PREFACE

Welcome to this course on Computer Systems Servicing NC II!

This manual consists of four modules: (1) Installing and Configuring

Computer Systems, (2) Setting-up Computer Networks, (3) Setting up
Computer Servers, and (4) Maintaining and Repairing Computer
Systems and Networks. It is designed to equip you, TVL learners, with
essential knowledge, skills, and attitude on mechatronics in
accordance with industry standards that will lead you toward
achieving National Certificate Level II.

Each module is made up of the following components:

1. Expected Learning Outcomes—This lays out the learning

outcomes that you are expected to have accomplished at the
end of the module.
2. Preassessment—This determines your prior learning on the
particular unit of competencies you are about to take.
3. Definition of Technical Terms—This lists the meaning of
unfamiliar words used in this module.
4. Lesson Information—This provides you with the important
knowledge, principles, and attitude that will help you meet the
expected learning outcomes.
5. Self-Check—This helps you to assess your understanding of a
lesson.
6. Learning Activity—This provides you with the application of the
knowledge and principles you have gained from the lesson and
enables you to further enhance your skills as you carry out
prescribed tasks.
7. Post-assessment—This evaluates your overall understanding
about the module.

This manual is designed so you can pace yourself as you use them to
achieve the prescribed learning competencies. It also aims to prepare
you to be at the forefront of the fast-growing world of industry and in
your quest for higher education, middle-skills development,
employment, and entrepreneurship.

We hope this material will be of great help to you!

MODULE 1: INSTALLING AND CONFIGURING
COMPUTER SYSTEMS(ICCS)

Source: Interdisciplinary Mechatronics Structure (Craig)

EXPECTED LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of the module, you should be able to:

LO1. assemble computer hardware;

LO2. prepare installer;
LO3. install operating systems and drivers for peripherals/devices;
LO4. install application software; and
LO5. conduct testing and documentation.
PRE-ASSESSMENT
Let us determine how much you already know about installing
mechatronic devices. Read and analyze each statement carefully.
Choose the best answer and write only the letter of your answer on
your answer sheet.

1. This term comes from the Greek word that means “air, wind or
breath, and movement.”
a. hydraulic
b. motor control
c. pneumatic
d. programmable logic control

2. This is a mechatronics system that deals with the study of liquids

in motion and pressure in pipes and cylinders.
a.actuator
b.hydraulic
c.motor control
d.pneumatic

3. This is a component of the pneumatic system used to control the

direction, flow rate, and pressure of compressed air.
a. air filter
b. pressure switch
c. reservoir
d. valve

4. This is a combination of mechanisms and electronics.

a. auto mechanics
b. electronics
c. mechanics
b. mechatronics
Lesson 1.1: Assemble Computer Hardware

 Plan and prepare unit assembly following OHS policies &

procedure in accordance in system requirements

 Identify materials, tools, testing devices and equipment need

in assembling and disassembling computer hardware

 Perform assembling and disassembling computer hardware

DEFINITION OF TECHNICAL TERMS

Computer Hardware - includes the physical, tangible parts or
components of a computer

Configuration - an arrangement of elements in a particular form,

figure, or combination.

Hazard – a potential source of danger.

LESSON INFORMATION 1.1.1: OCCUPATIONAL
HEALTH & SAFETY PROCEDURES

OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY POLICY

is a cross-disciplinary area concerned with protecting the safety,

health and welfare of people engaged in work. The goal of all
occupational health and safety programs is to foster a safe work
environment. As a secondary effect, it may also protect co-workers,
family members, employers, customers, suppliers, nearby
communities, and other members of the public who are impacted
by the workplace environment. It may involve interactions among
many subject areas, including occupational medicine, occupational
(or industrial) hygiene, public health, safety engineering,
chemistry, health physics.

Safety practices should be learned early and always adhered to

when working with any electrical device, including personal
computers and peripherals. This is for the protection of not only the
people working with them, but also for the devices themselves. The
basis for this process begins with your Occupational Health and
Safety Policies.
PERSONAL SAFETY WHILE WORKING ALONG WITH PC’S

While working inside your computer, do not attempt to service

the computer except as explained in this guide and elsewhere in
product documentation. Always follow the instructions closely.

Computer equipment can be dangerous, and you or others can be

injured or even killed if you don’t follow proper safety guidelines when
working along PC’s. The following are some precautionary measures
to take before working with any computer equipment:

Before you start to work on the computer, perform the following

steps in the sequence indicated:

1. Turn off the computer and all peripherals.

2. Ground often to prevent static charges from building up by

touching a piece of bare metal on the chassis or power supply.

3. Disconnect the computer and peripherals from their electrical

outlets. Doing so reduces the potential for personal injury or
shock. Also disconnect any telephone or telecommunication
lines from the computer.
NOTE: Before disconnecting a peripheral from the system or removing
a component from the system board, verify that the standby power
light-emitting diode (LED) on the system board has turned off.

In addition, it is recommended that you periodically review the safety

instructions in your System Information Guide.

OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY PROCEDURES

1. Avoid direct contact with electricity.

2. Secure/check and prepare the materials and workplace.

3. Apply ESD (Electro Static Discharge).

4. Apply 5’s

a. Sort

b. Set in order

c. Shine

d. Standardized

e. Sustain

5. Use anti-static protection.

6. Work on dry clean areas.

ADDITIONAL SAFETY TIPS:

 Keep the work area free of clutter and keep it clean.
 Keep food and drinks out of the work area.
 Avoid opening a computer monitor unless trained since it can
store up to 25,000 volts.
 Remove all jewelry and watches
 Make sure that the power is off and the power plug has been
removed
 Do not look at the laser beam that is found in computer related
equipment.
 Make sure that the fire extinguisher and first aid kit is
available.
 Cover sharp edges with tape when working inside the computer
case.
  Wear shoes with non-conductive rubber soles to help reduce the
chance of being shocked or seriously injured in an electrical
accident.
 When you shut down your computer, be sure to shut it down
properly.  Do not turn it off with the case switch.
 Do not remove expansion cards from a computer when it is
turned on.
 Do not work on components that are plugged into their power
source.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
- is anything used or worn by a person to minimize risk to the
person's health or safety and includes a wide range of clothing and
safety equipment. PPE includes boots, face masks, hard hats, ear
plugs, respirators, gloves, safety harnesses, high visibility clothing etc.
TYPES OF PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
In every aspect of
work, it is

necessary to have concern specially to health in order to avoid hazard.

