signed integer values are clamped to the range
________ before updating the current color.

 0 , -1.0
 -1 , 1
 1 , -1

0, 1 Page no : 316

18.Bezier curve is the ideal standard for representing the ________ piecewise
polynomial curves. Most complex

 Less complex
 None of given
 More complex Page no : 333

19.An object's _______ determine its orientation relative to the light sources. For
each vertex, OpenGL uses the assigned normal to determine how much light that
particular vertex receives from each light source.
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 Unit
 Normal Page no : 395
 None of given

21.Which of the following affine transforms does NOT affect vectors?

 Scale
 Rotation
 Shear
 Translation Page no : 113

22) This projection technique does NOT have the direction of projection
perpendicular to the viewing plane.

 Orthographic Parallel Projection

 Axonometric Parallel Projection
 Oblique Parallel Projection Page no : 189

23) This projection technique has the direction of projection perpendicular to the
viewing plane, and the viewing direction is perpendicular to one of the principle
faces.

 Orthographic Parallel Projection Page no : 189

 Axonometric Parallel Projection
 Oblique Parallel Projection

24) In OpenGL, there are several different matrices. We have discussed two of
them in class. Which one of the below would be used in conjunction with a
glRotatef function call?

 GL_MODELVIEW Page no : 388

 GL_PROJECTION

25) In OpenGL, there are several different matrices. We have discussed two of
them in class. Which one of the below would be used in conjunction with
glFrustum?

 GL_MODELVIEW
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 GL_PROJECTION Page no : 369

26) Which of the following is the order that geometry operations are performed in
OpenGL (where we read the order from left to right)?

 GL_PROJECTION GL_MODELVIEW Perspective division

 GL_MODELVIEW GL_PROJECTION Perspective division
 Perspective division GL_PROJECTION GL_MODELVIEW
 GL_MODELVIEW Perspective division GL_PROJECTION
 GL_PROJECTION Perspective division GL_MODELVIEW

27) The Phong reflection model simplifies light-matter interactions into

(essentially) 4 vectors and a number of constants. Each piece of the Phong model
uses different vectors and constants. Which portion does NOT include taking a dot
product?

 Ambient Page no : 234

 Diffuse
 Specular

28)Which of the following is NOT a modern application for Computer Graphics---

----------------

 ► Stop-motion animation Page no : 6

 ► Computer Aided Geometric Design
 ► Video Games
 ► Scientific Visualization

29)Both Boundary Filling and Flood filling algorithms are non-recursive

techniques,

 False Page no : 97
 True

30) TV series are made as simply as possible from the animation point of view.
This approach is generally known as ------------------------.

 Full animation
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 Limited animation Page no : 423
 Low animation
 High resolution

31) An eight frame run cycle that ------------------ frame/frames to each step gives a
fast and vigorous dash. At this speed the successive leg positions are quite widely
separated and may need dry brush or speed lines to make the movement flow.

 ► Two
 ► One
 ► Three
 ► Four Page no :432

32) ----------- Reflection is the effect of reflecting light toward the direction from
which it came, no matter the orientation of the surface.

 ► Forward scattering
 ► Diffuse Lambertian
 ► Backscattering
 ► Retro Page no : 288

33)What makes this really challenging to model is that the index of refraction for
most materials is a function of the------------------- of the light. This means that not
only is there a shift in the angle of refraction, but that the shift is different for
differing ---------------of light.

 ► Reflecting angle, Reflecting angle

 ► Refracting angle, Refracting angle
 ► Frequency, Frequency
 ► Wavelength, Wavelength Page no : 293

34) The reflected light wave turns out to be a ---------------------case since light is
reflected at the same angle as the incident wave (when the surface is smooth and
uniform, as we'll assume for now).

 ► Abnormal
 ► Complex
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 ► Simple Page no : 291
 ► Unknown

35)Tessellation can be adaptive to the _______ degree of curvature of a surface.

 ► Local Page no : 165

 ► Static
 ► Global
 ► Variable

36) __________ sets the reshape call back for the current window. The reshape
callback is triggered when a window is reshaped.

 ► glutMainLoop
 ► glutIdleFunc
 ► glutReshapeFunc Page no : 307
 ► glutDisplayFunc

37) Signed integer colour components, when specified, are linearly mapped to
floating-point values such that the most positive represent able value maps to 1.0,
and the most negative represent able value maps to ------------------. Floating-point
values are mapped directly.

 ► -1.0
 ► 0.0
 ► 2.0
 ► 1.0 Page no : 315

38) NURBS stands for-----------------------

 ► Non Universal Rational Binary Spline

 ► Non Uniform Rational Binary Splines
 ► Non Uniform Rational Beta Splines Page no :320
 ► Non Universal Rational Beta Splines

39)An orthogonal set of vectors--------------------------

 ► Must be a set of linearly independent vectors

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 ► Must be a set of linearly dependent vectors
 ► Must be made up of the basis vectors (e1, e2, and e3
 ► Can be made up of any set of vectors

40) Bezier curve is numerically the ----------------------- of all the polynomial-based

curves used in these applications.

