DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS

I Semester

Lec Tut SS Lab DS AL TC Grading Credits

Course No. Course Title
Hr Hr Hr Hr Hr Hr System (AL/3)
PHY 101 Mechanics 2 1 4.5 0 0 7.5 4 O to F 3
PHY 103 General Physics Laboratory-I 0 0 1 3 0 4 3 O to F 1

II Semester

Lec Tut SS Lab DS AL TC Grading Credits

Course No. Course Title
Hr Hr Hr Hr Hr Hr System (AL/3)
PHY 106 Quantum Physics 2 1 4.5 0 0 7.5 4 O to F 3
III Semester:

Lec Tut SS Lab DS AL TC Grading Credits

Course No. Course Title
Hr Hr Hr Hr Hr Hr System (AL/3)
PHY201 Waves and Optics 3 1 4.5 0 0 8.5 4 O to F 3
DC PHY203 Electrodynamics 3 1 4.5 0 0 8.5 4 O to F 3
PHY205 General Physics Laboratory-II 0 0 1 3 0 4 3 O to F 1
MD ECS203 Basic Electronics 3 0 4.5 0 0 7.5 3 O to F 3
RD MTH201 Multivariable Calculus 3 1 4.5 0 0 8.5 4 O to F 3

IV Semester:

Course Lec Tut SS Lab DS AL TC Grading Credits

Course Title
No. Hr Hr Hr Hr Hr Hr System (AL/3)
PHY202 Physics by Numerical Analysis 3 1 4.5 0 0 8.5 4 O to F 3
DC PHY204 General Properties of Matter 3 1 4.5 0 0 8.5 4 O to F 3
PHY206 General Physics Laboratory-III 0 0 1 3 0 4 3 O to F 1
MD CHM222 Classical Thermodynamics 3 1 4.5 0 0 8.5 4 O to F 3
RD MTH202 Probability and Statistics 3 1 4.5 0 0 8.5 4 O to F 3

DC: Departmental Compulsory Course; MD: Mandatory Course from Other Department; RD: Recommended Course from Other Department
V Semester

Lec Tut SS Hr Lab DS AL TC Grading Credits

Course No. Course Title
Hr Hr Hr Hr Hr System
PHY 301 Mathematical Methods I 3 0 7.5 0 0 10.5 3 O to F 4
PHY 303 Quantum Mechanics I 3 0 7.5 0 0 10.5 3 O to F 4
PHY 305 Classical Mechanics 3 0 7.5 0 0 10.5 3 O to F 4
PHY 307 Physics Laboratory I 0 0 3 6 0 9 6 Oto F 3
*** *** Open Elective I 3 0 4.5/7.5 0 0 7.5/10.5 3 O to F 3/4
Total Credits 12 0 30/33 6 0 48/51 18 18/19

VI Semester

Lec Tut SS Hr Lab DS AL TC Grading Credits

Course No. Course Title
Hr Hr Hr Hr Hr System
PHY 302 Mathematical Methods II 3 0 7.5 0 0 10.5 3 O to F 4
PHY 304 Quantum Mechanics II 3 0 7.5 0 0 10.5 3 O to F 4
PHY 306 Statistical Mechanics 3 0 7.5 0 0 10.5 3 O to F 4
PHY 308 Physics Laboratory II 0 0 3 6 0 9 6 Oto F 3
*** *** Open Elective II 3 0 4.5/7.5 0 0 7.5/10.5 3 O to F 3/4
Total Credits 12 0 30/33 6 0 48/51 18 18/19
VII Semester

Lec Tut SS Hr Lab DS AL TC Grading Credits

Course No. Course Title
Hr Hr Hr Hr Hr System
PHY 401 Electrodynamics and Special 3 0 7.5 0 0 10.5 3 O to F 4
Theory of Relativity
PHY 403 Condensed Matter Physics 3 0 7.5 0 0 10.5 3 O to F 4
PHY 405 Condensed Matter Physics 0 0 3 6 0 9 6 Oto F 3
Laboratory
*** *** Open Elective III 3 0 4.5/7.5 0 0 7.5/10.5 3 O to F 3/4
*** *** Open Elective IV 3 0 4.5/7.5 0 0 7.5/10.5 3 O to F 3/4
Total Credits 12 0 27/33 6 0 45/51 18 17/19

VIII Semester

Lec Tut SS Hr Lab DS AL TC Grading Credits

Course No. Course Title
Hr Hr Hr Hr Hr System
PHY 402 Atomic and Molecular Physics 3 0 7.5 0 0 10.5 3 O to F 4
PHY 404 Nuclear and Particle Physics 3 0 7.5 0 0 10.5 3 O to F 4
PHY 406 Nuclear Laboratory 0 0 3 6 0 9 6 Oto F 3
*** *** Open Elective V 3 0 4.5/7.5 0 0 7.5/10.5 3 O to F 3/4
*** *** Open Elective VI 3 0 4.5/7.5 0 0 7.5/10.5 3 O to F 3/4
Total Credits 12 0 27/33 6 0 45/51 18 17/19
 IX Semester

Lec Tut SS Lab DS AL TC Grading Credits

Course No. Course Title
Hr Hr Hr Hr Hr Hr System
PHY 501 Project Work - - - - - 35 - O to F 14
*** *** Open Elective VII 3 0 7.5 0 0 10.5 3 O to F 4
*** *** Open Elective VIII 3 0 7.5 0 0 10.5 3 O to F 4
HSS 503 Law Relating to Intellectual 1 0 2.5 0 0 3.5 1 S/X 1
Property and Patents
Total Credits 7 0 17.5 0 0 59.5 7 23

X Semester

Lec Tut SS Lab DS AL TC Grading Credits

Course No. Course Title
Hr Hr Hr Hr Hr Hr System
PHY 501 Project Work - - - - - 35 - O to F 14
*** *** Open Elective IX 3 0 7.5 0 0 10.5 3 O to F 4
*** *** Open Elective X 3 0 7.5 0 0 10.5 3 O to F 4
Total Credits 6 0 15 0 0 56 6 22
DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
PHY 101: Mechanics (3)
Learning Objectives
Students will learn the concepts related to Newton's laws of mechanics and their
application to many particle systems, small oscillations. Although the students are
assumed to be familiar with basic calculus, required mathematical tools will be
reviewed whenever needed.
Course Content
Kinematics: Introduction to coordinate systems, Cartesian and polar coordinate
systems, velocity and acceleration in polar coordinate system.(4)
Kinetics: Force, Newton’s laws of motion, frames of reference, statics, dynamics,
rotational motion about a single axis and moment of inertia. (7)
Momentum, momentum of a system of particles, conservation laws, center of
mass, variable mass systems.(5)
Work and energy, conservation of energy, collisions, conservative and non-
conservative forces.(4)
Simple harmonic oscillator, small oscillations, damped harmonic oscillation,
differential equation for waves in one dimension and its solution.(4)
Brief introduction to motion under central force. (2)
References
1. D. Kleppner and R. Kolenkow, An Introduction to Mechanics
1. R. Shankar, Fundamentals of Physics
2. David Morin, Introduction to Classical MechanicsR. P. Feynman, R. B.
Leighton and M. Sands, The Feynman Lecture on Physics Vol 1.
3. C. Kittel, W. D. Knight, M. A. Ruderman, A. C. Helmholz and B. J.
Moyer, Mechanics (Berkeley Physics Course) Vol 1
4. D. Resnick, R. Halliday and K. S.Krane, Physics, Vol 1, 5thEd.
5. M. K. Verma, Introduction to Mechanics.
PHY 102: Modern Physics (3)
Learning Objectives
Students will learn basic modern physics including wave mechanics, duality of
wave and particle nature and applications of quantum mechanics to some simple
problems in physics.
Course Content
Introduction to wave mechanics: wave equation, solutions of wave equation,
frequency and period, superposition of waves, double-slit experiment,
interference, dispersion relation, definition of group and phase velocities.(4)
Bohr model : Review of Bohr atom model, its successes and failures. (2)
Particle properties of waves : black body radiation, photoelectric effect, Compton
effect, X-ray diffraction, pair production.(4)
Wave properties of particle: de Broglie wavelength, wave particle duality, phase
and group velocities, particle/electron diffraction, particle in a box, uncertainty
principle.(4)
Quantum Mechanics: Schrödinger equation, linearity, superposition, operators,
eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of operators, expectation values, particle in a box,
finite well potential, tunnelling, harmonic oscillator.(10)
Hydrogen atom: energy states and quantum numbers. (2)
References
1. A.Beiser, Concepts of Modern Physics.
2. H. C.Verma, Quantum Physics.
3. R. P. Feynman, R. B. Leighton and M. Sands, The Feynman Lectures on
Physics Vol 3.
4. H. S. Mani and G. K. Mehta: Introduction to Modern Physics.
5. R. Shankar, Fundamentals of Physics II
PHY 103: General Physics Laboratory (1)
Learning Objectives
The laboratory course demonstrates and tests the fundamental concepts of
mechanics through real life examples, and helps the students form lasting
connections between theory and experiments. This course enables the students to
devise and design reliable methods for obtaining experimental data and learn error
analysis techniques including distinguishing significant figures and representing
the data graphically. In addition, the course will help the students to acquire and
practice skills needed for making concise technical presentations, both oral and
written, making effective use of graphical techniques.
List of experiments
1. Least count, observation and data-analysis, measurements of length, error
analysis, graph plotting
2. Determination of g by free fall
3. Determination of g by bar pendulum
4. Moment of inertia of a gyroscope
5. Young's modulus by bending of a beam
6. Torsional pendulum
7. Pohl's pendulum
8. Surface tension
9. Balmer series
10. Photoelectric effect

PHY 106: Quantum Physics (3)

Learning Objectives
1. Introduction to wave mechanics: wave equation, solutions of the wave
equation, frequency and period, superposition of waves, interference and
double-slit experiment, dispersion relation, group and phase velocity
2. Particle properties of wave: black body radiation, photoelectric effect,
Compton effect, X-ray diffraction, pair production
3. Wave properties of particle: de Broglie wavelength, wave particle duality,
phase and group velocity, particle/electron diffraction, particle in a box,
uncertainty principle
 4. Structure of Atom: Rutherford's model, Bohr's model, Atomic spectrum,
correspondence principle
5. Quantum Mechanics: Schroedinger equation, linearity, super-position,
expectation value, operators, particle in a box, finite well potential,
tunneling effect, simple harmonic oscillator
6. Hydrogen Atom: H-atom, method of separation of variables, quantum
numbers, electron probability density, selection rules, Zeeman effect,
7. Many electron system: electron spin, Pauli exclusion principle, sym and
anti-sym wave function
8. Molecules: molecular bond, electron sharing, hydrogen ion, hydrogen
molecule, rotational spectra and vibrational spectra
References
1. Beiser, Concept of Modern Physics.
2. H. C. Verma, Quantum Physics.
3. R. P. Feynman, R. B. Leighton and M. Sands, The Feynman Lecture of
Physics Vol 3.
4. H. S. Mani and G. K. Mehta: Introduction to Modern Physics.
5. R. Shankar, Fundamentals of Physics II

PHY 201: Waves and Optics (3)