PPE can be considered in the following categories, based on the type of protection
afforded by the equipment:

Types of personal
protective Description Examples
equipment

Respiratory Use to protect our disposable, cartridge,

protection nasal passages in airline, half or full face
breathing to filter the
radical elements
present in the air

Eye protection Use to protect our spectacles/goggles,

eyes from small shields, visors
element coming the
air

Hearing protection Use to protect the ear muffs and plugs

ears from too much
noise or very loud
 machines

Hand protection Use to protect our Gloves, anti-static

hands from dangers wrist strap
and cuts

Foot protection Use to protect our shoes/boots

feet from pointed
object in the ground

Head protection Use to protect our helmets, caps, hoods,

head from any falling hats
debris

Working from heights Use to attached our harness and fall arrest
body securely in a devices
strong object

Skin protection Use to protect our hats, sunburn cream,

skin from intense long sleeved clothes
heat of the sun

HAZARDS IN A WORKPLACE

Preventive maintenance and strict observation of occupational

health and safety will lead to a safe working environment to all. Using
the appropriate personal protective equipment will minimize the
untoward incident that may happen. In order the technician, be safe
all the times and hazard will be avoided they are encourage to use the
personal protective equipment always specially if they are in the
workplace.

Classification of Description Examples

Hazards

Chemical Substances which can Etching solution

cause harm if not Lead
properly used or stored Mercury

Physical Physical things that can Hand tools

bring hazard to you as a Power tools
technician Machinery
Electrical power
Ladders and scaffolds
Biological Hazards caused by Unclean and
insects and animals disorganized
which can results to Animal and insect
irritation and allergies bites
Ergonomic Working condition Poor lighting and
which can cause harm ventilation
in a long run like back Poor sitting position
aches and poor eye Wrong lifting
sight movement

Psychological Problems and anxiety in Difficulty in work

the workplace Heavy workload
Too much servicing
jobs
Conflict with
employer and co-
worker
Irregular shifting
work schedule

SELF-CHECK 1.1
Directions:

Identify at least 10 Occupation health and Safety (OHS) policies

and procedures in CSS.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

LEARNING ACTIVITY 1.1

Appropriate Use of Personal Protective

TASK TITLE:
Equipment
Maintain and Repair Computer Systems
UNIT:
and Networks

Info Sheet 4.3.1, Internet, TLE Module

READING:

Given the necessary tools and equipment,

OBJECTIVES:
you should be able to perform appropriate
use of personal protective equipment.
LABORATORY WORK: Materials:

1. List down the Gloves

available personal Anti-static wrist strap
protection equipment in
the shop. Helmet
2. Collect the ppe and Flashlight
put in available space.
apron
3, Inspect the ppe for
using.

4. Wear the collected ppe

and show it to the class
as a model.

EVALUATION: The student will be assessed according to the

performance criteria.

Performance Criteria 1.1

Did you…. Yes No

1. Recognize the available personal protective equipment

in the shop
2. Determine its uses for your own protection

3. Inspect its condition if it still in good condition

4. Wear it appropriately to ensure safety.

5. Tell its importance for safety in workplace

LESSON 1.1.2: THE COMPUTER SUB-SYSTEM AND PERIPHERALS

THE COMPUTER SUB-SYSTEM AND PERIPHERALS

Computer Hardware is the collection of physical elements that

comprise a computer system. Computer hardware refers to the
physical parts or components of computer.

MAJOR HARDWARE COMPONENTS OF A COMPUTER SYSTEM

A. System unit

The electronic circuitry that is housed within the computer

where processing happens. It is a main part of a microcomputer.
TWO MAIN PARTS OF THE SYSTEM UNIT

1) External parts (These parts are found outside the System Unit)

 Power switch – It switches the computer

on and off. It is found in front of the
system unit

 Optical drive – This is where disks are

inserted. This may be a floppy disk drive,
a CD-Rom drive, a hard disk drive, or any
combination of these drives

 System case – House the internal

components and protects them against
dust and damage.

 Back panel ports – These are the holes

at the back of the system unit that allows
transfer of data.

 Light emitting diode – These are lights

in front of the system unit

2. Internal parts (These parts are found inside the System Unit)

 Microprocessor or central processing

unit – It is actually the heart or brain of the
 computer. It carries out and performs most
of the instructions from either user of
software.

 Card – This is where disks are inserted.

This may be a floppy disk drive, a CD-Rom
drive, a hard disk drive, or any combination
of these drives.

 Motherboard – It is the main circuit board

that contains the central processing unit for
the computer, memory and sometimes
printer ports or other devices.

 Network interface card – The PC

expansion board that plug into a personal
computer or server and works with the
network operating system to control the
flow of information over the network.

 Hard disk – Also known as hard drive is a

magnetic storage device that is installed
inside the computer.

 Power supply - Gives the system unit

enough power in processing.

 FAN - Keeps the CPU cool inside

 Memory - Is a temporary storage space of

information and instructions.