 ► None of the given

 ► Most stable
 ► Less stable
 ► Most unstable

Ref :
http://books.google.com.pk/books?id=YmQy799flPkC&pg=PA264&lpg=PA264&
dq=Bezier+cur ve+is+numerically+the+-----------------------
+of+all+the+polynomial-
based+curves+used+in+these+applications.&source=bl&ots=MHnr87FLlQ&sig=
wG0oXJ00vxWt
EY7RnfNnOXJrc08&hl=en&sa=X&ei=nTroUaDdL6eB4ASioIHgBA&ved=0CCo
Q6AEwAA#v=onepa ge&q=Bezier%20curve%20is%20numerically%20the%20---
--------------------

40. Bezier curve is the ideal standard for representing the ----------------------------
piecewise polynomial curves.

 ► None of the given

 ► Non complex
 ► Most complex
 ► More complex repeated Question No: 15

41) Keep polygon orientations consistent to make sure that when viewed from the
outside, all the polygons on the surface are oriented in the ____ direction.

 ► None of the given

 ► Neither
 ► Different
 ► Same Page no : 340
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42)The ---------------- is most simple example that exhibits the property self-
similarity.

 ► Mosse
 ► Fern Page no : 350
 ► None of the given
 ► Thohar

43) A common mistake people make when creating three-dimensional graphics is

to start thinking too soon that the final image appears on a flat, two-dimensional
screen. Avoid thinking about which pixels need to be drawn, and instead try to
visualize ----------------- space.

 ► Multi-dimensional
 ► One-dimensional
 ► Two-dimensional
 ► Three-dimensional Page no: 366

44)Which of the following properties of rational Bezier curves fails if the weight
assigned to a control point is negative?

 ► End-point interpolation
 ► Variation Diminishing
 ► Symmetry
 ► Convex-Hull page no : 335

45)In the Phong reflection model, there are 3 constants (a, b, c) which are used to
describe the qualities of which of the following phenomena?

 ► The attenuation of a point light source with distance Page no : 285

 ► The size (in each dimension) which the light is assumed to have
 ► The amount to perturb reflection vectors as they are mirrored across the
normal
 ► The material reaction to ambient, diffuse and specular light (respectively)
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46)The Phong reflection model simplifies light-matter interactions into
(essentially) 4 vectors and a number of constants. Which piece of the Phong model
is responsible for giving spheres their bright white spots?

 ► Specular repeated
 ► Diffuse
 ► Ambient

48)When you hit a surface in ray tracing, generally shadow rays are tested against
all objects in a scene. If these rays come back saying they hit an object in the
scene, which of the following do you do?

 ► add all components (i.e. ambient, diffuse and specular) from that light
source to the object.
 ► add all EXCEPT the ambient light from that light source to the object
(i.e. diffuse and specular)
 ► add only the ambient light from that light source to the object
 ► add none of the light from that light source to the object

49)The Color Space tool is a handy tool that we can use to interactively add two
colours together to see the effects of the various strategies for handling
oversaturated colours.

 ► False
 ► True page no : 230

50)A polygon is usually defined by a sequence of ------------- and Edges.

 ► Ending lines
 ► Points
 ► Vertices Page no : 243
 ► Edges

51)Which of the following properties of Bezier curves guarantees that a line passes
through the control polygon as many times or more times than the line passes
through the Bezier curve itself? ► End-point interpolation

► Variation Diminishing
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► Symmetry

► Convex-Hull

Ref: http://cagd.cs.byu.edu/~557/text/ch2.pdf

52)Parity is a concept used to determine which _____________ lie within a

polygon. (Choose best suitable answer)

► Edge

► Vertices

► Pixels Page no : 80

► None of the given

53)The actual filling process in boundary filling algorithm begins when a point
_____________ of the figure is selected.

► Outside the boundary

► Inside the boundary

► At boundary

► None of the given

Ref: http://groups.csail.mit.edu/graphics/classes/6.837/F98/Lecture8/Slide05.htm

54)Weiler-Atherton Polygon Clipping technique modify the vertex-processing

procedures for window
boundaries so that _________ polygons are displayed correctly.
 ► Convex
 ► Concave Page no : 245
 ► Complex
 ► None of the given
55)If a line connecting any two points within a polygon does not intersect any
edge, then it will be a _________ polygon.
 ► Convex Page no : 78
 ► Concave
 ► Complex
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 ► None of the given
56)__________ can be defined as a mapping of point P(x, y, z) onto its image
P`(x`, y`, z` ) in the view plane
which constitutes the display
surface.
 ► Mapping plane
 ► Three Coordinate Planes
 ► View plane Repeated
 ► Projection
57)The reflected light wave turns out to be a / an ______________ case since light
is reflected at the same angle as the incident wave (when the surface is smooth and
uniform, as we'll assume for now).
 ► Unknown
 ► Simple Page no: 291
 ► Complex
 ► Abnormal
58)Which of the following is NOT true about quaternions?
 They are made up of 4 numbers
 They should always be normalized to length 1
 They can be used to represent all affine transforms
 They can be used to define the rotation of an object

