PCAM TOPIC 7- COGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL THERAPHY

COGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL THERAPY Applications of CBT

• Mood disorders
ORIGIN of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy • Anxiety disorders
• Emotional disorders
• Cognitive Therapy (CT), or Cognitive Behavior • Eating disorders
Therapy (CBT) ,was pioneered by Dr . Aaron T . • Marital disorders
Beck in the 1960s, while he was a • Behavioral disorders
psychoanalytic psychotherapists at the • Headaches
• Insomnia
University of Pennsylvania as a result of his
• Chronic pain
research on depression . • Smoking cessation
• Hypochondriasis
• Aaron Beck observations of depressed clients
revealed that they had a negative bias in their TYPES OF CBT
interpretation of certain life vents, which 1.BRIEF CBT
contributed to their cognitive distortions. • A form of CBT which has been developed for
situations in which there are time constraints o
• Beck called it COGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL the therapy session.
THERAPY because of the importance it places • BCBT takes place over a couple of sessions
on thinking, because the therapy employs that can last up to 12 accumulated hours by
behavioural design.

Theoretical Assumptions of CBT 2. COGNITIVE EMOTIONAL BEHAVIORAL

• Beck’s based on the theoretical rationale that THERAPY
the way people feel and behave is determined • A form of CBT developed initially for
by how the perceive and structure their individuals with eating disorders but now used
experience. with a range of problems including anxiety,
• The theoretical assumptions of CBT are depression, OCD, PTSD and anger problems.
• That people’s communication is accessible to • It combines aspects of CBT and Dialectical
introspections. Behavioral Therapy and aims to improve
• That clients’ beliefs have highly personal understanding and tolerance of emotions in
meanings. order to facilitate the therapeutic process.
• That these meanings can be discovered by the
client rather than being taught or interpreted by 3. STRUCTURED COGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL
the therapists. TRAINING
• SCBT has been used to challenge addictive
Basic Principles and Approaches behavior, particularly with substances such as
• Behavioral principles – basic assumption of tobacco, alcohol and food; and to manage
behavioral theories is that maladaptive diabetes and subdue stress and anxiety.
behaviors are learned and can be unlearned,
and that new, more adaptive behaviors can be 4. MORAL RECONATIONAL THERAPY
learned. • A type of CBT used to help felons overcome
• Cognitive principles – basic assumption of Anti-Social Personality Disorder, slightly
cognitive theories is that maladaptive behavior decreases the risk of further offending.
result from irrational or distorted way of
thinking – emphasis is on internal through 5. STRESS INOCULATION TRAINING
processes. • This type of therapy uses a blend of cognitive,
• Here and now principles – it is usually more behavioral and a some humanistic training
fruitful to focus on current processes rather techniques t target the stressors of the client.
than the past. • This usually is used to help clients better cope
• Interacting-systems principle – it is helpful to with their stress or anxiety after stressful events
look at problems as interactions between
thoughts, emotions, behavior and physiology
and the environment in which the person Elements of CBT
operates. • Active – the client must be involved in the
• Empirical principle – it is important to therapeutic process not as an observer or as an
evaluate both our theories and our therapy occasional visitor, but as a core and key
empirically. participant.
PCAM TOPIC 7- COGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL THERAPHY

• Motivational – the therapist needs to take

responsibility for helping to motivate the client
toward a change in behavior, affect, or
thinking. The therapist must be able to set up
the format, and rationale for the client to
consider change of value.

• Directive – the therapist must be able to

develop a treatment plan and then to help the
client to understand, contribute to, and see the
treatment plan as a template for change.

• Structured – CBT is structured in two ways. TERMINOLOGIES

First, the overall therapy follow structure that
approximates the treatment plan. Sessions have ◉ Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a short-
identifiable beginning, middle and end. term, goal-oriented psychotherapy treatment
that takes a hands-on, practical approach to
• Collaborative – Therapeutic collaboration problem-solving.
cannot be 50/50. for severe depressed client
the possibility to generate 50% of the ◉ Thinking: Different people can think
therapeutic effort is impossible. Initially, the differently about the same event. The way in
collaboration may be 90/100. For each client, which we think about an event influences how
the therapist must evaluate the client’s ability we feel and how we act. A classic example is
and motivation for the therapy. that when looking at a glass of water filled
halfway, one person will see it half empty and
• Problem oriented – CBT focuses on discrete feel discouraged and the other sees it half full
problems rather than vague and amorphous and feels optimistic.
goals of feeling good, getting better or
increasing self-esteem. ◉ Behavior: What we do affects how we feel
and think. The individual, who deals with an
• Psycho education – the therapist works as a upcoming exam by putting off his studies until
change agent. Many to problems that bring the last minute, is likely to experience more
people therapy involve skill deficits. The distress on the day of the exam that an
therapist may have to teach by direct individual who has studied well in advance. CBT
instruction, modeling or role playing. helps people to learn new behaviors and new
ways of coping with events, often involving the
• Solution focused – the CBT therapists works learning of particular skills.
with the client on generating solutions not
simply gaining insight into the problem. ◉ Therapy: Besides its special focus on the
relationships between how we think, feel and
• Dynamics – the dynamic level of CBT is to help behave, the following are fundamental to the
clients to identify, understand, modify schema. practice of CBT.
○ Qualities of the therapeutic relationship
•Time-limited – each therapy session should, ○ Goal setting
ideally, stand alone. A time-limited focus is not ○ Focus on the present
a number of sessions, but rather way of looking ○ Structure
at the therapy.