B. Input Devices

These are devices that accept input (data instructions) from the
user or from another computer system.
 The following are the most common input devices that:

 Enable you to input information and commands into to

computer.

 Function as a medium in translating human language

into machine or computer language so that the
computer could process the commands supplied by
the user.

 Keyboard – It is similar to a typewriter but

has special buttons or keys that signify a
command. It is used to enter data and
commands into the computer

 Mouse – It is a box-like input device

connected along wire. This device controls the
movement of the cursor or pointer on a
display screen

 Scanner- it is an input device that read text

or illustration printed on paper, translates the
information into a form that a computer can
use.

 Video camera - camera using videotape: a

camera that records onto videotape

C. OUTPUT DEVICES
These are devices that translate and represent the processed information from the
computer’s CPU into human readable forms.

 Monitor or video display screen - A device

that resembles a television screen for users
to see the activities that they are doing in
the computer.

 Printer - it is a piece of hardware that

produces a paper copy (also known as
‘hardcopy’) of the information generated by
the computer
  Speaker - A device that changes the
electrical signals into a form that can be
heard and understood by humans.

SELF-CHECK. 1.1.2
DIRECTION:

Identify the following computer components

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.
7.

8.

9.

10.

LESSON 1.1.3: TOOLS, EQUIPMENT AND TESTING DEVICE

Tools, Equipment and Testing Devices

 FLASH DRIVE – RAM that can retain data
without electrical power. It is widely used
for BIOS chips and for digital camera and
digital music storage.

 LONG NOSE PLIERS – is used for holding,

bending and stretching the lead of
electronics component or connecting wire.

 SOLDERING KIT – is used to join two or

more metal conductors with the support of
soldering lead melted around it.

 DESOLDERING TOOL – is used to unsolder

unwanted parts or component in the circuit
with the support of soldering pencil.
 SCREW DRIVER - is used to drive or fasten
positive slotted screws

 MULTITESTER- is an instrument use to

measure voltage, current and resistance.

 Tweezers – Used to manipulate small

parts.

 Part Retriever – Used to retrieve parts from

location that is too small for your hand to
fit.

 Flashlight – Used to light up areas that you

cannot see well.

 Compressed Air – Used to blow away dust

and debris from different computer parts
without touching the components.

 Anti-Static Wrist Strap – Used to prevent

ESD damage to computer equipment

 Anti- static mat - Used to stand on or

place hardware on to prevent static electricity
from building up.
  Lint-free Cloth – Used to clean different
computer components without scratching
or leaving debris.

 Loop –Back Adapter – Used to test the

functionality of the computer ports

SELF-CHECK. 1.1.3
Directions: Name the tools presented below. Write your answers on the space
provided before each tool.

1. 6.

2. 7.

3. 8.
4. 9.

5. 10.

LESSON 1.1.4: COMPUTER OPERATING SYSTEM

Operating System - is a set of programs that manage computer

hardware resources and provide common services for application
software. The operating system is a vital component of the system
software in a computer system. Application programs require an
operating system which are usually separate programs, but can be
combined in simple systems.

Time-sharing operating systems schedule tasks for efficient use of the

system and may also include accounting for cost allocation of
processor time, mass storage, printing, and other resources.

What Operating Systems Do?

Operating systems define how a computer stores files, switches
between different applications, manages memory, keeps itself secure,
and interacts with peripherals like printers and cameras. Different
operating systems take different approaches to all of these, which is
why you normally can't run a Windows program on a Macintosh
computer and why permissions look different on an Android phone
than on an iPhone.
Some operating systems are designed by groups of people around the
world, like the open source, freely available operating system Linux,
while others are commercial products made by one company, such as
Microsoft's Windows and Apple's macOS.
Different operating systems run on different types of hardware and are
designed for different types of applications. For example, iOS is
designed for iPhones and iPad tablets, while Mac desktops and
laptops use macOS. Your computer or smartphone comes equipped
with an OS, but you can install another one in some cases.

TYPES OF OPERATING SYSTEMS:

Real-time

A real-time operating system is a multitasking operating system that

aims at executing real-time applications. Real-time operating systems
often use specialized scheduling algorithms so that they can achieve a
deterministic nature of behavior. The main objective of real-time
operating systems is their quick and predictable response to events.
They have an event-driven or timesharing design and often aspects of
both. An event-driven system switches between tasks based on their
priorities or external events while time-sharing operating systems
switch tasks based on clock interrupts.

Multi-user

A multi-user operating system allows multiple users to access a

computer system concurrently. Time-sharing system can be classified
as multi-user systems as they enable a multiple user access to a
computer through the sharing of time. Single-user operating systems,
as opposed to a multi-user operating system, are usable by a single
user at a time. Being able to use multiple accounts on a Windows
operating system does not make it a multi-user system. Rather, only
the network administrator is the real user. But for a Unix-like
operating system, it is possible for two users to login at a time and
this capability of the OS makes it a multi-user operating system.

Multi-tasking vs. Single-tasking

When only a single program is allowed to run at a time, the system is

grouped under a single-tasking system. However, when the operating
system allows the execution of multiple tasks at one time, it is
classified as a multitasking operating system. Multi-tasking can be of
two types: pre-emptive or co- CBLM Computer System Servicing,NC II
Installing and Configuring Computer Systems Date Developed: March
2,2016 Date Revised: Document No. DHS CSS-001-16 Issued by:
Developed by: Page 29 of 96 Revision # 0 operative. In pre-emptive
multitasking, the operating system slices the CPU time and dedicates
one slot to each of the programs. Unix-like operating systems such as
Solaris and Linux support pre-emptive multitasking, as does Amiga
OS. Cooperative multitasking is achieved by relying on each process to
give time to the other processes in a defined manner. 16-bit versions
of Microsoft Windows used cooperative multi-tasking. 32-bit versions,
both Windows NT and Win9x, used pre-emptive multi-tasking. Mac
OS prior to OS X used to support cooperative multitasking.