1) In class, we discussed three forms of shading for “Utah” graphics. Which was
the first to use per
vertex normals?
 Flat Shading
 Phong Shading
 Gouraud Shading Page no : 240
59) Given any implicit equation, which of the following is true for all (x, y, z) that
make the equation exactly zero?
 All those points are inside the object defined by the implicit equation
 All those points are on the surface of the object defined by the implicit
equation Page no :205
 All those points are outside the object defined by the implicit equation
 You can’t know anything without knowing what the implicit equation is
60) When solving ray-sphere intersections using the implicit equation for a sphere,
you must solve the quadratic equation. Which of the following do you know if the
B2-4AC (i.e. the part under the square root) is negative?
 The ray intersects the sphere at a negative t… discard this result
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 The ray intersects the sphere at a positive t… continue to the solution
 The ray does not intersect the sphere… discard this result Page no : 265
 The ray begins inside the sphere… this is a special case

61) _________________ sets the global idle call back to be 'func' so a GLUT
program can perform background processing tasks or continuous animation when
window system events are not being received.
 glutIdleFunc
 glutMainLoop
 glutDisplayFunc
 glutReshapeFunc
Ref: http://www.opengl.org/resources/libraries/glut/spec3/node63.html
62) A space curve can be confined to a plane.
 True
 False Page no : 326
63) A tangent vector certainly defines the slope at one end of the curve, but a
vector has characteristics of......
 direction
 magnitude
 both direction and magnitude Page no : 331
 None of the given
64)
We allow the parametric variable to take on values only in the interval ---------------
-.
 -1 <= u <= 0
 0 <= u <= 2
 0 <= u <= 1 Page no : 321
 -1 <= u <= 1
65) The degree of a Bezier curve is equal to n-1, where n is the number of control
points
 Yes Page no : 334
 No
66) Bernstein polynomial functions are the basic functions of ______________
curves.
 NURBS
 Bezier Page no : 337
 Both NURBS and Bezier
 None of the given
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67)
A parametric curve is one whose defining equations are given in terms of a ---------
----, common, independent variable called the parametric variable.
 Triple
 Double
 Single Page no : 320
 None of the given
68)
Bit mask to select a window with multisampling support. If multisampling is not
available, a ----------------- window will automatically be chosen.
 Non-multisampling Page no : 305
 Multisampling
 Mono-multisampling
 Di-multisampling
69)
Bezier curve is tangent to the lines connecting _____________.
 First two points
 Last two points
 Fist two points and last two point
 None of the given
70) OpenGL is well structured with an intuitive design and logical commands.
Efficient OpenGL routines typically result in applications with fewer lines of code
than those that make up programs generated using other graphics libraries or
packages. In addition, OpenGL drivers --------------- information about the
underlying hardware, freeing the application developer from having to design for
specific hardware features.
 Encapsulate Page no : 297
 Shows
 Hibernates
 None of the given
71)
A space curve is not confined to a plane. It is free to twist through space. To define
a space curve we must use parametric functions that are ----------------------.
 Binary polynomials
 Mono polynomials
 Quadratic polynomials
 Cubic polynomials Page no : 326
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72) End points and an intermediate point on the curve, then we now ------------------
-- quantities that we can express in terms of these coefficients (3 points x 3
coordinates each), and we can use these three points to define a unique curve.
 Six
 Three
 Two
 Nine Page no : 321