Learning Objectives
In this course, students will be introduced to fundamental concepts of waves and
classical optics with particular reference to the phenomena of interference and
diffraction.
Course Content
Oscillations: Review of simple harmonic motion and damped oscillations,
coupled oscillators and normal modes.(4)
Waves: wave equation, superposition of waves with same and different frequency,
Lissajous figures, standing waves, dispersion relations and group velocity.(4)
Maxwell's equations: Wave equation, plane, spherical, cylindrical and beam like
solutions of the wave equation.(3)
Boundary conditions: reflection and transmission at the boundary.(2)
Propagation of light in anisotropic media.(2)
Coherence: Spatial and temporal.(2)
Polarization and double refraction, quarter and half wave plates.(2)
Geometrical optics: Paraxial approximation, lens aberrations, ray matrix approach
to Gaussian optics, optical systems and resolving power.(8)
Interference: Division of wavefront (Young's double slit) and amplitudes
(Newton's rings, Michelson interferometer), multi-wave interference-Fabry-Perot
interferometer, thin optical coatings (single and multilayer), interference filters.(6)
Diffraction: Huygen-Fresnel and Kirchhoff's theories.(2)
Fresnel diffraction: rectangular, circular and zone plates.(2)
Fraunhoffer diffraction: Slits (single, double) and grating and circular aperture.(2)
Introduction to metamaterials.(1)
References
6. A. P. French, Waves and Oscillations
7. N. K. Bajaj, The Physics of Waves and Oscillations
8. A. K. Ghatak, Optics
9. F. A. Jenkins and H. E. White, Fundamentals of Optics
10. R. S. Longhurst, Geometrical and Physical Optics

PHY 203: Electromagnetism (3)

Learning Objectives
In this course students will learn properties of electric and magnetic fields in the
presence of static charge and current distributions. They will also learn Maxwell’s
equations which govern the dynamics of electric and magnetic fields.
Course Content
Introduction to vector calculus: Gradient, divergence and curl of fields,
Divergence theorem, Stokes Theorem, Dirac delta function.(5)
Cylindrical and Spherical coordinate systems: Line, surface and volume
elements.(2)
Electrostatics: Coulomb’s Law, Gauss’s law (integral and differential forms) and
its applications, Electric potential, Laplace’s and Poisson’s equations (no
solutions), Method of images, Energy of a charge distribution, Field and potential
due to a dipole. Polarization in a dielectric, D, P and E fields, linear dielectrics,
force on dielectrics.(12)
Motion of charged particles in electric and magnetic fields.(1)
Electric currents: Line, surface and volume currents and current densities,
electrical conductivity and Ohm’s law, equation of continuity, energy
dissipation.(2)
Magnetostatics: Biot-Savart and Ampere’s law, divergence and curl of B, integral
and differential form of Ampere’s law, vector potential, Magnetic dipoles,
Magnetization in materials, H, B and M, Dia-, para- and ferro-magnetism, B and
H in a bar-magnet.(7)
Electrodynamics: Electromagnetic induction, motional emf and Faraday’s law,
inductance and energy in a magnetic field, the displacement current, Maxwell's
equations.(6)
References
1. D. J. Griffiths, Introduction to Electrodynamics 4thEd.
2. E. M. Purcell, Electricity and Magnetism (Berkeley Physics course) 2ndEd.
3. R. P. Feynman, R. B. Leighton and M. Sands, The Feynman Lectures on
Physics Vol 2.

PHY 202: Physics by Numerical Analysis (3)

Learning Objectives
Students will learn to solve various problems in physics numerically. Numerical
methods related to integration, differentiation, ordinary differential equations will
be discussed in detail.
Course Content:
Dimensional analysis and physics of magnitudes. (3)
Data Analysis and Numerical Error: Mean, standard deviation, histogram, roots of
polynomials.(3)
Curve fitting and interpolation.(2)
Iterations: Dynamical systems, Logistic map, Lyapunov exponents.(3)
Numerical differentiation: Electric force and charge density from a potential.(3)
Numerical integration: Center of mass, moment of inertia, trajectory of a particle,
potential from a force.(3)
Numerical methods for ordinary differential equations: Runge-Kutta methods,
Newton's laws, Motion in a central force, anharmonic oscillator, Lorenz attractor,
phase space diagrams.(7)
Numerical methods for partial differential Equations: Poisson equation,
Schrödinger equation, Diffusion equation. (4)
Random numbers and introduction to Monte Carlo methods: Area enclosed by a
curve, simple simulations. (3)
System of linear equations: Normal modes of coupled oscillators. (3)
Matrix diagonalisation: Eigenvalue problems in quantum mechanics. (4)
References
1. Numerical Recipes
2. W. Kinzel and G. Reents, Physics by Computer

PHY 204: General Properties of Matter (3)

Learning Objectives
This course aims at providing an introduction to general properties of solids,
liquids and gases largely at a phenomenological level and forms the basis for
courses on condensed matter physics later.
Course Content
States of Matter, length, mass, density, pressure. (2)
Solids: Crystalline and Amorphous solids, Crystal structure, Defects in crystals,
Covalent bond, Ionic bond, Metallic bonds, Classification of electronic materials:
metals, insulators and semiconductors. Magnetic materials: para-, dia- and ferro-
magnetism. (8)
Elastic Properties of materials: Elasticity, Hooke's law, Elastic constants, Bending
moment, Cantilever, Beams, Elastic energy. (6)
Liquids: Origin of surface tension and surface energy, Molecular theory, Angle of
contact, Capillarity, Liquid surface, Liquid drops, Ripples. (6)
Fluid Dynamics and Statics: Archimedes’s principle, Continuity equation and its
applications, Navier-Stokes equation and applications, Bernoulli's equation. (6)
Gases: Gas laws, Brownian motion, Turbulence, Viscosity, Compressibility,
Thermodynamic equilibrium. (8)
References
1. D. S. Mathur, General Properties of Matter
2. B. Brown, General Properties of Matter
3. A. Beiser, Modern Physics
4. C. J. Smith, Properties of Matter
5. F. H. Newman and V. H.L. Searle, General Properties of Matter,
6. M. A. Wahab, Solid State Physics Structure and Properties of Materials
7. A.J. Dekker, Solid State Physics

PHY 205: General Physics Laboratory-II (1)

Learning Objectives
The laboratory course demonstrates and tests the fundamental concepts of
Electrodynamics through real examples, and helps students form lasting
connections between theory and experiments. Upon successful completion of this
course, the students, through hands-on experience, will be able to get conceptual
clarity on topics learnt in theory courses, acquire proficiency in error analysis, and
apply critical thinking in interpreting scientific data. Besides this, the course will
help the students to learn and practice skills needed for making concise technical
presentations, both oral and written, through effective use of graphical
representations of the data.
List of Experiments
1. Electron Diffraction
2. Franck Hertz experiment
3. Electromagnetic induction (EMI)
 4. Magnetic field of paired coils in Helmholtz arrangement with a Teslameter
5. Malus law
6. Determination of refractive index of a prism using Spectrometer
7. Magnetic Moment using a pair of Helmholtz coils
8. Newton’s Rings
9. e/m ratio using a pair of Helmholtz coils
10. Charging and discharging curve of a capacitor

PHY 206: General Physics Laboratory – III (1)

Learning Objectives
The laboratory course provides experimental demonstrations of concepts in
general properties of matter through weekly hands-on experiments, especially on
the topics taught in the theoretical course PHY 206. Upon successful completion
of the course, students will be able to apply critical thinking in interpreting
scientific data, work in groups to study and apply quantitative measures to answer
questions, and solve problems through experiments.
List of experiments
1. Band gap of semiconductors by four probe method
2. Torsional vibrations and torsion modulus
3. Viscosity of Newtonian and non-Newtonian liquids
4. Ferromagnetic hysteresis (BH Curve)
5. Mechanical hysteresis
6. Surface tension with the ring method (Du Nouy method)
7. Seebeck effect
8. Curie temperature
9. Young’s modulus
10. p-n junction diode, Zener diode and light emitting diode
PHY 301: Mathematical Methods I (4)
Learning Objectives
The main objective of the course is to equip the students with the tools of
mathematics as required in various courses of the physics curriculum, in
particular, quantum mechanics and electrodynamics.
Course Content
Finite dimensional vector spaces: Linear independence, basis, dimension.
Subspaces.Notions of sum, direct sum and the dual of a vector space.Tensor
product of vector spaces.Tensors.Linear operators on vector spaces.Null space
and Rank of a linear operator.Representation of vectors and operators in a chosen
basis.Matrices.Transformation properties of the representation of vectors and
linear operators under change of basis. Eigenvalues and eigenvectors.
Diagonalizability of linear operators.Cayley-Hamilton theorem. Statement of
basic results on Jordan canonical form.Inner product on a vector space.
Orthonormal bases. Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization procedure. Adjoint of an
operator. Self adjoint, Unitary, projection and positive operators and their special
properties. (10)
Fourier series. Fourier and Laplace transforms and their properties. Dirac delta
function. Elementary introduction to Generalized functions. (9)
Introduction to Groups : Finite Groups, subgroups, normal subgroups, conjugacy
relations, Permutation Groups, Continuous Groups, Lie groups, generators,
example : SO(3) (6)
Introduction to representation theory, representation of unitary and rotation group.
(4)
Ordinary differential equations of second order: Ordinary and regular singular
points. Power series and its interval of convergence. Gamma function. Frobenius
method for solving general second order ordinary differential equations around
regular singular points and in particular, its application for solving Bessel,
Legendre, Laguerre, Hermite differential equations. (10)
References
1. P. R. Halmos Finite Dimensional Vector Spaces
2. J. E. Marsden and A. Tromba, Vector Calculus
 3. A. L. Rabenstein, Introduction to Ordinary Differential Equations
4. P. Dennery and A. Krzywicki, Mathematics for Physicists
5. B. Arfken and H. J. Weber, Mathematical Methods for Physicists, 6thEd
6. M. L. Boas, Mathematical Methods in Physical Sciences
7. S. D. Joglekar, Mathematical Physics: Advanced Topics
8. J. Mathews and R. L. Walker, Mathematical Methods of Physics
9. P. K. Chattopadhyay, Mathematical Physics
10. S. Hassani, Mathematical Physics
11. A. K. Ghatak, Mathematical Methods of Physics
12. H. W. Wyld, Mathematical Methods for Physics
13. F. B. Hildebrand, Methods of Applied Mathematics
14. S. Mukhi and N. Mukunda, Lectures on Advanced Mathematical Methods
for Physicists

PHY 302: Mathematical Methods II(4)