Distributed

A distributed operating system manages a group of independent

computers and makes them appear to be a single computer. The
development of networked computers that could be linked and
communicate with each other gave rise to distributed computing.
Distributed computations are carried out on more than one machine.
When computers in a group work in cooperation, they make a
distributed system.

Embedded

Embedded operating systems are designed to be used in embedded

computer systems. They are designed to operate on small machines
like PDAs with less autonomy. They are able to operate with a limited
number of resources. They are very compact and extremely efficient by
design. Windows CE and Minix 3 are some examples of embedded
operating systems.

FIVE COMMON OPERATING SYSTEMS

Microsoft Windows
Microsoft Windows has existed in one form or another since 1985, and
it remains the most popular operating system for home and office
computers. Its latest versions, including Windows 10, are also used on
some tablets, and the OS is used on some web and number-crunching
server computers as well. Computers from a wide variety of
manufacturers can use Windows.
Initial versions of Windows worked with an earlier Microsoft operating
system called MS-DOS, providing a modern graphical interface on top
of DOS's traditional text-based commands. Signature features of
Microsoft Windows's user interface include windows themselves –
rectangle-shaped, on-panel screens that represent individual
applications. The Windows Start menu has helped generations of
users find programs and files on their devices.
Efforts to use versions of the Windows OS for smartphones have been
less successful.
Apple iOS
Apple's iOS is one of the most popular smartphone operating systems,
second only to Android. It runs on Apple hardware, including iPhones,
iPad tablets and iPod Touch media players.
Signature features of iOS include the App Store where users buy apps
and download free software, an emphasis on security including strong
encryption to limit what unauthorized users can extract from the
phone, and a simple, streamlined interface with minimal hardware
buttons.
Google's Android OS
Android is the most popular operating system in the world judging by
the number of devices installed. Largely developed by Google, it's
chiefly used on smartphones and tablets. Unlike iOS, it can be used
on devices made by a variety of different manufacturers, and those
makers can tweak parts of its interface to suit their own needs.
Users can download custom versions of the operating system because
large portions of it are open source, meaning anyone can legally
modify it and publish their own. However, most people prefer to stick
with the version that comes on their devices.
Android, like iOS, comes with an application and media store called
the Play Store built by Google. Some phone manufacturers and other
organizations also offer their own stores to install software and media.
Apple macOS
Apple's macOS, successor to the popular OS X operating system, runs
on Apple laptops and desktops. Based in part on the historic family of
Unix operating systems dating back to research in the 1960s at
AT&T's Bell Labs, macOS shares some features with other Unix-
related operating systems including Linux. While the graphical
interfaces are different, many of the underlying programming
interfaces and command line features are the same.
Signature elements of macOS include the dock used to find programs
and frequently used files, unique keyboard keys including the
Command key, and the stoplight-colored buttons used to resize open
program windows. MacOS is known for its user-friendly features,
which include Siri, a natural-voice personal assistant, and FaceTime,
Apple's video-calling application.
Linux Operating System
Unlike many other operating systems, development on Linux isn't led
by any one company. The operating system was created by Finnish
programmer Linus Torvalds in 1991. Nowadays, programmers from all
over the world collaborate on its open source code and submit tweaks
to the central kernel software and other programs.
A wide assortment of commercial and open source software is
available for Linux, and various Linux distributions provide custom
user interfaces and tools for installing software onto machines
running the operating system. A favorite of many programmers, Linux
is widely used on corporate and scientific servers, including cloud
computing environments. Linux can be run on a wide variety of
hardware and is available free of charge over the internet.

SELF-CHECK NO. 1.1.4

Direction: Identify the Precautions and Procedures write TRUE if the

statement is correct and FALSE if the statement is wrong.

________1) An operating system is a set of programs that manage

computer hardware resources and provide common services for
application software.
________2) Operating system is not a vital component of the system
software in a computer system. Application programs require an
operating system which are usually separate programs, but can be
combined in simple systems.

________3) Time-sharing operating systems schedule time for efficient

use of the system and may also include accounting for cost allocation
of processor time, mass storage, printing, and other resources.

________4) Operating systems define how a computer stores files,

switches between different applications, manages memory, keeps itself
secure, and interacts with peripherals like printers and cameras.

________5) Operating systems are found on almost any device that

contains a computer—from cellular phones and video game consoles
to supercomputers and web servers.

LESSON 1.1.5: COMPUTER ASSEMBLE AND DISASSEMBLE

One of the basic skills that you must acquire in computer hardware
servicing is to independently assemble and disassemble a personal
computer or simply setting up a PC. After familiarizing with all the
tools and safety precautions I believe that you are now ready to gain
another experience in CHS by going through this lesson.

Personal Computer Disassembly

Before starting computer disassembly, make sure you have the tools
you need and they're all close by and handy and be sure to have a
container to keep the screws in so you have them when you want to
put things back together.

Step 1. Unplugging - The first thing you do is to unplug every cable

that is plugged in to your computer. That includes the cables such as
Power, USB, Mouse, Keyboard, Internet, Ethernet, Modem, AM\FM
Antenna, Cable TV, etc. Just unplug all the cables for safety purposes.

Now that your computer is fully unplugged, move your PC to a

clean work space, preferably a carpet. The carpet is better than tile,
because screws and other small parts will roll around.