73) Bezier curve can represent the more complex piecewise ___________
curve.
 Polynomial Page no : 33
 Exponential
 Cubic
 None of above
74)) Curve and surface equations can be expressed in either a parametric or a
non parametric form.
 True
 False Page no : 333
75) Using a lighting model based upon the Blinn Phong model means that
we'll always get a uniform specular highlight based upon the colour of the -----
----------light and material, which means that all reflections based on this
model, will be reminiscent of plastic.
 Union
 Refracting Page no : 291
 Intersection
 Reflecting
76) If the current matrix (according to glMatrixMode) is multiplied by the
translation matrix, with the product replacing the current matrix. That is, if
M is the current matrix and T is the translation matrix, then M is replaced
with -----------------.
 M-T
 Page 21 of 22
 M+T
 M/T
 M*T
77) With similar expressions for y(u) and z(u). Again the a, b, c and d terms are
constant coefficients. As we did with Equation for a plane curve, we combine the
x(u), y(u) , and z(u) expressions into a single vector
equation P(u) = ---------------------------------------.
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 Au2+bu1+cu+d
 Au4+bu3+cu2+d1
 Au3+bu2+cu2+d
 Au3+bu2+cu+d Page no : 326
78) The matrix generated by gluPerspective is multiplied by the current
matrix, just as if glMultMatrix were called with the generated matrix. To load
the perspective matrix onto the current matrix stack instead, precede the call
to gluPerspective with a call to -----------------------.
 glRotated
 gluPerspective
 glTranslated
 glLoadIdentity Page no : 313
79) Each number that makes up a matrix is called an __________ of the
matrix.
 Element Page no : 101
 Variable
 Value
 Component
80) Which one of the following step is not involved to write pixel using video
BIOS services.
 Setting desired video mode
 Using BIOS service to set color of a screen pixel
 Calling BIOS interrupt to execute the process of writing pixel.
 Using OpenGL service to set color of a screen pixel
81) Shadow mask methods can display a __________ range of colors.
 Small
 Wide Page no : 29
 Random
 Crazy
82) Using Cohen-Sutherland line clipping, it is impossible for a vertex to be
labeled 1111.
 True
 False
83) Intensity of the electron beam is controlled by setting __________ levels on
the control grid, a metal cylinder that fits over the cathode.
 Amplitude
 Current
 Voltage Page no : 26
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 Electron

84) Which of the following is NOT a modern application for Computer Graphics---
----------------
 ► Stop-motion animation (Page 6)
 ► Computer Aided Geometric Design
 ► Video Games
 ► Scientific Visualization
85) Both Boundary Filling and Flood filling algorithms are non-recursive
techniques,
 ► False click here 4 detail
 ► True
86)TV series are made as simply as possible from the animation point of view.
This approach is generally known as ------------------------.
 ► Full animation
 ► Limited animation (Page 428)
 ► Low animation
 ► High resolution
87) An eight frame run cycle that ------------------ frame/frames to each step gives a
fast and vigorous dash. At this speed the successive leg positions are quite widely
separated and may need dry brush or speed lines to make the movement flow.
 ► Two
 ► One
 ► Three
 ► Four (Page 437)
88) ----------- reflection is the effect of reflecting light toward the direction from
which it came, no matter the orientation of the surface.
 ► Forward scattering
 ► Diffuse Lambertian
 ► Backscattering
 ► Retro (Page 293)
89) What makes this really challenging to model is that the index of refraction for
most materials is a function of the------------------- of the light. This means that not
only is there a shift in the angle of refraction, but that the shift is different for
differing ---------------of light.
 ► Reflecting angle, Reflecting angle
 ► Refracting angle, Refracting angle
 ► Frequency, Frequency
 ► Wavelength, Wavelength (Page 229)
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90) The reflected light wave turns out to be a ---------------------case since light is
reflected at the same angle as the incident wave (when the surface is smooth and
uniform, as we'll assume for now).
 ► Abnormal
 ► Complex
 ► Simple (Page 296)
 ► Unknow
91) Tessellation can be adaptive to the _______ degree of curvature of a surface.
 ► Local (Page 170)
 ► Static
 ► Global
 ► Variable
92)__________ sets the reshape callback for the current window. The reshape
callback is triggered when a window
is reshaped.
 ► glutMainLoop
 ► glutIdleFunc
 ► glutReshapeFunc (Page 312)
 ► glutDisplayFunc
93 Signed integer color components, when specified, are linearly mapped to
floating-point values such that the most positive representable value maps to 1.0,
and the most negative representable value maps to ----------------- -. Floating-point
values are mapped directly.
 ► -1.0
 ► 0.0
 ► 2.0
 ► 1.0 (Page 320)
94) NURBS stands for-----------------------.
 ► Non Universal Rational Binary Spline
 ► Non Uniform Rational Binary Splines
 ► Non Uniform Rational Beta Splines (Page 325)
 ► Non Universal Rational Beta Splines
95) An orthogonal set of vectors--------------------------
 ► Must be a set of linearly independent vectors
 ► Must be a set of linearly dependent vectors
 ► Must be made up of the basis vectors (e1, e2, and e3) click here 4
details
 ► Can be made up of any set of vectors
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96) Bezier curve is numerically the ----------------------- of all the polynomial-based
curves used in these applications.
 ► None of the given
 ► Most stable (Page 338)
 ► Less stable
 ► Most unstable