Learning Objectives
The main objective of the course is to equip the students with the tools of
mathematics as required in various courses of the physics curriculum, in
particular, quantum mechanics and electrodynamics.
Course Content
Complex Analysis: Complex numbers, functions of a complex variable. Notions
of differentiability and analyticity.Cauchy-Riemann conditions.Pole
singularities.Calculation of residues at poles.Multiple valued functions, branch
point singularities and branch cuts.Cauchy integral formula, Laurent
expansion.Cauchy residue theorem.Evaluation of integrals along the real line
using methods and results from complex variable theory.Multiple valued function,
branch cuts and branch points.Evaluation of integrals, saddle point method. (15)
Partial differential equations: Method of separation of variables. Solution of
Laplace, Poisson and the Wave and the diffusion equations. Green’s functions,
Dirichlet and Neumann problems for three dimensional Laplacian, wave equation
(10)
Sturm-Liouville theory. Second order differential equations of Sturm-Liouville
form admitting orthogonal polynomial systems as solutions. Orthogonal
expansions and its application to Bessel, Legendre, Hermite functions. (10)
Integral equations: Fredholm equation of 1st and 2nd kind, Volterra equation of
1st and 2nd kind. Solution of integral equations. (5)
References
1. B. Arfken and H. J. Weber, Mathematical Methods for Physicists, 6thEd
2. M. L. Boas, Mathematical Methods in Physical Sciences
3. S. D. Joglekar, Mathematical Physics: Advanced Topics
4. J. Mathews and R. L. Walker, Mathematical Methods of Physics
5. P. Dennery and A. Krzywicki, Mathematics for Physicists
6. P. K. Chattopadhyay, Mathematical Physics
7. S. Hassani, Mathematical Physics
8. A. K. Ghatak, Mathematical Methods of Physics
9. H. W. Wyld, Mathematical Methods for Physics
10. F. B. Hildebrand, Methods of Applied Mathematics
11. A. K. Kapoor, Complex variables

PHY 303: Quantum Mechanics(4)

Learning Objectives
The course will lay down the foundations of quantum mechanics via wave-
particle duality, uncertainty principle and Schrödinger equation. Operator
formalism will be developed and applied to various problems in one-dimensional
and central potentials. Particularly, hydrogen atom problem and angular
momentum algebra be discussed in detail.
Course Content
Uncertainty Principle, Schrödinger Equation, Probability interpretation and
probability current; Coordinate and momentum representations; Expectation
values of dynamical variables; Descriptions of wave packets and its evolution. (5)
One Dimensional Problem: Harmonic Oscillator – creation and annihilation
operators; Brief descriptions of potential step, barrier and well – Ideas of bound
states, scattering states and resonances; Dirac-delta function potential,
Applications to alpha-decay. (9)
Central Potential: Bound states in three dimensions; Hydrogen atom. (4)
Operator formalism: Vector spaces, Hermitian operators; Eigenvalues; Classical
limit – Ehrenfest’s theorem; Stationary states, Generalized uncertainty principle;
Simultaneous eigenstates of commuting operators; Introduction to Dirac’s
notation. Heisenberg picture, and equivalence with Schrödinger picture. (6)
Theory of Angular Momentum: Orbital angular momentum and their eigenvalue
problems; Spherical harmonics, addition of angular momenta, Clebsch-Gordon
coefficients. Theory of spin: Stern-Gerlach experiment, Formulation of spin ½
states, Spin angular momentum; Pauli matrices. (10)
Identical particles: Fermions, Bosons. (3)
Foundational Issues: Measurements and interpretations of quantum mechanics;
Bell’s inequality; EPR paradox. (2)
References
1. D. J. Griffiths, Introduction to Quantum Mechanics
2. N. Zettili, Quantum Mechanics: Concepts and Applications
3. H. C. Verma, Quantum Physics
4. R. P. Feynman, R. B. Leighton and M. Sands, The Feynman Lectures on
Physics Vol 3
5. J. J. Sakurai, Modern Quantum Mechanics
6. B. H. Bransden and C. J. Joachain, Quantum Mechanics 2ndEd
7. P. A. M. Dirac, The Principles of Quantum Mechanics.
8. C. Cohen-Tannoudji, Quantum Mechanics, (Vol I and II)
9. R. Shankar, Principles of Quantum Mechanics, 2ndEd
10. A. I. M. Rae, Quantum Mechanics, 4thEd.
11. E. Merzbacher, Quantum Mechanics, 3rdEd.
12. L. D. Landau and L. M. Lifshitz, Quantum Mechanics: Non-relativistic
Theory, 3rdEd.

PHY 304: Quantum Mechanics II (4)

Learning Objectives
Students would get an introduction to applications of quantum mechanics theory
learned in part one, to some real-world-motivated problems. A great deal of
emphasis would be placed on developing approximate methods to solve the
Schrödinger equation. In particular, perturbation theory approaches, scattering
theory, and an introduction to concepts of symmetry.
Course Content
Approximation methods for stationary states: Time Independent Perturbation
Theory: Formalism; Applications to relativistic corrections (‘fine structure
corrections’) to atom (a) Relativistic K.E, (b) Spin-Orbit couplings, (c) Darwin
term; WKB method: Descriptions of tunnelling, Variational method: Application
to He atom ground state. (12)
Time Dependent Phenomena: Formalism; Fermi’s Golden rule; Adiabatic
approximation; Application to matter-radiation interaction; Emission and
absorption of photons; Selection rules for electric dipole transitions; Applications
to Lasers. (9)
Charged particle in an electromagnetic field: Gauge invariance of Schrödinger
equation; Larmor frequency; Brief discussions on normal and anomalous Zeeman
effect (5)
Scattering by a Potential: Formalism; Born approximations; Partial wave analysis.
(6)
Introduction to relativistic quantum mechanics. (2)
References
1. D. J. Griffiths, Introduction of Quantum Mechanics
2. N. Zettili, Quantum Mechanics: Concepts and Applications
3. H. C. Verma, Quantum Physics
4. R. P. Feynman, R. B. Leighton and M. Sands, The Feynman Lectures on
PhysicsVol 3
5. J. J. Sakurai, Modern Quantum Mechanics
6. B. H. Bransden and C. J. Joachain, Quantum Mechanics
7. P. A. M. Dirac, The Principles of Quantum Mechanics
8. C. Cohen-Tannoudji, Quantum Mechanics, (Vol I and II)
9. R. Shankar, Principles of Quantum Mechanics
10. I. M. Rae, Quantum Mechanics
11. E. Merzbacher, Quantum Mechanics
12. L. D. Landau and L. M. Lifshitz, Quantum Mechanics Non-Relativistic Theory
13. D. J. Tannor, Introduction to Quantum Mechanics
PHY 305: Classical Mechanics(4)
Learning Objectives
The course deals with the advance concepts of mechanics. It gives a good
understanding of Lagrangian mechanics, conservation principles, oscillations,
gravitation, central force, scattering, rigid body. The tools learnt in this course
will be extremely useful to understand wide variety of branches in physics
including condensed matter physics, high energy physics and cosmology.
Course Content
Review of Newtonian mechanics. Lagrangian mechanics, generalized coordinates,
constraints, principle of virtual work, Hamilton's principle, some techniques of the
calculus of variations, Derivation of Lagrange’s equation from Hamilton's
principle, Conservation theorems and Symmetry principles, Noether theorem. (12)
Central forces, Planetary motions, Collisions, Scattering. (6)
Small oscillations, Normal modes, Forced oscillators, Anharmonic oscillators,
Perturbation theory. (6)
Rigid body dynamics, Orthogonal transformations, Euler angles, Cayley-Klein
parameters, Inertia tensor and Moment of Inertia, Principal axis transformation,
Motion of a symmetrical top. (9)
Hamilton’s equations, phase space and phase trajectories, Poisson brackets,
canonical transformations, Hamilton-Jacobi theory. (7)
References
1. H. Goldstein, Classical Mechanics
2. L. D. Landau and E. M. Lifshitz, Mechanics
3. S. T. Thronton and J. B. Marion, Classical Dynamics of Particles and
Systems
4. R. G. Takwale and P. S. Puranik, Introduction to Classical Mechanics
5. K. C. Gupta, Classical Mechanics of Particles and Rigid Bodies
6. N. C. Rana and P. S. Joag, Classical Mechanics
7. C. Percival and D. Richards, Introduction to Dynamics
8. D. Morin, Classical Mechanics.
9. L. N. Hand and J.D. Finch, Analytical Mechanics
10. V. B. Bhatia, Classical Mechanics
PHY 306/604: Statistical Mechanics (4)
Learning Objectives
This course contains a review of classical laws of thermodynamics and their
applications, postulates of statistical mechanics, statistical interpretation of
thermodynamics. The methods of statistical mechanics are used to develop the
statistical description of Bose and Fermi systems.
Course Content
Motivation: Why do we need statistical mechanics? Thermodynamic description
of a system.Microscopic origin of thermodynamic results - introduction of
statistical description. (2)
Phase space: Introduction and definition of phase space. Examples. Phase space
density, Time average and ensemble average. Equivalence between time average
and ensemble average. Ergodic hypothesis, Liouville's equation. (4)
Micro-canonical ensemble: Definition, Volume of phase space, Definition of
entropy, Definition of temperature, Physical interpretation of temperature.
Validity of the statistical description. Definition of pressure, 1st law of
thermodynamics. Statistical interpretation of entropy. Classical ideal gas in
microcanonical ensemble. Gibbs paradox. (6)
Canonical ensemble: Definition, Average in canonical ensemble, Partition
function, Equivalence between canonical and microcanonical ensemble average.
Definition of free energy.Ideal gas in canonical ensemble. (5)
Grand-canonical ensemble: Definition, Grand-canonical partition function,
Definition of chemical potential, Equivalence between canonical and grand-
canonical average. Ideal gas in grand canonical ensemble. (3)
Quantum statistical mechanics: Pure and mixed ensembles. Examples of pure and
mixed ensemble.Quantum ensemble average.Introduction of density
matrix.Properties of density matrix.Examples of density matrix.Micro-canonical,
Canonical and Grand-canonical ensembles and partition functions. (7)
Three different statistics : Boltzmann statistics - Partition function for ideal
Boltzmann gas. Equation of state.Bose and Fermi statistics. (3)
Ideal Fermi gas: Partition function. Equation of state.High temperature Fermi
gas.Low temperature Fermi gas.Fermi energy, Fermi temperature and Fermi
surface.Pressure of low temperature Fermi gas.Zero point pressure. (5)
Pauli paramagnetism. (2)
Ideal Bose gas: Partition function. Equation of state. Gas of photon - Black body
radiation (3)
References
1. F. Reif, Fundamentals of Statistical and Thermal Physics
2. R.K. Pathria, Statistical Mechanics, 2nd Ed.
3. M. Plischke and B. Bergersen, Equilibrium Statistical Physics
4. J. K. Bhattacharjee, Statistical Physics: Equilibrium and Non Equilibrium
Aspects
5. K. Huang, Statistical Mechanics
6. S-K. Ma, Statistical Mechanics
7. L. D. Landau and E. M. Lifshitz, Statistical Physics
8. R. Kubo, M. Toda and N. Hashitsume, Statistical Physics I and II
9. M. Kardar, Statistical Physics of Particles
10. C. Kittel, Elementary Statistical Physics

PHY 307: Physics Laboratory I (4)

Learning Objectives
The laboratory course provides experimental demonstrations of concepts in
physics complementing the theoretical courses taught in the classes. Students will
be able to get conceptual clarities with hands-on experience, learn experimental
techniques and the process of data analysis, and apply critical thinking in
interpreting scientific data.
List of Experiments
1. Franck Hertz experiment
2. Planck’s constant
3. Cavendish experiment
4. Chua’s circuit
5. Ferromagnetic Hysteresis
 6. Atomic spectra of Iodine vapor
7. Inelastic electron collision
8. Millikan’s oil drop experiment
9. Viscosity of Newtonian and non-Newtonian liquids
10. Microwave based waveguide measurement.