Step 2. Opening the Outer Shell/Case- First, unscrew the four

screws at the back of the computer. On most computer cases, there
will be large knobs that you can unscrew by hand or by screw driver
on the back-right side of the computer. The left side has small screws
because on that side you can't access much on the inside.
 Figure 33. Screw at the back of computer chasis

Once the screws are removed, you can remove the side panels.
On most computers, they just slide off. Start with the left side panel
(the side that once had the knobs), slide it towards the back of the
computer. Now you can remove the left panel. Just like the other side,
slide it towards the back of the computer.

Side
Panel

Figure 34. Removing the side panel

NOTICE:
If you are working on a carpet, about every five minutes touch
something that is grounded (Sink faucet / pipe, wire coming from the
ground part of a wall outlet). This is done so you do not shock your
motherboard or other parts.

Step 3. Removing the System Fan - First, unplug the fan from the
motherboard. You can find the plug by following the wire from the fan.
It should be labeled "SYS_FAN1". Next, you will have to unscrew the
fan from the outside. You should now be able to lift the fan out of the
PC.

System Fan

Figure 35. Removing the system fan

 Step 4. Removing the CPU Fan- The CPU fan is located right on top
of the CPU heat sink, which is a large piece of metal with fins on the
top. The CPU fan plugs into the motherboard in an awkward place,
that is hard to access. But just follow the wires and you should easily
find it. It is labeled "CPU FAN1". To remove the fan from the heat sink,
remove the four screws securing it in place.

CPU Fan

Figure 36. Removing the CPU fan

Step 5. Power Supply - The first thing to do is unplug every wire

coming from the power supply. You must disconnect the motherboard
(very large connector/plug), CD/DVD drive(s) power, internal hard
drive power and portable hard drive slot power.

Once everything is unplugged, unscrew the four screws holding

the power supply in place, on the back of the computer. Next, push
the power supply from the outside, and then lift it out.

Figure 37. Unscrew the power supply

Step 6. CD/ DVD Drive(s)- First, unplug the ribbon from the back of
the drive. Once that is completed, pull on the tab securing the drive in
place, then push it out from the inside.

CD / DVD
Drive
 Figure 38. Location of CD / DVD Drive

Step 7. Hard Drive - First, unplug the connector at the back of the
slot, and unplug the other end from the motherboard. Also unplug the
SATA cable from the motherboard and the hard drive. The portable
hard drive slot is secured the same way the CD/DVD drive is, with a
tab. Pull on the tab, then slide the slot out.

Figure 39. Unplugging the Hard Drive connector

To remove the hard drive from the side of the slot, unscrew the four
screws securing it in place. You must be very careful not to drop the
hard drive, since it is very delicate!

Figure 40. Removing the hard drive from the side of the slot
Step 8. Memory (RAM) - To remove the RAM, push down on both
tabs holding the RAM in place, which are located at both ends of the
RAM

Figure 41. Removing the Memory

Step 9. Motherboard - The motherboard has seven screws holding it

to the frame, which are indicated by large white circles around them.
Remove them and then lift the motherboard out of the frame.

Figure 42. Removing the Motherboard

Step by Step Computer Assembly

Step 1. Prepare your workplace

1. Take Inventory:

Before you start, take an inventory of your parts. Do not begin

assembling your computer if you don't have everything you need.
Begin the step-by-step process once you are ready with everything you
need.
 Figure 43. Take inventory of the Different Computer Parts

2. Make Space, Make Time:

Building a PC takes up space - about a dining room table

worth.  So, make sure you have plenty of working room and a few
hours to proceed with minimal interruption. Work on a flat, stable
table top surface, or bare floor, where you have room to layout all of
the items.

3. Prepare Grounding Protection:

Use an inexpensive antistatic wrist strap. It is the perfect

preventive measure if you have no alternative to working on carpet.
Remember, a table top or bare floor is always the best place to build
your system. Make sure you are wearing your antistatic wrist strap
correctly (it does you no good at all if you do not wear it!), and you are
ready to proceed. Look at Figure 42 for details.

Figure 44. Wearing the Anti- static Wrist Strap Correctly

4. Have the Drivers Ready:

Assuming you have another internet connected PC, download

the latest drivers from the vendors' websites for each component you
will be installing.  Sometimes drivers are updated between the time
the component was manufactured and the time you are installing it. 
It is always best to have the latest.  Copy them to a CD for easy
access.

Step 2. Prepare the Motherboard

1. Great care should be taken when installing the motherboard.

First, take the board out of its packaging and put it on top of
the antistatic bag it came in (see Figure 45). Remember, you
always want to safeguard your components from potentially
hazardous static
electricity (wear your
strap).
 Figure 45. Motherboard in an Antistatic Bag

2. Before you secure the motherboard onto the PC case/chassis,

inspect it carefully for any visible defects.
3. Next, review the motherboard manual, to make sure you are
familiar with the motherboard layout and understand which
socket is which. Manuals are extremely helpful, usually easy to
read, and include illustrations. Below you can find instructions
on how to install the processor, the heat sink and the memory
modules on the motherboard. You should not place the
motherboard in the computer case until you are told to do so.

Step 3. Install the CPU

1. Use the unlocking mechanism to open the CPU socket which is

usually a lever.
2. Carefully line up the pins and place the chip in its socket; it will
fit only when oriented the proper way. An arrow or a missing pin
on one corner of the chip will show you how to line things up.
3. Align Triangular CPU and socket key marks as shown in Figure
46.
4. Lower the lever to lock the CPU into place.
 Figure 46. Install CPU

Step 4. Install the CPU Heat Sink

1. Follow the manufacturer's directions to install the heat sink and

the fan that will cool the processor. If you bought an OEM CPU
and a separate heat sink, you may need to spread a thin layer of
the thermal grease that came with the heat sink over the chip to
ensure proper transfer of heat (some heat sinks come with this
grease already applied).