97) Bezier curve is the ideal standard for representing the ----------------------------
piecewise polynomial curves.
 ► None of the given
 ► Non complex
 ► Most complex
 ► More complex (Page 338)
98) Keep polygon orientations consistent to make sure that when viewed from the
outside, all the polygons on the surface are oriented in the same direction.
 ► None of the given
 ► Neither
 ► Different
 ► Same (page 345)
99) The ---------------- is most simple example that exhibits the property self-
similarity.
 ► Mosse
 ► Fern (Page 355)
 ► None of the given
 ► Thohar
100) A common mistake people make when creating three-dimensional graphics is
to start thinking too soon that the final image appears on a flat, two-dimensional
screen. Avoid thinking about which pixels need to be drawn, and instead try to
visualize ----------------- space.
 ► Multi-dimensional
 ► One-dimensional
 ► Two-dimensional
 ► Three-dimensional (Page 371)
101) Which of the following properties of rational Bezier curves fails if the weight
assigned to a control point is negative?
 ► End-point interpolation
 ► Variation Diminishing
 ► Symmetry
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 ► Convex-Hull Click here 4 detail

102) We want our scene to look more realistic, we should use _________ lights.
 Ambient (Page 282)
 Point Parallel
 Spot
 None of the given
103) This is a simple example of line clipping: the display window is the canvas
and also the default -------------------, thus all line segments inside the canvas are
drawn.
 Clipping Rectangle (Page 141)
 Clipping Circle
 Clipping Polygon
 Clipping Angle
104) One problem with Gouraud shading is that the ----------- intensities can never
be greater than the intensities at the edges.
 Triangles (Page 246)
 Squares
 Rectangles
 Polygons
105) There is more penetration of light in case of ___________ surfaces.
 Conductor (like metals)
 Nonconductor (like dielectrics) (Page 235)
 Both conductor and nonconductor
 None of the given
106) _________ lights should be avoided because they are not for real time
environment.
 Point
 Parallel
 Spot (Page 244)
 None of the given
107) The physical range of colors a device can display is called
_____________________ of the device.
 Sharpness
 Gamut (Page 229)
 Colouring
 Colouring with Sharpness
108) ______________ is simply the calculation of color reflected by the surface.
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 Shading (Page 240)
 Clamping
 Scaling
 None of the given
109) When obtaining normals for a triangle, which of the following mathematical
constructs is NOT used?
 Vector normalization
 Vector cross products
 Vector dot products
 Point-Point subtraction
110) Loosely, the alpha component of the RGBA quad represents the
_______________of a surface.
 Opaqueness (Page 227)
 Light
 Darkness
 Shine
111) An algorithm that clips a polygon must deal with many ----------------- cases.
The case is particularly noteworthy in that the concave polygon is clipped into -----
------ isolate polygons.
 Similar, three
 Different, two (Page 146)
 Different, three
 Similar, two
112) ___________ lighting is not dependent on any source.
 Ambient Click here for detail
 Diffuse
 Specular
 Emissive
113)
In order to get a more realistic representation of lighting, we'll need to understand
how light passes through a medium and how hitting the boundary layer at the ------
----------- of two media can affect light's properties.
 Intersection (Page 296)
 Union
 Endpoints
 Edges
114) Lambertian shading was used mostly back when computers weren't fast
enough to do ________ in real time.
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 Phong shading
 Processing
 Shading
 Gouraud shading (Page 245)
115)
In Perspective Projection the point of View (POV) must lie on the
___________________.
 All axis
 Z axis (Page 200)
 X axis
 Y axis
116) If we want any object to glow, we should use ________________ lights.
 Ambient
 Diffuse
 Specular
 Emissive (Page 240)
117)There are not many different ways of representing the intensity of a particular
color element.
 True
 False (Page 276)
118) In Perspective Projection the screen plane must be parallel to
the__________________.
 Y-Z plane
 X-Y plane (Page 200)
 Z-Y plane
 X-Z plane
119) ___________ light is reflected in all directions from surface.
 Ambient
 Diffuse (page 239)
 Specular
 Emissive
120) A space curve can be confined to a plane.
 Yes
 No (Page 331)
121) To convert the information in the A matrix into that required for the P matrix,
we do some simple matrix algebra, First we have UA=UNP then Simply A = -------
------
 UP
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 NP (Page 333)
 UN
 None
122) Perspective projection is specified with the function glFrustum().
 Yes (Page 376)
 No
122) Choose a camera lens or adjust the zoom
 projection transformation (Page 372)
 viewport transformation
 modeling transformation'
 viewing transformation
123) Using a lighting model based upon the Blind Phong model means that we'll
always get a uniform specular highlight based upon the color of the ---------------
light and material, which means that all reflections based on this model, will be
reminiscent of plastic.
 Union
 Refracting
 Intersection
 Reflecting (Page 296)
124) Refractive index is a function of temperature, mostly due to density changes
in materials with changes in temperature.
 True (Page 300)
 False
125)
Length L depends on the angle alpha and the z coordinate of the point to be
projected and L can be represented by --------------------.
 z * 1/ tan (alpha) (Page 198)
 z * L2
 z * 1/ tan (beta)
 z * 1/ tan (gamma)
126) The traditional approach in real-time computer graphics has been to calculate
lighting at a vertex as a sum of the ________ light.
 Ambient
 Ambient, diffuse, and specular (Page 281)
 Specular
 Diffuse, and specular
127)
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Another way to define a space curve by using intermediate points and the tangents
at each end for making the
curve
 Yes
 No (Page 334)
128) An independent consortium, the OpenGL Architecture Review Board, guides
the OpenGL specification. With broad industry support, OpenGL is the only truly
open, vendor-neutral, --------------- graphics standard.
 Tertiary
 Binary
 Single platform
 Multiplatform (Page 301)
129) glutReshapeWindow requests a change in the size of the current window. The
width and height parameters are size extents in pixels. The width and height must
be ---------------- values.
 Neutral
 Negative
 Positive (Page 311)
 None of the given
130) A space curve is not confined to a plane. It is free to twist through space. To
define a space curve we must use parametric functions that are ----------------------.
 Binary polynomials
 Mono polynomials
 Quadratic polynomials
 Cubic polynomials (Page 331)
131)
Refractive index is a function of temperature, mostly due to changes in --------------
-------- of materials with changes in temperature. A simple correction can be
applied in most circumstances to allow us to use a value given at one temperature
at another.
 Density (Page 300)
 pressure
 nature
 volume
132) If we assign a different value to the parametric variable for the intermediate
point, then we obtain different values for the coefficients. This, in turn, means that
a different curve is produced, although it passes through the -------------- three
points.
 isolate
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 different
 same (Page 328)
 none
133) The attenuation formula is f =------------------------, where C, L and Q are the
constant, linear and quadratic attenuation factors and d is the distance between the
vertex being lit and the light source.
 1/(C + Ld + Qd2)
 1/(C + Ld + Qd)
 1/(C + L +d + Qd2)
 1/(Cd + Ld + Qd2)
144) Bezier curve is tangent to the lines connecting _____________.
 First two points
 Last two points
 Fist two points and last two point (Page 340)
 None of the given
145) End points and an intermediate point on the curve, then we now ----------------
----- quantities that we can express in terms of these coefficients (3 points x 3
coordinates each), and we can use these three points to define a unique curve.
 Six
 Three
 Two
 Nine (Page 326
146) Choose a camera lens or adjust the zoom
 projection transformation (Page 372)
 viewport transformation
 modeling transformation
 viewing transformation