PHY 308: Physics Laboratory II (3)

Learning Objectives
The laboratory course provides experimental demonstrations of concepts in
physics, especially in microscopy, spectroscopy, and optics, complementing the
theoretical courses taught in the classes. Students will be able to get conceptual
clarities with hands-on experience, learn experimental techniques and the process
of data analysis, and apply critical thinking in interpreting scientific data.
List of Experiments
1. STM
2. AFM
3. Raman Spectrometer
4. Characteristics of He-Ne laser.
5. Fiber optics
6. Spectroscopy with fibers [Ocean optics*]
7. Michelson Interferometer
8. Fabry Perot Interferometer
9. Optical detection of weak source using a lock-in laser gyroscope

PHY 309: Thermal Physics (4)

Learning Objectives
The course aims to lay down the foundations of thermodynamics along with
introduction to phenomenon of phase transitions and critical phenomenon.
Course Content
Kinetic theory of gases: Statistical definition of temperature, Boltzmann function,
Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution, molecular distribution, molecular effusion,
mean free path and collisions, transport and thermal diffusion: viscosity, thermal
conductivity and diffusion, the Prandtl number. (8)
Review of basic thermodynamics: Thermodynamic systems, first law of
thermodynamics, second law of thermodynamics, Claussius theorem,
thermodynamic and statistical definition of entropy, entropy of mixing (Gibbs
paradox), entropy and probability, internal energy and heat capacity equations and
their applications. (6)
Thermodynamics in action : Entropy and information theory (Shannon’s entropy),
Thermodynamic potential functions and their applications, Maxwell relations,
Throttling/Joule-Thomson expansion, Liquefaction of gases, adiabatic
demagnetization for milli/micro Kelvin temperatures, entropy of elastic rod
(rubber and wire), third law of thermodynamics and its implications, chemical
potential, energy maximum and entropy minimum principle, the Gibbs-Duhem
relation. (10)
Phase transitions: Claussius-Clapeyron equation, stability and metastability, Le
Chatelier's and Le Chatelier-Braun principle, latent heat, chemical potential and
phase changes, classification/order of phase transitions, order parameter, Gibbs
phase rule, colligative properties, phase transitions of single and multi-component
systems, eutectic point, Landau theory of phase transitions, universality and
scaling, renormalization (introduction). (13)
Special topics: Brownian motion and fluctuations: Brownian motion, Johnson
noise, fluctuations and availability. (3)
References
1. S. J. Blundell and K. M. Blundell, Concepts in Thermal Physics
2. M. Zemansky and R. Dittman, Heat and Thermodynamics
3. D.V. Schroeder, An Introduction to Thermal Physics
4. H. B. Callen, Thermodynamics and an Introduction to Thermostatistics
5. E. Fermi, Thermodynamics
6. C. Kittel and H. Kroemer, Thermal Physics
PHY 401/605: Electrodynamics and Special Theory of Relativity (4)
Learning Objectives
Maxwell's equations will be discussed in detail with application to physical
problems relating to electromagnetic fields including those in free space and in a
medium. Special relativity will be studied in context of Maxwell's equations,
gauge invariance and radiation by accelerating charged particles.
Course Content
Boundary problems, Formal solution with Green functions, Method of image,
Electric fields in matter, Boundary-Value problems with dielectrics, polarizability
and susceptibility, Energy density in a dielectric, Multipole expansion. (7)
Vector potential, Magnetic fields of a localized current distribution, Magnetic
moment, Force and Torque on and energy of a localized current distribution,
Boundary conditions on B and H, Boundary value problems in magnetostatics,
Multipole expansion. (3)
Maxwell equations, Gauge transformations, Green functions for the wave
equation, Poynting's theorem, Transformation properties of electromagnetic fields
and sources under rotations, spatial reflections, and time reversal. (5)
Plane electromagnetic waves and wave propagation, polarization, Stokes
parameters, Reflection and refraction of electromagnetic waves at a plane
interface between dielectrics, wave propagation in conductors and dielectrics,
dispersion, complex refractive index, waveguides. (5)
Radiation from an accelerated charge, Larmor formula, Fields and radiation of a
localized oscillating source, Electric dipole fields and radiation, Linear antennas,
Scattering at long wavelengths, Rayleigh scattering. (5)
Introduction to Special Theory of Relativity, Minkowski space and four vectors,
concept of four-velocity, Four acceleration and higher rank tensors, Relativistic
formulation of electrodynamics, Maxwell equations in covariant form, Gauge
invariance and four-potential, the action principle and electromagnetic energy
momentum tensor, Liénard-Wiechert potentials. (10)
References
1. D. J. Griffiths, Introduction to Electrodynamics, 4thEd.
2. A. Zangwill, Modern Electrodynamics, 1stEd.
 3. J. D. Jackson, Classical Electrodynamics
4. L. D. Landau and E. M. Lifshitz, Classical Theory of Fields
5. R. P. Feynman, R. B. Leighton and M. Sands, The Feynman Lectures on
Physics Vol 2
6. W. K. H. Panofsky and M. Philips. Classical Electricity and Magnetism

PHY 402/606: Atomic and Molecular Physics (4)

Learning Objectives
To understand the hierarchy of atomic and molecular energy levels, what
implications these have for the interaction with electromagnetic radiation and
which practical applications arise from which transitions. To appreciate the
challenge in the quantum-many body problem of many electron atoms and
molecules, the order arising through the Pauli exclusion principle and to have a
rough idea about possible advanced solution techniques.
Course Content
Brief review of the Hydrogen atom and periodic table; Significance of the four
quantum numbers; Concept of atomic orbitals. (3)
Single valence electron atoms: Review of Orbital magnetic dipole moment;
Orbital, spin and total angular momenta; Spin-orbit interaction and fine structures;
Lamb shift; Hyperfine structure. General selection rules; Details of Stark, Zeeman
(normal and anomalous) and Paschen-Beck effects. (6)
Many valence electron atoms: Two valence electron atoms: Para- and ortho
states and the role of Pauli’s Exclusion principle; He atom; Identical particles;
Slater determinant; LS and JJ coupling scheme; Outlook on advanced methods
such as Hartree-Fock and Density Functional Theory. (6)
Width and shape of spectral lines; Selection rules; Intensity of spectral lines;
Principle of ESR with experimental setup; Chemical shift; Rabi oscillations;
Optical Bloch equations; Photo-ionisation; Light scattering. (9)
Molecules: Concept of valance and bonding; Born-Oppenheimer approximation;
Hydrogen molecule – Heitler-London method. (6)
Molecular orbital and electronic configuration of diatomic molecules (e.g H2,
C2,); Vibrational structure and vibrational analysis; Frank-Condon principle;
Dissociation energy; Rotational spectra; Raman spectra. (6)
Overview of modern atomic physics; Laser cooling; Bose-Einstein Condensation;
Atomic clocks; High Harmonic Generations; Attoscience. (3)
References
1. P. W. Atkins and R. S. Friedman, Molecular Quantum Mechanics 3rdEd.
2. W. Demtroder, Atoms, Molecules and Photons
3. G. W. Woodgate, Elementary Atomic Structure
4. H. S. Friedrich, Theoretical Atomic Physics
5. R. Eisberg and R. Resnick, Quantum Physics of Atoms, Molecules, Solids,
Nuclei, and Particles
6. B. H. Bransden and C. J. Joachain, Physics of Atoms and Molecules
7. F. A. Cotton, Chemical Applications of Group Theory
8. C. N. Banwell, Fundamentals of Molecular Spectroscopy
9. J. M. Hollas, Modern Spectroscopy

PHY 403/607: Condensed Matter Physics (4)

Learning Objectives
The course objective is to introduce to the students the physical properties of
solids including the electrical, magnetic, optical, thermal and mechanical
properties. The goal of this course is to develop student’s understanding of the
impact the structure, symmetry, and bonding in solids have in determining their
properties.
Course Content
Bonding in solids, van der Waal and Repulsive interactions, Lennard Jones
potential, Cohesive energy and compressibility, Ionic crystals, Madelung
constant, Covalent crystals, Metals, atomic and ionic radii. (4)
The Drude theory of metals: DC electrical conductivity of a metal; Hall effect and
magnetoresistance; AC electrical conductivity of a metal and propagation of
electromagnetic radiation in a metal; Thermal conductivity of a metal, The
Sommerfeld theory of metals: Density of states; Fermi-Dirac distribution;
Specific heat, thermal, and electrical conductivity of degenerate electron gases.
(8)
Structure of solids, Symmetry, Bravais lattices, Unit cell, Miller indices, Simple
crystal structure, Reciprocal lattice, Laue equations and Bragg’s law, Brillouin
Zones, Diffraction of x-rays, Atomic scattering and structure factors, Defects and
dislocations. (8)
Free electron theory, Kronig-Penney Model, Crystal lattices: Periodic potential,
Band theory, Tight binding, Classification of metals, insulators and
semiconductors, Cellular and pseudopotential methods, Symmetry of energy
bands, Density of state, Fermi surface. (8)
Vibrations of one dimensional monoatomic and diatomic chain, Normal modes
and Phonons, Phonon spectrum, Long wavelength acoustic phonons and elastic
constants, specific heat capacity, Density of states, thermal expansion and
conductivity, Phonons: Vibrational Properties, normal modes, acoustic and optical
phonons. (6)
Dia-, Para-, and Ferromagnetism, origin of magnetism, Langevin's theory of
paramagnetism, Weiss Molecular theory (6)
References
1. L. V. Azaroff, Introduction to Solids
2. C. Kittel, Introduction to Solids State Physics
3. N. W. Ashcroft and N. D. Mermin, Solids State Physics
4. J. Decker, Solids State Physics
5. O. Madelung, Introduction to Solid State Theory
6. P. M. Chaikin and T. C. Lubensky, Principles of Condensed Matter Physics
7. H. Ibach and H. Lutz, Solid State Physics
8. J. Weertman and J. R. Weertman, Elementary Dislocation Theory
9. M. J. Buerger, Crystal Structure Analysis
10. J. Callaway, Quantum Theory of Solid State
PHY 404/608: Nuclear and Particle Physics (4)
Learning Objectives
Students will be able to learn theory of nuclear forces through applications of
quantum mechanical principles and different types of nuclear emissions. They
will learn the theoretical and experimental aspects of elementary particles.
Course Content
Properties of nucleon-nucleon interaction, general forms of N-N potential,
description of low energy neutron-proton scattering to show spin dependence of
nuclear force, ground state properties of deuteron, simple considerations of
deuteron using central potential. (6)
Compound nucleus theory, shell model potential and shell theory, liquid drop
model, electromagnetic interaction in nuclei, parity and angular momentum
selection rules, internal conversion. (7)
Nucleon emission, separation energy, alpha decay and its energy spectrum, Q-
value, Gamow's theory of alpha decay, Beta decay and its energy spectrum,
selection rules, Need for neutrinos, Q-value of Beta decay, Gamma decay,
Selection rules for gamma transitions (no derivation). (7)
Basic interactions in nature, elementary particles, quantum numbers and
conservation laws, concepts of isospin, quark flavors and colors, quark model,
eightfold way, mesons and baryons, bound states and resonance states. (5)
Feynman diagrams and interactions in the standard model, CKM matrix, neutrino
mixing, introduction to decay channels, branching fractions and decay times, OZI
rule. (8)
Relativistic Kinematics, Four vectors, relativistic energy-momentum conservation
and collisions. Noether's theorem, symmetries and conservation laws, discrete
symmetries (CPT). (4)
Brief review of Experimental Methods: Gas Filled counters (ionization Chamber),
Scintillation counter, Spark Chambers, Cerenkov detectors, Ion Sources. (3)
References
1. S. S. M. Wong, Introductory Nuclear Physics
2. V. Devanathan, Nuclear Physics
 3. B. L. Cohen, Concepts of Nuclear Physics
4. B. B. Srivastava, Fundamentals of Nuclear Physics
5. H. A. Enge, Introduction to Nuclear Physics

