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Title: RF Generator Frequency Measurement Experiment 1: Objective

1) The objective was to measure RF generator frequency by varying attenuation, RF power level, and lecher line values to change impedance and reflection. 2) Measurements were taken of lecher line length at minimum and maximum current readings. The wavelength and VSWR were calculated from these values. 3) The experiment allowed conclusion that varying lecher line changes impedance and reflection ratio, and demonstrated setup of an RF frequency measurement device for use in transmission.

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81 views5 pages

Title: RF Generator Frequency Measurement Experiment 1: Objective

1) The objective was to measure RF generator frequency by varying attenuation, RF power level, and lecher line values to change impedance and reflection. 2) Measurements were taken of lecher line length at minimum and maximum current readings. The wavelength and VSWR were calculated from these values. 3) The experiment allowed conclusion that varying lecher line changes impedance and reflection ratio, and demonstrated setup of an RF frequency measurement device for use in transmission.

Uploaded by

bezawit hailemariam
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Title: RF generator frequency measurement

Experiment 1:
Objective:
Our aim in this experiment is to setup the RF generated frequency measuring device for our future use in
transmission. The main objective is to observe and record the RF detector reading (which is in micro
ampere), by making variation on the attenuation value (in percentage of decibel), RF power level and
lecher line values (in centimeters) that determines the value of the reflection coefficient hence it makes
variation on the impedance values resulting different amount of reflection.

Introduction:
An antenna is metallic device (as a rod or wire) for radiating or receiving radio waves that are generated
at the transmitter side and radiated through space. In reception, an antenna intercepts some of the power
of an electromagnetic wave in order to produce a tiny voltage at its terminals that is applied to a receiver
to be amplified.in our lab experiment we have seen Monopole antenna, Half wave (diploe)antenna Yagi
antenna and Coaxial antenna.
Monopole antenna:
Is a straight rod shaped conductor often mounted perpendicularly over some type of conductive surface
called ground plane. The length of the antenna is determined by the wave length of the radio waves it is
used with.

A typical monopole antenna


Half wave Dipole antenna:
Dipole antenna is the simplest type of radio antenna, consisting of a conductive wire rod that is half the
length of the maximum wavelength the antenna is to generate. The wire rod is split in the middle, and the
two sections are separated by an insulator. Each rod is connected to a coaxial cable at the end closest to
the middle of the antenna. Radio frequency voltages are applied to dipole antennas at the two conductors.
They are used alone as antennas, especially in rabbit-ear television antennas.

A folded dipole antenna


Yagi antenna:
It is a directional antenna consisting of a driven element such as dipole or folded dipole and additional
parasitic elements, typically a reflector and one or more directors.it radiates in only one direction and is
most commonly used in point to point communication.

A typical Yagi antenna


Coaxial antenna:
It is a particular form of half wave dipole antenna, most often employed as a vertically polarized
omnidirectional antenna.

Equipment used:
 RF generated frequency measuring device
 Power supply
 RG59 Coaxial cable
 Wires
Measuring parameters:
 Standing wave ratio: WSVR of an antenna is a measure of how well an antenna is impedance
matched to the transmission line it is conneceted.it can be calculated as,

¿ ¿
VSWR=S=¿ Vmax∨ ¿ ¿ Imax∨ ¿
¿ Vmin∨¿ ¿ = ¿ Imin∨¿ ¿
¿
S= 1+¿ Γ L∨ 1−¿ Γ L∨¿ ¿ ¿

Γ - Is reflection coefficient
 Wavelength: is the distance between two maximum points or two minimum points.in antenna
wavelength and size of antenna are related.
Transmission line: it transmits wave or electrical signal from one end to another. The
performance of transmission line depend on Resistance, inductance, capacitance and shunt
conductance which are uniformly distributed along the line.
 Attenuation: is refers to any reduction in the strength of a signal. It occurs with any type of
signal, ether digital or analog. The extent of attenuation is usually expressed in units called
decibels (dB).

Procedure:
1. The output of the generator is connected to the input of the lecher line by using RG 54 coaxial
cable.
2. The cursor of the lecher line was connected the input of the RF detector/meter.
3. The attenuation knob of the meter and the generator was put at ‘0’.
4. The power supply panel was adjusted at a proper polarity.
5. Then, the power level is put at 50% approximately and the variation of the meter detector was
observed by moving the cursor of the line starting from the origin and slowly going to the other
end. When the meter reading was higher than the range, we have minimize it to the desired value
with the RF generator power.
6. We have moving the cursor of the lecher line to find two minimum and two maximum currents.
7. Finally, the wavelength of the RF signal and the SWR was calculated.

The connection made


Result and Analysis:
By conducting our experiment we have obtained the following results by moving the lecher line and
varying its values to obtain the two maximum and the two minimum values.
Length of lecher line:
Lmin1=3.6cm Lmax1=13.3cm
Lmin2=22.6cm Lmax2=31.4cm
Current reading:
Imin1= 1 μ Α Imax=36 μ Α

 Wavelength ( λ / 2)=(Lmax2-Lmax1) or (Lmin2-Lmin1)


=31.4-13.3=18.1cm
λ
=18.1 cm
2
λ=36.2 cm
Imax 36 μ Α
 VSWR= = =36
Imin 1 μ Α
¿
 VSWR=1+ ¿ Γ ∨ ¿
1−¿ Γ ∨¿=36 ¿
Γ =0.95
c 3∗108
 f= = =828 MHz
λ 36.2∗10−2

Conclusion:
From the experiment we have conducted we can conclude that by varying one of the determining
parameter that is lecher line we can obtain different results of reflection ratio and standing wave ratio.
When the length readings are varied the impedance value will also vary giving distinct reflection values.
Finally we can setup our RF generated frequency measurement devices for our future use as a transmitter
in communication.

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