148) _________ OpenGL function is used for aiming and positioning the camera
towards the object
 glLoadIdentity() (Page 375)
 gluLookAt()
 glFrustum()
 None of Above
149) A parametric curve is one whose defining equations are given in terms of a ---
----------, common, independent variable called the parametric variable.
 Triple
 Double
 AL-JUNAID INSTITUTE GROUP
 Single (Page 325)
 None of the given
150) The reflection coefficients are in the ------------------------- range and are
specified as part of the material property. However, they are strictly empirical and
since they simply adjust the overall intensity of the material color, the material
color values are usually adjusted so the color intensity varies rather than using a
reflection coefficient.
 [0, 10]
 [0, 1] (Page 281)
 [0, 5]
 [0, 2]
151) To ensure a smooth transition from one section of a piecewise __________ to
the next, we can impose various continuity conditions at the connection points non
parametric curve parametric curve
 polygon vector (not confirm) (Page 245)
 None of the these
152) The curve is always contained within the _______ of the control points
 Tangents
 Convex Hull (Page 340)
 Subdivision
 None of Above
Question # 1
A space curve can be confined to a plane.
 Yes
 No (Page 331)
Question # 2
To convert the information in the A matrix into that required for the P matrix,
we do some simple matrix
algebra, First we have UA=UNP then Simply A = -------------
 UP
 NP (Page 333)
 UN
 None
 16
Question #3
Perspective projection is specified with the function glFrustum().
 Yes (Page 376)
 AL-JUNAID INSTITUTE GROUP
 No
Question # 4
Choose a camera lens or adjust the zoom
 projection transformation (Page 372)
 viewport transformation
 modeling transformation'
 viewing transformation
Question # 5
Using a lighting model based upon the Blinn Phong model means that we'll
always get a uniform specular highlight based upon the color of the -----------
---- light and material, which means that all reflections based on this model,
will be reminiscent of plastic.
 Union
 Refracting
 Intersection
 Reflecting (Page 296)
Question # 6
Refractive index is a function of temperature, mostly due to density changes
in materials with changes in temperature.
 True (Page 300)
 False
Question # 7
Length L depends on the angle alpha and the z coordinate of the point to be
projected and L can be represented by --------------------.
 z * 1/ tan (alpha) (Page 198)
 z * L2
 z * 1/ tan (beta)
 z * 1/ tan (gamma)
 17
Question # 8
The traditional approach in real-time computer graphics has been to calculate
lighting at a vertex as a sum of the ________ light.
 Ambient
 Ambient, diffuse, and specular (Page 281)
 Specular
 Diffuse, and specular
 AL-JUNAID INSTITUTE GROUP
Question # 9
Another way to define a space curve by using intermediate points and the
tangents at each end for making the curve
 Yes
 No (Page 334)
Question # 10
An independent consortium, the OpenGL Architecture Review Board, guides
the OpenGL specification. With broad industry support, OpenGL is the only
truly open, vendor-neutral, --------------- graphics standard.
 Tertiary
 Binary
 Single platform
 Multiplatform (Page 301)
Question # 11
glutReshapeWindow requests a change in the size of the current window. The
width and height parameters are size extents in pixels. The width and height
must be ---------------- values.
 Neutral
 Negative
 Positive (Page 311)
 None of the given
Question # 12
A space curve is not confined to a plane. It is free to twist through space. To
define a space curve we must use
parametric functions that are ----------------------.
 Binary polynomials
 Mono polynomials
 Quadratic polynomials
 Cubic polynomials (Page 331)
Question # 1 3
Refractive index is a function of temperature, mostly due to changes in -------
--------------- of materials with changes in temperature. A simple correction
can be applied in most circumstances to allow us to use a value given at one
temperature at another.
 Density (Page 300)
 pressure
 AL-JUNAID INSTITUTE GROUP
 nature
 volume
Question # 14
If we assign a different value to the parametric variable for the intermediate
point, then we obtain different values for the coefficients. This, in turn,
means that a different curve is produced, although it passes through the
-------------- three points.
 isolate
 different
 same (Page 328)
 none
Question #15
Bezier curve is tangent to the lines connecting _____________.
 First two points
 Last two points
 Fist two points and last two point (Page 340)
 None of the given