PHY 405: Condensed Matter Physics Laboratory (3)

Learning Objectives
The course aims to complement the theoretical knowledge gathered in PHY 403
by means of hands on experience with experiments relating to condensed matter
physics.
Course Contents:
1. Lattice dynamics
2. Abbe refractometer
3. Curie Temperature
4. Dielectric constant
5. Thermal expansion of quartz crystal
6. Hall effect
7. Thin film preparation and thickness measurement
8. Raman effect
9. Interfacing a multimeter through GPIB
10. X-ray diffraction
11. Electro-optic effect (Kerr effect)
12. Fabry-Perot and Mach-Zenhder Interferometer
13. Fiber Optics (Estimation of numerical aperture, bending loss)
14. Holography

PHY 406: Nuclear Laboratory (3)

Learning Objectives
The course aims to complement the theoretical knowledge gathered in PHY 404
by means of hands on experience with experiments relating to nuclear and particle
physics.
Course Contents
1. Half life and radioactive equilibrium
2. Balmer series/Determination of Rydberg's constant
3. GM counter.
4. Gamma - Ray Spectroscopy Using NaI (Tl) detector.
5. Alpha Spectroscopy with Surface Barrier Detector.
6. Determination of the range and energy of alpha partcles using spark
counter.
7. Study of gamma ray absorption process.
8. X-Ray Fluorescence.
9. Neutron Activation Analysis Measurement of the Thermal Neutron Flux.
10. To Study the Solid State Nuclear Track Detector.
11. Fission Fragment Energy Loss Measurements from Cf252.
12. Gamma - Gamma Coincidence studies.
13. Compton Scattering: Energy Determination.
14. Compton Scattering: Cross-Section Determination.
15. Determination of energy of mu-mesons in pi-decay using Nuclear
Emulsion Technique.
16. Identification of particles by visual range in Nuclear Emulsion.
17. Study of Rutherford Scattering.

PHY 411/611: Nonlinear Dynamics and Chaos (4)

Learning Objectives
This course introduces fundamental concepts of dynamical systems, dynamical
flows, non-linearity and chaos.
Course Contents
Introduction to Dynamical Systems: Overview, Examples and Discussion. (4)
One-dimensional flows: Flows on the line, Fixed points and stability, Population
growth, Linear stability analysis, Saddle-node, Transcritical and Pitchfork
bifurcations, Flow on the circle. (9)
Two-dimensional flows: Linear system: Definitions and examples, Phase
portraits, Fixed points and linearization, Limit cycles, Poincare-Bendixson
theorem, Lienard systems, Bifurcations revisited: Saddle-node, Transcritical and
Pitchfork bifurcations, Hopf bifurcations, Oscillating chemical reactions, Poincare
maps, Global bifurcation of cycles, Coupled Oscillators and Quasiperiodicity.
(12)
Chaos: Lorenz equations: Properties of Lorenz equation, Lorenz Map; One-
dimensioanl map: Fixed points, Logistic map, Liapunov exponent, Fractals:
Countable and Uncountable Sets, Cantor Set, Dimension of Self-Similar Fractals,
Box dimension, Pointwise and Correlation Dimensions; Strange Attractors:
Baker’s map, Henon map Chaos in Hamiltonian systems. (13)
References
1. S. H. Strogatz, Nonlinear Dynamics and Chaos with Applications to
Physics, Biology, Chemistry and Engineering
2. E. Ott, Chaos in dynamical systems
3. R. C. Hilborn, Chaos and Nonlinear Dynamics
4. M. Lakshmanan and S. Rajasekar, Nonlinear dynamics: Integrability
Chaos and Patterns

PHY 412/612: Computational Physics (4)

Learning Objectives
The course introduces the basic simulation techniques to the students. The
techniques learnt will then be explored in the conext of various problems in
physics.
Course Contents
Introduction: Computer simulations and problems in material science, Numerical
methods and programming in Fortran 90/95, Brief review of classical mechanics,
statistical mechanics and quantum mechanics as a starting point. (5)
Monte Carlo simulations: Importance sampling and the metropolis method, basic
Monte Carlo algorithm, trial moves, random number generators, estimators.
Applications and hands-on sessions–solid-liquid phase-transition in the Lennard-
Jones fluid and the magnetic transition in the Isingmodel. Advanced applications–
Monte Carlo in various ensembles, Kinetic Monte Carlo, Monte Carlo methods
for rigid molecules and polymers. (12)
Molecular Dynamics: The basic idea of MD, numerical integration of equations of
motion – Verlet and velocity Verlet algorithms, classical force-fields – bonded
and non-bonded interactions, parameterization of force-fields. Applications and
hands-on sessions – determining the diffusion constant and radial distribution
functions of a Lennard-Jones fluid using an Anderson thermostat, end-to-end
distance and radius of gyration of a solvated polymer using bead-spring model.
Advanced applications – MD in various ensembles – thermostats and baro-stats,
constrained MD. (12)
Some Tricks of the trade: Neighbour lists, Multiple time step methods, How to
handle long-range forces. (6)
Advanced techniques: Biased Monte Carlo Schemes, Rare Event, Brownian
dynamics, Dissipative particle dynamics. (5)
References
1. D. Frenkel and B. Smit, Understanding Molecular Simulations (ed. 2)
2. A. R. Leach, Molecular Modeling
3. M. P. Allen and D. J. Tildesley, Computer Simulation of Liquids
4. J. M. Thijssen, Computational Physics
5. T. Pang, An introduction to computational physics
6. V. Rajaraman, Computer Programming in Fortran 90 and 95

PHY 413/503: Introduction to Astrophysics (4)

Learning Objectives
The main objective here is to use our prior knowledge of physics (Classical,
Statistical, Quantum mechanics and General relativity) to understand the
fundamental processes that occur in celestial objects ranging from interstellar dust
to stars and galaxies.
Course Content
Introduction: Brief overview of our Universe (1)
Motion in the sky: Celestial sphere, Coordinate system and time, distance to stars,
velocity and distance measurement, proper motion, Kepler's problem and its
parametric solution. (3)
Radiative processes: Radiative transfer, Blackbody radiation, Bremsstrahlung,
Cyclotron and Synchrotron radiation, Thompson and Compton scattering, Inverse
Compton Scattering. (4)
Physics of Stars: Equation of stellar structure, Polytropes and modeling, Nuclear
reaction rates and burning of stars, Nucleosynthesis, Stellar evolution, White
Dwarfs, Neutron stars, Black holes, Collapsars, gamma ray bursts. (14)
Interstellar medium: Composition, Radiative heating and cooling, Shocks and
supernovae, supernovae remnant, star formation. (5)
Galaxies: Morphological classification, spiral and elliptic galaxies, galactic
dynamics, galaxy disc, rotation curve and dark matter, galaxy formation, active
galactic nuclei and quasars. (9)
Gravitational waves: Generation of gravitational waves, measurement. (2)
References
1. B. W. Carroll and D. A. Ostlie, Introduction to Modern Astrophysics
2. M. Zeilik and S. A. Gregory. Introductory Astronomy and Astrophysics
3. S. L. Shapiro and S. A. Teukolsky, Black Holes, White Dwarfs and
Neutron Stars
4. B. James and S. Tremaine, Galactic Dynamics
5. G. B. Rybicki and A. P. Lightman, Radiative Processes in Astrophysics
6. J. E. Dyson and D. A. Williams, The Physics of Interstellar Medium

PHY 414/614: Advanced Condensed Matter Physics (4)

Learning Objectives
Students will learn structural, electronic and magnetic properties of some exotic
materials of contemporary relevance, namely, the colossal magneto-resistive
materials, magnetoelectric and multiferroic materials, high temperature
superconductors, low dimensional systems, etc.
Course Content
Review of basic postulates of magnetism, direct and indirect exchange interaction,
Zener-double exchange interactions, super-exchange interactions, ferro-,
antiferro-, ferri-magnetism, spin glasses. (8)
Oxide based modern magnetic materials: Ferrites and magnetic technology based
on it, Giant magnetoresistance: Exchange in magnetic multilayers; Colossal
magnetoresistance materials, charge- and orbital-ordering, phase-separation;
electric, magnetic and photo control of physical properties. (10)
Dilute magnetic semiconductors, Introduction to spin electronics and technology
based on it. Thin film technology of magnetic materials. (8)
Review of basic postulates of superconductivity, High temperature
supercondtivity, Josephson junctions, SQUID magnetometer, recent advances in
superconductors: MgB2, Fe-based superconductors, etc. (6)
Ferroelectricity, Multiferroicity, magnetoelectricity (5)
Introduction to nanotechnology and nanoscience: Carbon nanotubes and
fullerenes. (3)
References
1. M. Getzlaff, Fundamental of Magnetism
2. N. W. Ashcroft and N. D. Mermin, Solids State Physics
3. O. Madelung, Introduction to Solid State Physics
4. P. M. Chaikin and T. C. Lubensky, Principles of Condensed Matter
Physics:
5. H. Ibach and H. Luetz, Solid State Physics – An Introduction to Theory
and Experiment:
6. J. Callaway. Quantum Theory of Solid State
7. B. D. Cullity, Introduction to Magnetic Materials
8. N. A. Spaldin, Magnetic Materials: Fundamentals and Device
Applications

PHY 415/615: Quantum Field Theory I (4)

Learning Objectives
Students will be able to understand the basics of quantum field theory and will be
able to read and understand advanced texts on the subject. Students will be able to
apply analytical problem solving skills in the areas of relativistic quantum
mechanics
Course Content
Classical Field Theory: Introduction; Lagrangian Field Theory; Lorentz
Invariance; Noether's Theorem and Conserved Currents; Hamiltonian Field
Theory. (8)
Canonical Quantization: The Klein-Gordon Equation, The Simple Harmonic
Oscillator, Free Quantum Fields, Vacuum Energy, Particles, Complex Scalar
Fields, The Heisenberg Picture, Causality and Propagators, Applications, Non-
Relativistic Field Theory. (8)
Interacting Fields: Types of Interaction, The Interaction Picture, Dyson's Formula,
Scattering, Wick's Theorem, Feynman Diagrams, Feynman Rules, Amplitudes,
Decays and Cross Sections, Green's Functions, Connected Diagrams and Vacuum
Bubbles, Reduction Formula. (10)
Quantizing the Dirac Field: Spin-Statistics Theorem, Fermionic Quantization,
Fermi-Dirac Statistics, Propagators, Particles and Anti-Particles, Dirac's Hole
Interpretation, Feynman Rules. (6)
Quantum Electrodynamics: Gauge field, Gauge Invariance, Quantization,
Inclusion of Matter - QED, Lorentz Invariant Propagators; Feynman Rules; QED
Processes. (8)
References
1. M. Schwartz, Quantum Field Theory
2. M. E. Peskin and D. V. Schroeder, An Introduction to Quantum Field
Theory
3. L. H. Ryder, Quantum Field Theory
4. S. Weinberg, Quantum Field Theory Part 1