Figure 47. Install CPU Heat Sink

3. Attach the clip that holds the heat sink in place keeping in mind
that it may require a fair amount of force. Again, follow the
instructions that came with the heat sink. They will show you
how to fit it correctly.  If you are in doubt, you can visit the
manufacturer's website for more information.
4. Plug the CPU fan's power connector into the proper connector
on the motherboard.

Step 5. Install Memory (RAM Modules)

In order to install the memory modules, insert them into the

proper sockets (Figure 48) and push down firmly but evenly until the
clips on both sides of the socket pop into place. If your motherboard
supports dual-channel memory, consult the user manual to determine
which pairs of RAM sockets you should use. The motherboard and the
CPU are the brain and nerve center of your PC, so selecting these
components is the most important decision you'll make.
 Figure 48. Install RAM Memory

Step 6.  Place the motherboard into the case

1. Some PC cases have a removable motherboard tray. If yours does,

remove the screws holding it in place and pull it out of the case
(Figure 49).

Figure 49. Remove Motherboard Tray

2. Note the pattern of the holes in your motherboard (Figure 50), and
screw brass standoffs into the motherboard tray or into the PC case in
the correct locations (ALWAYS check the manual and follow their
instructions to the letter).
 Figure 50. Screw Brass Standoffs Into the Motherboard

3. Check the layout of the sockets on the motherboard, and confirm

that the ports on your motherboard's back panel match the holes on
the case's Input/Output (I/O) shield that is installed in your case. If
necessary, remove the old I/O shield by tapping it firmly a few times
with the butt-end of a screwdriver, and then replace it with the shield
that came with the new motherboard.

4. Carefully position the motherboard on top of the brass standoffs

(Figure 51), line up all the holes, and use the screws that
accompanied the case to fasten down the motherboard. If you are
using a removable tray in your system, slide the tray and motherboard
back into the case and then secure the tray.

Figure 51. Case’s I /O Shield

Figure 52. Mount the Motherboard

Step 7. Connect the Power Supply

Making the proper connections is crucial to successfully

assembling your PC system. Fortunately, manufacturers provide
color-coded power cables and unique connector shapes to make the
job easy.

1. First, plug the large ATX power connector (Figure 53) from your
power supply into the matching port on your motherboard. Look
Figure X for details
2. Locate the smaller, square processor power connector (Figure 54)
(you cannot miss it - it is the one sprouting the yellow and black
wires) and attach it to the motherboard. Note: your connector is
usually located near the processor. As always, refer to your
motherboard's manual for the exact locations.

3. Use your motherboard user manual and find the description about
front-panel connectors.

Figure 53. Large ATX Connector

Figure 54. Connect the ATX Power in the Motherboard

 Figure 55. Square Processor Power Connector

NOTE

You are going to be doing work that requires attention to detail and can
be quite frustrating if you do not go into it with the right attitude.

4. Attach each of the tiny leads from the power and reset switches
(Figure 56), the hard-disk activity lights, the PC speaker, and any
front-panel USB and FireWire ports to the corresponding pin on your
motherboard. The needle-nose pliers are useful for manipulating small
pieces.

Figure 56. Connect the different Leads

Step 8. Install Graphics / Video Cards

1. Begin by removing the backplane cover from the AGP or PCI

Express X16 slot (the metal piece where the monitor connector
will emerge) (Figure 57).

Figure 57. Remove the backplane cover

 2. Install the graphics board in that slot, and then secure the card
with a screw (Figure 58).

Figure 58. Install the Graphics Board

Step 9. Install Internal Drives

Now it is time to install your drives. This is an easy process, but it

requires attention to detail.

1. Make any necessary changes to jumpers on the drives before

mounting them in the case. A two-drive system (one or two
SATA (Serial ATA- is a standard hardware interface for
connecting hard drives and CD/DVD drives to a computer) hard
drives, plus one parallel ATA (Advanced Technology Attachment)
optical drive, for example) is easy to set up; the SATA drives are
jumper less, and the optical drive can be set as master on its
own parallel ATA channel. Many cases have removable drive
rails or cages to house drives.

2. Use the included screws to attach your drives to the rails or

cage, and slide them into the case. For externally accessible
drives such as a DVD recorder, you can save time by installing
one drive rail and sliding the drive in for a test fitting to make
sure that its front is flush with the case (Figure 59).

3. When the drives are installed, connect power and data cables to
each one. Parallel ATA drives use wide, flat data cables that can
be installed only in the correct way. Floppy drives use a similar
but smaller cable; SATA drives use a thin, 1cm-wide data cable.
SATA drives use a new type of power connector that many
power supplies don't come with. Fortunately, many
motherboards ship with.

adapters for converting a standard four-pin power connector to a

SATA power connector (Figure 59).
 Figure 59. Attach your devices

Figure 60.
Connect Power Connector

Step 10. Install the Add- in Cards

1. For each add-in card, you must choose a free PCI slot.
2. Remove its backplane cover to allow access from the rear of the
case.
3. Carefully position the card above the slot, and press down
firmly to seat the card (Figure 61).
4. Secure the card with a screw.
 Figure 61. Add- in Cards

Many motherboards have additional sound connectors or ports

housed on small add-in boards. Some of this plug into slots on the
motherboard; others screw into the back of the case in place of slot
covers. Usually the additional ports are not essential to your PC's
operation. For example, if you install a sound card, you do not need
connectors to the motherboard's built-in sound chip. Check your
motherboard manual to determine what each of these boards does.

Connecting Peripherals of a Personal Computer

When attaching hardware and peripherals of the computer,

ensure that they are connected to the correct locations or ports. For
example, some mouse and keyboard cables use the same type of PS/2
connector. So, you must know first the different ports that can be
found in the back panel of the computer.