Question # 16
End points and an intermediate point on the curve, then we now ----------------
----- quantities that we can express in terms of these coefficients (3 points x 3
coordinates each), and we can use these three points to define a unique curve.
 Six
 Three
 Two
 Nine (Page 326)
 19
Question # 17
Choose a camera lens or adjust the zoom
 projection transformation (Page 372)
 viewport transformation
 modeling transformation
 viewing transformation
QuestionZ#18
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_________ OpenGL function is used for aiming and positioning the camera
towards the object
 glLoadIdentity() (Page 375)
 gluLookAt()
 glFrustum()
 None of Above
Question # 19
A parametric curve is one whose defining equations are given in terms of a --
-----------, common, independent variable called the parametric variable.
 Triple
 Double
 Single (Page 325)
 None of the given
Question # 20
The reflection coefficients are in the ------------------------- range and are
specified as part of the material property. However, they are strictly empirical
and since they simply adjust the overall intensity of the material color, the
material color values are usually adjusted so the color intensity varies rather
than using a reflection coefficient.
 [0, 10]
 [0, 1] (Page 281)
 [0, 5]
 [0, 2]
Question # 21
To ensure a smooth transition from one section of a piecewise __________ to
the next, we can impose various continuity conditions at the connection
points
 non parametric curve
 parametric curve
 polygon vector (not confirm) (Page 245)
 None of the these
Question # 22
The curve is always contained within the _______ of the control points
 Tangents
 Convex Hull (Page 340)
 Subdivision
 AL-JUNAID INSTITUTE GROUP
 None of Above
Question # 23
Projection can be defined as a mapping of point P(x, y, z) onto its image
P`(x`, y`, z` ) in the ----------------, which constitutes the display surface. The
mapping is determined by a projection line called the projector that passes
through P and intersects the ----------------.
 Two Coordinate Planes
 View plane or projection plan (Page 193)
 Three Coordinate Planes
 Mapping plane
Question # 24
Determine how large we want the final photograph to be - for example, we
might want it enlarged
 projection transformation
 viewport transformation (Page 372)
 modeling transformation
 viewing transformation
Question # 25
Ambient light is the light that comes from ----------------------directions, thus
all surfaces are illuminated equally regardless of orientation. However, this is
a big hack in traditional lighting calculations since "real" ambient light really
comes from the light reflected from the "environment."
 All (Page 281)
 Opposite
 Same
 Four different
Question # 26
Silhouette edges occur when dot product of surface normal vector and the
view vector is __________.
 Zero (Page 345)
 One
 Both zero and one
Question # 27
If the current matrix (according to glMatrixMode) is multiplied by the
translation matrix, with the product replacing the current matrix. That is, if M
 AL-JUNAID INSTITUTE GROUP
is the current matrix and T is the translation matrix, then M is replaced with -
----------------.
 M-T
 M+T
 M/T
 M*T (Page 317)
Question # 28
Arrange the scene to be photographed into the desired composition
 projection transformation
 viewport transformation
 modeling transformation (Page 317)
 viewing transformation
Question # 29
In the forms of texture mapping, Image to world space and world space to
image, each suffers from different problems related to magnifications and
magnification. Which of the two shows the following problem: When the
texture is larger than the screen space it maps to, many texture units (texels)
are never sampled?
 Image to world space
 World space to image
 X-axis
 Y-axis
Question # 31
Imagine a curve in three-dimensional space, each point on the curve has a
unique set of coordinates: a specific x value, y value, and z value. Each
coordinate is controlled by a -------------- parametric equation.
 Opposite
 Similar
 Separate (Page 325)
Question # 32
We allow the parametric variable to take on values only in the interval --------
--------.
 -1 <= u <= 0
 0 <= u <= 2
 0 <= u <= 1 (Page 326)
 -1 <= u <= 1
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Question # 33
Bezier curve can represent the more complex piecewise ___________ curve.
 Polynomial (Page 338)
 Exponential
 Cubic
 None of above
Question # 34
A fractal is generally a property called ___________.
 Fractal Dimension
 Self-similarity (Page 355)
 Koch Curve
 None of above
Question # 35
Normalized cross product of two vectors on that surface provides normal
vector
 Yes (Page 347)
 No
Question # 36
Every point on a curve has a straight line associated with it called the
__________
State line
 tangent line (Page 334)
 curved line
 None of the given
Question # 36
The value returned is a unique small integer identifier for the window. The
range of allocated identifiers starts at --------------------. This window
identifier can be used when calling glutSetWindow.
 Three
 Two
 One (Page 308)
 Zero
Question # 37
Curve and surface equations can be expressed in either a parametric or a non
parametric form.
 True
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 False
Question # 38
Bernstein polynomial functions are the basic functions of ______________
curves.
 NURBS
 Bezier (Page 342)
 Both NURBS and Bazier
 None of the given
Question # 39
Geometric patterns that is repeated at ever smaller scales to produce irregular
shapes and surfaces are called___________
 Geometric patterns
 Fractals (Page 352)
 Animated components
 Segments