PHY 416/616: General Theory of Relativity (4)

Learning Objectives
This course covers the basic principles of Einstein's general theory of relativity,
tensor algebra, experimental tests of general relativity, black holes, and
cosmology.
Course Content
Review of special theory of relativity. (2)
Mathematical aspects: Tensor algebra, Transformation of coordinates, Lie
derivative, covariant derivative, affine connections, Riemann tensor, Curvature
tensor. (8)
Inertial frames, Gravitational mass and inertial mass, Equivalence principle: weak
form, strong form, Principle of general covariance. (4)
Field equations in general relativity: Geodesic deviation, Vacuum Einstein
equations. (6)
Action formulation of GTR. (3)
Solution of Einstein equations: Tests of GTR, Black holes, Schwarzschild black
hole. (12)
Penrose diagram of Schwarzschild black hole. (2)
Cosmology: FRW Universe. (4)
References
1. S. Carroll, Spacetime and Geometry: An Introduction to General
Relativity
2. R. M. Wald, General Relativity
3. J. B. Hartle, Gravity: An Introduction to Einstein’s General Relativity
4. S. Weinberg, Gravitation and Cosmology

PHY 421/621: Quantum Field Theory II (4)

Learning Objectives
Students will be able to calculate tree level processes in quantum
electrodynamics. Students will be able to understand and apply path integral
methods to quantum field theory. Students will be able to understand basics of
non-abelian gauge theories
Course Content
Introduction: Why should we study “Path integral quantization”? (2)
Review of path integral formulation of quantum mechanics. (3)
Path integral formulation of interacting scalar field theory: Correlation functions,
Feynman Rules, Functional derivatives, Generating functional. (5)
Path integral for Fermion fields: Anti commutating numbers, the Dirac
propogator, Generating functional. (5)
Path inegral for QED. (4)
Non-abelian gauge theories and quantization: Gauge invariance, Yang-Mills
action, Feynman rules, Faddeev-Popov ghost fields, BRST. (8)
UV divergences and renormalization: explicit one loop renormalization for
interacting gauge theory. (6)
Renormalization Group : calculation of beta function. (3)
Spontaneous symmetry breaking: Goldstone boson, Higgs mechanism. (4)
References
1. M. Schwartz,Quantum Field Theory
2. M. E. Peskin and D. V. Schroeder,An introduction to Quantum Field
Theory
3. L. H. Ryder, Quantum Field Theory
4. A. Lahiri and P. B. Pal,A First Book of Quantum Field Theory
5. M. Kaku, Quantum Field Theory: A Modern Introduction by M. Kaku
6. J. D. Bjorken and S. D. Drell,Relativistic Quantum Field Theory
7. T-P Cheng &L-F Lee,Gauge Theory and Elementary Particle Physics
8. F. Halzen and A. D. Martin, Quarks and Leptons: An Introductory Course
in Modern Particle Physics

PHY 426/526/626: Electronic Structure of Materials (4)

Learning Objectives
This course is aimed at introducing concepts and methods in modern electronic
structure theory as applied to materials science. The course will begin with a
review of one-electron theories and illustrate their usefulness through some
common applications. An introduction to many electron problem along with a
description of state of the art techniques, such as density functional theory,
quantum Monte Carlo, many body perturbation theory, will follow. Practical
aspects of the methods will be discussed in the context of problems of
contemporary interest.
Course Content
Revision of one electron theory: Periodic systems, Bloch theorem, Tight binding
method, application to 1 dimensional crystals: chain of atoms, 2-dimensional
systems (e.g. graphene), 3-dimensional systems (e.g. silicon). (3)
Many electron systems: Crystal Hamiltonian, Born Oppenheimer approximation,
Variational principle, brief introduction to Hartree-Fock theory. (3)
Density Functional Theory: Fundamental theorems, Kohn-Sham formalism,
practical aspects - basis sets, pseudopotential, Brillouin zone sampling,
approximate exchange-correlation functionals. (6)
Description of metals and insulators: Density of states, band dispersion, work
function, smearing. (5)
Spin density functional theory: magnetism, exchange interaction, strongly
correlated materials and the DFT+U approach. (8)
Advanced topics:Phonons, Berry phase approach to electric polarization, NEB,
kinetic Monte Carlo, Ab initio MDQuantum Monte Carlo, Perturbation theory
methods – GW. (8)
Nanomaterials, surfaces, interfaces. (2)
References
1. R. Martin, Electronic Structure: Basic Theory and Practical Methods
2. A. P. Sutton, Electronic Structure of Materials
3. D. Scholl, Density Functional Theory
4. W. A. Harrison, Electronic Structure and the Properties of Solids
5. D. Khomskii, Basic Aspects of Quantum Theory of Solids
6. G. Grosso and G. PastoriParravicini, Solid State Physics
7. J. Thijssen, Computational Physics
8. M. C. Desjonqueres, Concepts in Surface Physics
PHY 504/620: Magnetism and Superconductivity (4)
Learning Objectives
Students will learn fundamentals and theoretical foundations of ordered and
disordered magnetic phases, different types of magnetic exchange interactions and
magnetic materials exhibiting such properties. Basic principles and theoretical
foundations of superconductivity, and different types of superconductors
comprise second part of the course.
Course Content
Magnetism: Orbital and spin magnetism without interactions; Exchange
interactions; Ferromagnetism, anti-ferromagnetism, ferrimagnetism, helical order
and spin glasses; Measurement of magnetic order; Broken symmetry, Landau
theory of ferromagnetism, Heisenberg and Ising model, consequences of broken
symmetry, phase transitions and spin waves; Domains and the magnetization
process; Itinerant magnetism of metals; Giant, colossal and tunneling magneto
resistance; Nuclear magnetic resonance and technological aspects of magnetic
materials.
Superconductivity: Properties of conventional (low temperature) superconductors,
Meissner-Ochsenfeld effect, perfect diamagnetism, London and Pippard equation;
Type I superconductors and type II superconductors, vortex state, critical fields,
interaction of vortices, magnetic properties, surface superconductivity; Ginzburg-
Landau theory; BCS theory of superconductivity- electron-phonon interaction,
ground state of the superconductor, spectrum of elementary excitations, tunnel
effects and measurement of the energy gap; Josephson effect and the quantum
interferometers; High Temperature superconductivity.
References
1. S. Blundell, Magnetism in Condensed Matter
2. J. M. D. Coey, Magnetism and Magnetic Materials
3. A. Aharoni, Introduction to the Theory of Ferromagnetism
4. M. Tinkham, Introduction to Superconductivity
5. J. F. Annett, Superconductivity, Superfluids and Condensates
6. T. P. Sheahen, Introduction to High- Temperature Superconductivity
PHY 505/628: Advanced Topics in Condensed Matter Physics (4)
Learning Objectives
This course aims to provide a blend of theoretical background with experimental
observations covering the recent trends in condensed matter physics.
Initially, some basic concepts of condensed matter physics will be revised. This
will be followed by the current trends in condensed matter physics covering
special topics, such as; oxide electronics, emergent phenomena at the oxide
interfaces and heterostructures. Later, novel properties of 2D materials (graphene
and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs)) will also be discussed.
An important goal of this course is to prepare the participants to know when to be
surprised – that is - how/when do you know you have discovered a new species or
something remarkably new?
Course Contents
Review of basic concepts: Free electron and tightly bound electrons, electron-
electron interaction, band structure, Bloch electrons and transport phenomena,
metal-insulator transition, semiconductors and dilute magnetic semiconductors,
magnetism and superconductivity; phonons, quasi-particle couplings (electron-
phonon, spin-phonon).
Recent trends in condensed matter physics:
(a) Oxide electronics: Novel properties of complex oxides; oxide thin films,
interfaces and heterostructures; emergent phenomena at the interfaces - two
dimensional electron gas, magnetism, superconductivity; experimental techniques
to grow and probe interfaces / heterostructures; experimental observations and
relevant theoretical models; etc.
(b) 2D materials: Graphene and TMDCs; lattice structure and band diagram;
lattice vibrations, Landau levels; novel electronic, optical and magnetic properties
as well as superconductivity.
References
1. N. W. Ashcroft and N. D.Mermin,Solid State Physics
2. M. P. Marder, Condensed Matter Physics
3. H. Y. Hwang et al, Emergent phenomena at oxide interfaces, Nature
Materials vol-11, pp-103, 2012 (and reference therein).
 4. J. Mannhart et al, Two-Dimensional Electron Gases at Complex Oxide
Interfaces, Annual Review of Materials Research vol-44, pp-151, 2014
(and reference therein).
5. M. Xu et al, Grahene-like Two-Dimensional Materials, Chemical Review
vol-113, pp-3766, 2013 (and reference therein).
6. J-W Jiang, Graphenevs MoS2, arXiv:1408.0437v1 (and reference therein).
7. S. Das et al, Beyond Graphene: Progress in Novel Teo-Dimensional
Materials and van der Waals Solids, Annual Review of Materials Research
vol-45, pp-1, 2015 (and reference therein).
8. MoS2: Materials, Physics and Devices; Zhiming M. Wang (Editor),
Lecture Notes in Nanoscale Science and Technology 21 (Springer, 2014).

PHY 506/622: Advanced Topics in Theoretical Condensed Matter Physics (4)

Learning Objectives
Current trends in condensed matter physics will be discussed in this course. Some
of the topics to be taught include topological insulators, topological
superconductors, quantum hall effect and phase transitions.
Course Contents
Second quantization for bosons and fermions.
Lattice vibrations: waves and phonons in graphene. Different bending modes of
graphene, Landau levels, oscillations of magnetization (de Haas van Alphen),
diamagnetism Landau and magnetic susceptibility of electron gas in graphene.
Graphene: band structure and Dirac spectrum.
Various generalizations: bilayer graphene, edge modes in ribbons, the birth of
topological insulators, Berry phase, topological indices, topological order and the
quantum spin hall effect, adiabatìc transport.
References
1. A. Altland and B. Simons, Condensed Matter Field Theory
2. R. Saito, Physical Properties of Carbon Nanotubes
PHY 510/630: Cosmology I (4)
Learning Objectives
This is an elective course which introduces cosmology to undergraduate students.
Cosmology is the study of the origin, evolution, structure and composition of the
universe as a whole.
Course Content
Brief introduction of cosmological distant scales - Astronomy and cosmology,
galaxies, radio sources, Quasars, coordinate systems, Hubble expansion Brief
review of general theory of relativity:
Relativity to Cosmology: Einstein field equation, luminosity distance, horizon
and Hubble radius, angular size redshift relation.
Relics of big-bang: radiation dominated universe, thermodynamical treatment of
early universe, nucleosynthesis, cosmic microwave background addition,.
Problems with standard big-bang theory: inflationary paradigm, Formation of
large scale structure of universe.
Theory of Cosmic microwave background radiation.
References
1. S. Dodelson, Modern Cosmology
2. J. V. Narlikar, An Introduction to Modern Cosmology
3. P.J.E. Peebles, Physical Cosmology
4. J. A Peacock, Cosmological Physics
5. S. Weinberg, Gravitation and Cosmology: Principles and Applications of
the General Theory of Relativity

PHY 519/619: Experimental Techniques (4)