Keep in mind:

1. When attaching cables, never force a connection.

2. Plug in the power cable after you have connected all other cables.

Steps in Connecting External Hardware of a PC

Step 1. Attach the monitor cable to the video port.

Step 2. Secure the cable by tightening the screws on the connector.

Figure 62. Attach the Monitor Cable

Step 3. Plug the keyboard cable into the PS/2 keyboard port.
 Figure 63. Plug the Keyboard Cable

Step 4. Plug the mouse cable into the PS/2 mouse port.

Figure 64. Plug the

Mouse Cable

Step 5. Plug the USB cable into a USB port.

Figure 65. Plug the USB Cable

Step 6. Plug the network cable into the network port.

Figure 66. Plug the Network Cable

Step 7. Plug the power cable into the power supply.

Figure 67. Plug the Power Cable

 After connecting all the cables into their proper places, the
picture in the next page should be the appearance of the back panel of
your PC.

Figure 68.
Appearance of
the PC’s Back Panel

Self Check 1.1.4

Direction: Rearrange the following procedures in their proper order.
Use numbers to indicate their order of precedence. Th e first number is done
for you.

A. Personal Computer B. Personal Computer Assembly

Disassembly

____1. Detaching the Hard Drive ___1. Connect the Power Supply

____2. Detaching the power ____2. Install Graphics / Video

supply Cards

____3. Opening the outer shell / ____3. Install Internal Drives

case

____4. Pull Out the Motherboard ____4. Install Memory (RAM

Modules)

____5. Removing the CD / DVD ____5. Install the Add- in Cards

Drives

____6. Removing the CPU fan ____6. Install the CPU

____7. Removing the system fan ____7. Install the CPU Heat Sink

____8. Place the motherboard into

the case

____9. Prepare the Motherboard

____10. Prepare your workplace

LEARNING ACTIVITY 1.1.4

Performance Objective: Given a working personal computer, the

student must be able to disassemble and assemble computer hardware.

Supplies/Materials and Equipments :

 Personal computer
 Personal Protective equipment
 Tools, Equipment and Testing Devices
Steps and Procedure:

A. PC Disassembly

B. Personal Computer Assembly

A. Connecting PC Peripherals

PERFORMANCE CRITERIA CHECKLIST 1.1.1-4

 CRITERIA YES NO

1. Did the trainee start the process successfully

2. Did the trainee followed the precautionary

measures to take before working with the computer
equipment

3. Did the trainee succeeded in disassembling

computer hardware

4. Was the trainee successful in assembling computer

hardware

5. Is the trainee connects other PC peripherals

LESSON 1.1.6: BIOS AND POST CONFIGURATION

BIOS (basic input/output system) - is the program a

personal computer's microprocessor uses to get
the computer system started after you turn it on. It also manages
data flow between the computer's operating system and attached
devices such as the hard disk, video adapter, keyboard, mouse and
printer.

Next to the CPU, the BIOS is the most important chip found on the
motherboard. A firmware device, the BIOS provides vital services at
boot up, hardware standards for your system and, through its
configuration utility, many ways to customize your system.

The System BIOS is the lowest-level software in the computer; it acts

as an interface between the hardware (especially the chipset and
processor) and the operating system. The BIOS provides access to the
system hardware and enables the creation of the higher-level
operating systems (DOS, Windows 95, etc.) that you use to run your
applications. The BIOS is also responsible for allowing you to control
your computer's hardware settings, for booting up the machine when
you turn on the power or hit the reset button, and various other
system functions.

One of the most important functions that the BIOS plays is to boot up
the system. When the PC is first turned on, its main system memory
is empty, and it needs to find instructions immediately to tell it what
to run to start up the PC. These it finds within the BIOS program,
because the BIOS is in read-only permanent memory and so is always
available for use, even when the rest of system memory is empty.

The BIOS (Basic Input Output System) chip performs a variety of

important tasks during system operation. On systems that use 32-bit
versions of Microsoft Windows (Windows 95 or newer), the BIOS has
relatively little to do with system operation after the boot process has
been completed. However, during the boot process, the BIOS is an
extremely critical component. Tasks that the BIOS chip performs
include

 Configuration and control of standard devices

 The power-on self test (POST)

 The location of an operating system, to which it turns over

control of the system by using the Bootstrap loader

The BIOS and Standard Devices

The BIOS is a complex piece of firmware ("software on a chip") that
provides support for the following devices and features of your system:

 Selection and configuration of storage devices, such as hard

drives, floppy drives, and CD-ROM drives

 Configuration of main and cache memory

 Configuration of built-in ports, such as IDE hard disk, floppy

disk, serial, parallel, PS/2 mouse, and USB

 Selection and configuration of special motherboard features,

such as memory error correction, antivirus protection, and fast
memory access

 Support for different CPU types, speeds, and special features

 Support for advanced operating systems, including networks,

Windows 9x, and Windows 2000 (Plug and Play)

 Power management

BIOS and Software Layer Model

Layer # Layer

0 Hardware

1 System BIOS
 2 Operating System

3 Application

BIOS Setup Program

Despite its many functions and the important role it plays in running
your PC, the system BIOS is most "famous" for the BIOS setup
program, the little built-in utility that lets you set the many functions
that control how your computer works. In fact, some people even call
this program "the BIOS" or "the CMOS" which of course is inaccurate
("CMOS" refers to the technology used to create the tiny memory
where the BIOS settings are stored).

The BIOS Program

A uniform standard was created between the makers of processors

and the makers of BIOS programs, so that the processor would always
look in the same place in memory to find the start of the BIOS
program. The processor gets its first instructions from this location,
and the BIOS program begins executing. The BIOS program then
begins the system boot sequence which calls other programs, gets
your operating system loaded, and your PC up and running.