Question # 40
In order to get a more realistic representation of lighting, we'll need to
understand how light passes through a medium and how hitting the boundary
layer at the ----------------- of two media can affect light's properties.
 Intersection (Page 296)
 Union
 Endpoints
 Edges

Question # 41
_________________ sets the global idle call back to be 'func' so a GLUT
program can perform background processing tasks or continuous animation
when window system events are not being received.
 glutIdleFunc (Page 313)
 glutMainLoop
 glutDisplayFunc
 glutReshapeFunc
Question # 42
A tangent vector certainly defines the slope at one end of the curve, but a
vector has characteristics of......
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 direction
 magnitude
 both direction and magnitude (Page 336)
 None of the given
Question # 43
The degree of a Bezier curve is equal to n-1, where n is the number of control
points
 Yes (Page 339)
 No
Question # 44
Bit mask to select a window with multisampling support. If multisampling is
not available, a -----------------window will automatically be chosen.
 Non-multisampling (Page 310)
 Multisampling
 Mono-multisampling
 Di-multisampling
Question # 45
OpenGL is well structured with an intuitive design and logical commands.
Efficient OpenGL routines typically result in applications with fewer lines of
code than those that make up programs generated using other graphics
libraries or packages. In addition, OpenGL drivers --------------- information
about the underlying hardware, freeing the application developer from having
to design for specific hardware features.
 Encapsulate (Page 302)
 Shows
 Hibernates
 None of the given
Question # 46
With similar expressions for y(u) and z(u). Again the a, b, c and d terms are
constant coefficients. As we did with Equation for a plane curve, we combine
the x(u), y(u) , and z(u) expressions into a single vector equation
P(u) = --------------------.
 Au2+bu1+cu+d
 Au4+bu3+cu2+d1
 Au3+bu2+cu2+d
 Au3+bu2+cu +d (Page 331)
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Question # 48
The matrix generated by gluPerspective is multiplied by the current matrix,
just as if glMultMatrix were called with the generated matrix. To load the
perspective matrix onto the current matrix, stack instead, precede the call
to gluPerspective with a call to -----------------------.
 glRotated
 gluPerspective (Page 318)
 glTranslated
 glLoadIdentity

Question # 49
The basic functions fi(u) in Bezier curve must be symmetric with respect to u
and (u-2)
 yes
 no (Page 341)
Question # 50
Arrange the scene to be photographed into the desired composition
 projection transformation
 viewport transformation
 modeling transformation (Page 372)
 viewing transformation

Question No: 51
NURBS stands for-----------------------.
 Non Universal Rational Binary Spline
 Non Uniform Rational Binary Splines
 Non Uniform Rational Beta Splines (Page 325)
 Non Universal Rational Beta Spline
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