Learning Objectives
Students will learn the fundamentals of various techniques used in thermometry,
vacuumsystems, cryogenics, magnetometry, radiation detection and measurement,
and determination of electrical andthermal properties.
Course Content
Basics of vacuum technique: vacuum generation, gauging.
Cryogenics: generation of low temperature and it measurements, Structure and
composition analysis by x-ray and electron diffraction based techniques: X-Ray
Diffraction, Energy dispersive X-Ray (EDX), Transmission electron microscopy
(TEM), X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF).
Electronic structure of Solids: X- ray and ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy,
angle resolved photo-emission spectroscopy, auger electron spectroscopy, and x-
ray absorption techniques.
Radiation and particle detectors: gas detectors, scintillator detectors and
semiconductor detectors, Thin film, polycrystalline and single crystal sample
preparation techniques.
Magnetometry and electrotransport: ac and dc magnetization techniques, two-
probe and four probe resistivity measurements, magnetoresistance, Hall, thermal
conductivity, thermopower, and heat capacity.
Ultrafast spectroscopy: transient absorption, two photon absorption and terahertz
spectroscopy Neutron and Muons in condensed matter.
References
1. S.Dushman, Scientific Foundations of Vacuum Technique
2. G. White, P. J. Meeson, Experimental Techniques in Low-Temperature
Physics
3. B. D. Cullity, Elements of X Ray Diffraction
4. R. F. Egerton, Physical Principles of Electron Microscopy: An
Introduction to TEM, SEM, and AEM
5. K. K. Schuegraf, Handbook of Thin-film Deposition Processes and
Techniques: Principles, Methods, Equipment, and Applications
6. K. Byrappa, T. Ohac, Crystal Growth Technology
7. S.Hüfner, Photoelectron Spectroscopy by Principles and Applications
8. B. D. Cullity,Introduction to Magnetic Materials
9. K. Sakai, Terahertz Optoelectronics
10. W. E. Fischer, R. Morf, X-Rays, Neutrons and Muons
PHY 527/627: Quantum Engineering (4)
Course Content
Quantum confined semiconductors –physics and devices.
Introduction to semiconductors; electrons and phonons in quantum wells,
quantum wires, and quantum dots. Quantum well diode lasers, inter-sub-band
transitions and detectors based on them, excitons in quantum wells and self-
electro-optic-effect devices, quantum dots for quantum computing.
Laser cooling and trapping of ions and their use in quantum information
processing: Laser cooling, Paul ion trap, other ion traps, coherent light atom
interaction, quantum computing with trapped ions.
Superconducting systems for quantum information processing, Josephson effect,
Phase qubits and flux qubits, circuits, examples.
References
1. P. Yeh and M. Cardona, Fundamentals of Semiconductors
2. D. A. B. Miller, Quantum Mechanics for Scientists and Engineers
3. P. Harrison ,Quantum Wells, Wires and Dots: Theoretical and
Computational Physics of Semiconductor Nanostructures
4. B.R. Nag, Physics of Quantum Well Devices
5. J. Stolze, D. Suter Quantum Computing: A Short Course from Theory to
Experiment
6. H. O. Everitt, ed, Experimental Aspects of Quantum Computing
7. L.-M. Duan and C. Monroe, Rev. Mod. Phys. 82, 1209 (2010)
8. A. M. Zagoskin Quantum Engineering: Theory and Design of Quantum
Coherent Structures

PHY 531/631: Special Topics in Theoretical Physics (4)

Course Content
Course title and contents will be dynamic and change year to year according to
emerging interesting areas in theoretical physics. Course Content will be
approved by Academic Senate upon recommendation from DUGC and DPGC.
PHY 534/634: Advanced Statistical Mechanics (4)
Learning Objectives
This course is about theoretical understanding of the various phases of matter
using statistical mechanics. Phase transitions of the first order and second order
will be discussed using a phenomenological model and the renormalization group
approach. This course will also introduce non-equilibrium statistical mechanics.
Course Contents
Revision of statistical mechanics, Thermodynamics of various ensembles, General
properties of partition function, Lee-Yang theorem.
Thermodynamics of phase transitions, metastable states, First and second order
transitions, phenomenology of liquid-gas and paramagnetic-ferromagnetic
transition, Van der Waals' equation of state critical point exponent.
Classical mean field theories, mean field theory for Ising model, Landau theory.
Setting up the transfer matrix, Calculation of free energy and correlation
functions, Results of Ising model in one and two dimensions.
Critical phenomena at second-order phase transitions, spatial and temporal
fluctuations, scaling hypothesis, critical exponents, and universality classes.
Ginzburg-Landau free-energy functional, momentum-space renormalization
group.
Systems out of equilibrium, kinetic theory of a gas, approach to equilibrium and
the H-theorem, Boltzmann equation and its application to transport problems.
Brownian motion, Langevin equation, fluctuation-dissipation theorem, Einstein
relation, Fokker-Planck equation.
References
1. K. Huang, Statistical Mechanics
2. R. K. Pathria, Statistical Mechanics
3. E.M. Lifshitz and L. P. Pitaevskii, Physical Kinetics
4. D.A. McQuarrie, Statistical Mechanics
5. L. P. Kadanoff, Statistical Physics: Statistics, Dynamics and
Renormalization
6. P. M. Chaikin and T. C. Lubensky, Principles of Condensed Matter Physics
7. H. E. Stanley, Introduction to Phase Transitions and Critical Phenomena
PHY 535/635: Many-body Quantum Mechanics of Degenerate Gases (4)
Learning Objectives
To master the practical use of the second quantised/ Fock space framework. To
understand how macroscopic quantum coherence arises in BEC and use mean
field theory. To understand the implications of quantum degeneracy pressure for
Fermions and its various practical manifestations. To obtain an overview of the
diverse quantum simulation prospects of ultracold gases.
Course Content
The course introduces the essential foundations of quantum many-body physics,
and uses it to build the theory of Bose-Einstein condensates and degenerate Fermi
gases. This allows a brief discussion of a variety of interesting physical
phenomena such as superfluidity, superconductivity or white dwarf stars. After
pointing out the general impossibility of comprehensive solutions of quantum-
many-body systems, it concludes with two paradigmatic applications of the idea
of “quantum simulators”: the ultracold atom Bose-Hubbard model and BEC-BCS
cross-over.
Motivation and Review
Context, applicability; single-particle quantum-mechanics, maths and statistical
physics. Quantum Many-Body Formalism
Symmetries of identical particles, creation- and destruction operators, coherent
states, Pauli blocking and Bose enhancement, field operators.
Bose-Einstein condensates
Bose-Einstein statistics, critical temperature and condensate fraction, Gross-
Pitaevskii equation, Bogoliubov theory, quasi- particles, Superfluidity.
Degenerate Fermi gases
Fermi-Dirac statistics, critical temperature, Fermi surface, Superconductivity,
Fermi-pressure in white dwarf stars. Quantum Simulators
Quantum many-body Hilbert space challenge. Feynman’s vision of quantum
simulations, Bose-Hubbard model (for cold Bose- atoms), BEC-BCS crossover
(for cold Fermi-atoms).
References
1. C. J. Pethick and H. Smith, Bose-Einstein Condensation in Dilute Gases
2. L. Pitaevskii and S. Stringari, Bose-Einstein Condensation
3. J. J. Sakurai, Modern Quantum Mechanics
4. J. W. Negele and H. Orland, Quantum many particle systems

PHY 601: Advanced Mathematical Methods for Physics (4)

Learning Objectives
The main objective of the course is to equip the students with the tools of
mathematics which are required for graduate courses and physics research.
Course Content
Vector space and matrices, linear independence, bases dimensionality, Inner
product, tensors, parallel transport, linear transformation matrices, inverse,
orthogonal and unitary matrices, independent element of a matrix, Eigen values
and Eigen vectors, diagonalization.
Theory of complex variables, Cauchy- Riemann condition, analytic functions,
Cauchy’s theorem, Cauchy integral formula, Laurent series, singularities, branch
points and cuts, residue theorem, contour integration, evaluation of definite
integrals, method of steepest descent.
Ordinary differential equations, second order linear ODEs with variable
coefficients, Solution by series expansion, non-homogeneous differential
equations and solution by the method of Green’s functions with applications.
Eigenvalue methods, up to Strum-Liouville systems. Special functions, Legendre,
Bessel, Hermite and Laguerre functions with their physical applications,
generating functions, orthogonality conditions, recursion relations, Legendre,
Bessel, Hermite, Laguire equations and their solutions. Fourier integral and
transforms, inversion theorem, Fourier transform of derivatives, convolution
theorem.
Partial differential equations, Solution of Laplace and Poisson's equations, Wave
equation
Introduction to Groups, Representations, Finite Groups, Permutation Groups,
Continuous Groups, Lie algebras.
References
1. B. Arfken and H. J. Weber, Mathematical Methods for Physicists, 6th Ed.
2. P. K. Chattopadhyay, Mathematical Physics.
3. M. L. Boas, Mathematical Methods in Physical Sciences.
4. S. D. Joglekar, Mathematical Physics: The Basics.
5. A. K. Ghatak, Mathematical Method of Physics.
6. F. B. Hildebrand, Methods of Applied Mathematics.
7. A. W. Joshi, Elements of Group Theory for Physicist.
8. S. Hassani, Mathematical Physics.
9. P. Dennery and A. Krzywicki, Mathematics for Physicists.
10. J. Mathews and R. L. Walker, Mathematical Methods of Physics.

PHY 602: Advanced Classical Mechanics (4)

Course Content
• Review of Classical Mechanics
• Variational principles- Lagrange’s equation and its application,
• Hamilton’s equation of motion
• Perturbation theory
• Hamilton Jacobi theory
• Poisson’s bracket in Classical Mechanics and its transition to quantum
mechanics
• Classical field theory
References
1. Classical Mechanics, John R. Taylor, University science books, 2004
2. Mechanics (Volume 1), Landau and Lifshtz, Butterworth-Heinemann
(1976), Ed. 3
3. Analytical Mechanics, Fowels and Cassiday, Thompson Books (2004) Ed. 7
4. Classical Mechanics, Herbert Golstein, Pearson (2011), Ed .3
PHY 603: Advanced Quantum Mechanics (4)
Learning Objectives
The course will be a review of foundations of quantum mechanics along with
some advanced topics like approximation methods in quantum mechanics, atomic
and molecular theory, time-dependent perturbation theory and scattering theory.
Course Content
Review of Quantum Mechanics Postulates of quantum mechanics, operator
methods, matrix representations, time-dependence, symmetry : Unitary operators:
translations in space, translation in time (evolution). Rotations, reflections and
parity. Conservation laws.
Solutions to the Schrodinger equation in one dimension. Angular momentum and
spin.
Charged particles in electromagnetic fields Hamiltonian for a charged spinless
particle in an electromagnetic field. Gauge transformations and gauge nvariance.
Aharonov-Bohm effect; Free electron in a uniform magnetic field: Landau levels.
Approximate Methods: Time-independent perturbation theory, first and second
order expansion; Degenerate perturbation theory; Stark effect; nearly free electron
model. Variational method: ground state energy and eigenfunctions; excited
states. The WKB method: bound states and barrier penetration.
Atomic and molecular structure: Revision of the Hydrogen atom. Fine structure:
relativistic corrections; spin-orbit coupling; hyperfine structure. Zeeman effects;
diamagnetic hydrogen. Multi-electron atoms: central field approximation; LS
coupling; Hund's rules. Born-Oppenheimer approximation; H_2+ ion; molecular
orbitals; H_2 molecule; ionic and covalent bonding.
Time-dependent perturbation theory: Two-level system, Rabi oscillations,
Magnetic resonance. Perturbation series, Fermi's Golden rule, scattering and
Born approximation. Radiative transitions, dipole approximation, stimulated
emission and absorption, spontaneous emission, Einstein's A and B coefficients,
selection rules; Cavity rate equations and lasers.
Scattering by a Potential: Formalism; Born approximations; Partial wave analysis
Relativistic Quantum Mechanics Klein-Gordan and Dirac equations and their
solutions. Chirality and helicity.
References
1. Quantum Physics, S. Gasiorowicz
2. Quantum Mechanics: Non-Relativistic Theory, Volume 3, L. D. Landau
and L. M. Lifshitz
3. The Physics of Atoms and Quanta, H. Haken and H. C. Wolf Quantum
Mechanics, F. Schwabl
4. Principles of Quantum Mechanics, R. Shankar
5. Problems in Quantum Mechanics, G. L. Squires
6. Quantum Mechanics: A New Introduction, K. Konishi and G. Paffuti
7. Quantum Mechanics, F. SchwablQuantum Mechanics, C. Cohen-
Tannoudji, B.D. Franck Laloe

PHY 613: Ultrafast Optics and Spectroscopy (4)

Course Content
Basics laser theory: Einstein coefficient and light amplification, laser rate
equations, cavity modes, transverse and longitudinal mode selection, coherence
properties.
Ultrashort pulse generation: Active and passive mode-locking, mode-locking
using optical Kerr Effect.
Ultrafast-pulse measurement methods: Electric field auto-correlations and power
spectrum, Intensity autocorrelations, frequency resolved optical gating (FROG).
Manipulation of ultrashort pulses: Pulse shaping techniques.
Ultrafast time-resolved spectroscopy: Forced wave equations, second harmonic
generation, Propagation equation for nonlinear refractive index media, nonlinear
Schroedinger equation, self-phase modulation, modulation instability and solitons.
Ulatrafast time-resolved spectroscopy: Degenerate and non-degenerate pump-
probe transmission measurements, stimulated Raman scattering.
Terahertz electromagnetic radiations: THz generation and detection, THz time
domain spectroscopy and imaging.
Introduction to atto-second science.
References
1. A. Weiner, Ultrafast Optics by Andrew Weiner
2. P. H. Ford ed., Laser Spectroscopy
3. A. K. Ghatak and K. Thyagarajan, Laser Theory and Applications
4. R. Trebino and J. Squiereds., Ultrafast Optics

PHY 617: Soft Condensed Matter (4)

Course Objective
Students will be able to learn the basics for the area of soft condensed matter
physics. Course will introduce colloids, polymer, liquid crystals and amphiphiles
to the students.
Course Content
Introduction and Overview: What is soft condensed matter, forces, energies and
timescales in soft condensed matter.
Colloids: A single colloidal particle in a liquid (Stoke’s law and Brownian
motion), forces between colloidal particles (Van der Waals, electrostatic double
layer, stearic, depletion interaction), stability and phase behaviour of colloids
(hard sphere, long ranged repulsion, weakly attractive, strongly attractive), flow in
concentrated dispersions.
Polymers: Polymeric materials, freely jointed chains and its Gaussian limit, real
polymer chains, excluded volume, theta temperature, viscoelastic behaviour of
polymers, linear viscoelasticity, time-temperature superposition, entanglements,
tube model and theory of reptation.
Liquid Crystals: Types of liquid crystals, characteristics and identification of
liquid crystal phases, nematic/isotropic transition, rigidity and elastic constants of
a nematic liquid crystal, boundary effects, disinclination, dislocation and other
topological defects, polymer liquid crystals.
Amphiphiles: Self-assembled phases in solutions of amphiphilic molecules,
spherical micelles and critical micelle concentration, cylindrical micelles, bilayers
and vesicles, phase behaviour of concentrated amphiphile solutions, complex
phases in surfactant solutions and microemulsions.
Biological Soft Matter: DNA (structure, condensation), proteins (structure,
folding, crystallization), membranes (lipid membranes, instabilities).
Experimental Techniques in Soft Matter: Rheology (shear rheometry,
microrheology), light scattering (dynamic light scattering, static light scattering),
microscopy (optical microscopy, video microscopy and particle tracking).
References
1. R. A. L. Jones, Soft Condensed Matter
2. W. Hamley, Introduction to Soft Matter: Synthetic and Biological Self-
Assembling Materials
3. T. A. Witten and P. A. Pincus, Structured Fluids: Polymers, Colloids and
Surfactants

PHY 623: Non-adiabatic Interactions in Physics, Chemistry and Biology (4)

Course Content
The Born-Oppenheimer Approach – The Time Independent Framework: (a) The
Adiabatic Representation; (b) The Diabatic Representation
Mathematical Introduction: (a) The Hilbert Space and the Curl-Div Equations; (b)
First Order Differential Equations along contours; (c) Abelian and non-Abelian
Systems.
The Adiabatic-Diabatic Transformation (ADT). On the Single-valuedness of the
newly formed Diabatic Potentials and the Quantization of the Born-Oppenheimer
(BO) non-adiabatic coupling (NAC) matrix. Singularities, Poles and Seams
characterizing the BO-NAC terms.
Molecular Fields as formed by Lorentz Wave-Equations.
The Jahn-Teller Model, The Renner-Teller model, the mixed Jahn-Teller/Renner-
Teller model. The Privileged ADT phase and the corresponding Topological
(Berry/Longuet-Higgins) phase.
The Extended Born-Oppenheimer Equation including Symmetry
The Born-Oppenheimer Approach – The Time Dependent Framework
(emphasizing Field-dependent non-Adiabatic Coupling terms).
The interaction between molecular systems and electromagnetic fields: (a) The
Classical treatment of the field (b) The Quantum treatment of the Field (based on
Fock states).
If time allows various subjects related to Quantum Reactive Scattering Theory
will be introduced. Among other things the concept of arrangement channels and
decoupling of arrangement channels employing Absorbing Boundary conditions
will be discussed.
References
1. M. Baer and C-Y. Ng, (eds), State-Selected and State-to-State Ion-
Molecule Reaction Dynamics. Ser. Advances of Chemical Physics, Vol.
82, Part 2, John Wiley, Hoboken, N.J. (1992)
2. M. Baer and G.D. Billing (eds), The Role of Degenerate States in
Chemistry, Ser. Advances of Chemical Physics, Vol. 124; John Wiley,
Hoboken, N.J. (2002)
3. W. Domcke, D.R. Yarkony and H. Koeppel, Conical Intersections,
Advances Series In Physical Chemistry Vol. 15 (World Scientific, Hong-
Kong (2004).
4. Farad. Discussions, Non-Adiabatic Effects in Chemical Dynamics, Vol.
127 (R.S.C.), University Oxford, (2004)
5. M. Baer, Beyond Born-Oppenheimer: Electronic Nonadiabatic Coupling
Terms and Conical Intersections, Wiley Interscience, Hoboken, N.J.,
(2006).
6. G.C. Schatz and M. A. Ratner, Quantum Mechanics in Chemistry,
Prentice-Hall, Englwood Cliffs (1993)
7. J.D. Jackson, Classical Electrodynamics, 2nd Edition, John Wiley, New
York (1975)
8. J. Z. H. Zhang, Theory and Application of Quantum Molecular Dynamics,
World Scientific, Hong-Kong (1999)

PHY 625: Quantum Information Theory (4)

Course Content
• Probabilities
• Classical Information theory
 • Review of quantum mechanics
• Bits to Qubits
• Quantum states: mixed states, multipartite states, superposition and
entanglement
• Quantum measurements
• Quantum dynamics, open and closed dynamics
• The circuit model
• Quantum entropy and quantum correlations
• Elements of quantum computing
References
1. M. A. Nielsen and I. L. Chuang, Quantum Computation and Quantum
Information
2. J. Preskill, Quantum Information and Quantum Computation, Available
online (Caltech)
3. J. J. Sakurai, Modern quantum mechanics Addison-Wesley (1994)

PHY 629: Introduction to High Energy Physics (4)

Learning Objectives
The objective of the course is to introduce the students to the field of high energy
physics where a lot of exciting research is taking place.
Course Content
Introduction to Particles and Interactions, Feynman Diagrams, Conservation
Laws, Relativistic Kinematics of Particle Interactions, Strong Interactions, Weak
Interactions, Electroweak Theory, Higgs Boson, Neutrinos.
Accelerators in High Energy Physics, Principles of Particle Radiation Detection
and Measurement, Particle Detectors – Scintillation Detectors, Gas Detectors,
Semiconductor Detectors.
References
1. Introduction to High Energy Physics - Donald Perkins
2. Introduction to Elementary Particles - David Griffiths
3. Radiation Detection and Mesurement - G. F. Knoll
PHY 632: Quantum Entanglement in Many-Body Systems (4)
Learning Objectives
The course will develop the notion of entanglement with the aim of exploring its
consequences in the field of many-body physics. The ideas of pure and mixed
states, and various appropriate measures of entanglement will be introduced.
Second quantization formalism will be developed for free fermions and free
bosons. Techniques for computing entanglement in such systems will then be
described. An attempt will be made to make contact with current research where
familiar phenomena of many-body physics are being studied afresh from a
quantum entanglement perspective.
Course Contents
Quantum Theory: Linear algebra, the postulates of quantum mechanics,
measurement.
Entanglement: Density operators, Schmidt decomposition, Einstein- Podolsky-
Rosen, Bell inequality.
Measures of entanglement: Entropy of entanglement, Concurrence, Tangle,
Positive Partial Transpose, Mutual information, Quantum discord etc.
Second Quantization: States of many-particle system, Fock space: creation and
destruction operators, Identity of particles and the Pauli principle, Representation
of Symmetric operators in Fock space, Independent particle states, Coherent
states, Canonical Transformations, Bogolyubov transformation, Canonical form
of the generalized density matrix, Diagonalization of quadratic Hamiltonians.
Entanglement in Solvable Many-Particle Models: Reduced density matrices, Note
on application to DMRG, Entanglement entropy: von Neumann, and Renyi
entropy, Free-particle models: fermionic hopping models, coupled oscillator
models, correlation functions, Entanglement hamiltonians, correlator matrix
approach to computing entanglement entropy, Schmidt form for fermions,
Integrable models: Transverse field Ising models, Relation to a 2D partition
function, Entanglement entropies for various chain models.
Outlook: Recent and current activity in the field of many body physics, open
questions, hints on possible directions for research. Other models and questions
that are being investigated.
References
1. M. A. Nielsen and I. L. Chuang, Quantum Computation and Quantum
Information
2. J. P. Blaizot and L. Ripka, Quantum Theory of Finite Systems
3. J. J. Sakurai, Modern Quantum Mechanics
4. D. J. Griffiths, Introduction of Quantum Mechanics, 2nd Ed
5. I. Peschel, Special Review: Entanglement in Solvable Many- Particle
Models
6. V. Vedral, Entanglement in the Second Quantization Formalism, CEJP 2,
289-306 (2003)