The BIOS program is always located in a special reserved memory

area, the upper 64K of the first megabyte of system memory
(addresses F000h to FFFFh). Some BIOSes use more than this 64K
area.

System Boot Sequence

The system BIOS is what starts the computer running when you turn
it on. The following are the steps that a typical boot sequence involves.
Of course, this will vary by the manufacturer of your hardware, BIOS,
etc., and especially by what peripherals you have in the PC. Here is
what generally happens when you turn on your system power:

1. The internal power supply turns on and initializes. The power

supply takes some time until it can generate reliable power for
the rest of the computer, and having it turn on prematurely
could potentially lead to damage. Therefore, the chipset will
generate a reset signal to the processor (the same as if you held
the reset button down for a while on your case) until it receives
the Power Good signal from the power supply.
2. When the reset button is released, the processor will be ready to
start executing. When the processor first starts up, it is
suffering from amnesia; there is nothing at all in the memory to
 execute. Of course, processor makers know this will happen, so
they pre-program the processor to always look at the same place
in the system BIOS ROM for the start of the BIOS boot program.
This is normally location FFFF0h, right at the end of the system
memory. They put it there so that the size of the ROM can be
changed without creating compatibility problems. Since there
are only 16 bytes left from there to the end of conventional
memory, this location just contains a "jump" instruction telling
the processor where to go to find the real BIOS startup program.

3. The BIOS performs the power-on self-test (POST). If there are

any fatal errors, the boot process stops. POST beep codes can
be found in this area of the Troubleshooting Expert.

4. The BIOS looks for the video card. In particular, it looks for the
video cards built in BIOS program and runs it. This BIOS is
normally found at location C000h in memory. The system BIOS
executes the video card BIOS, which initializes the video card.
Most modern cards will display information on the screen about
the video card. (This is why on a modern PC you usually see
something on the screen about the video card before you see the
messages from the system BIOS itself).

5. The BIOS then looks for other devices' ROMs to see if any of
them have BIOSes. Normally, the IDE/ATA hard disk BIOS will
be found at C8000h and executed. If any other device BIOSes
are found, they are executed as well.

6. The BIOS displays its startup screen.

7. The BIOS does more tests on the system, including the memory
count-up test which you see on the screen. The BIOS will
generally display a text error message on the screen if it
encounters an error at this point; these error messages and
their explanations can be found in this part of the
Troubleshooting Expert.

8. The BIOS performs a "system inventory" of sorts, doing more

tests to determine what sort of hardware is in the system.
Modern BIOSes have many automatic settings and will
determine memory timing (for example) based on what kind of
memory it finds. Many BIOSes can also dynamically set hard
drive parameters and access modes, and will determine these at
roughly this time. Some will display a message on the screen for
each drive they detect and configure this way. The BIOS will
also now search for and label logical devices (COM and LPT
ports).

9. If the BIOS supports the Plug and Play standard, it will detect
and configure Plug and Play devices at this time and display a
 message on the screen for each one it finds. See here for more
details on how PnP detects devices and assigns resources.

10. The BIOS will display a summary screen about your

system's configuration. Checking this page of data can be
helpful in diagnosing setup problems, although it can be hard to
see because sometimes it flashes on the screen very quickly
before scrolling off the top.

11. The BIOS begins the search for a drive to boot from. Most
modern BIOSes contain a setting that controls if the system
should first try to boot from the floppy disk (A:) or first try the
hard disk (C:). Some BIOSes will even let you boot from your
CD-ROM drive or other devices, depending on the boot sequence
BIOS setting.

12. Having identified its target boot drive, the BIOS looks for
boot information to start the operating system boot process. If it
is searching a hard disk, it looks for a master boot record at
cylinder 0, head 0, sector 1 (the first sector on the disk); if it is
searching a floppy disk, it looks at the same address on the
floppy disk for a volume boot sector.

13. If it finds what it is looking for, the BIOS starts the

process of booting the operating system, using the information
in the boot sector. At this point, the code in the boot sector
takes over from the BIOS. The DOS boot process is described in
detail here. If the first device that the system tries (floppy, hard
disk, etc.) is not found, the BIOS will then try the next device in
the boot sequence, and continue until it finds a bootable device.

14. If no boot device at all can be found, the system will

normally display an error message and then freeze up the
system. What the error message is depends entirely on the
BIOS, and can be anything from the rather clear "No boot device
available" to the very cryptic "NO ROM BASIC - SYSTEM
HALTED". This will also happen if you have a bootable hard disk
partition but forget to set it active.

This process is called a "cold boot" (since the machine was off, or cold,
when it started). A "warm boot" is the same thing except it occurs
when the machine is rebooted using {Ctrl}+{Alt}+{Delete} or similar. In
this case the POST is skipped and the boot process continues roughly
at step 8 above.

BIOS Power-On Self Test (POST)

The first thing that the BIOS does when it boots the PC is to perform
what is called the Power-On Self-Test, or POST for short. The POST is
a built-in diagnostic program that checks your hardware to ensure
that everything is present and functioning properly, before the BIOS
begins the actual boot. It later continues with additional tests (such as
the memory test that you see printed on the screen) as the boot
process is proceeding.

The POST runs very quickly, and you will normally not even be
noticed that it is happening--unless it finds a problem (amazing how
many things are like that, isn't it?) You may have encountered a PC
that, when turned on, made beeping sounds and then stopped
without booting up. That is the POST telling you something is wrong
with the machine. The speaker is used because this test happens so
early on, that the video isn't even activated yet! These beep patterns
can be used to diagnose many hardware problems with your PC. The
exact patterns depend on the maker of the BIOS; the most common
are Award and AMI BIOSes. This part of the Troubleshooting
Expert will help you figure out what the POST beep codes mean and
what to do about them, if you are having this problem.

Note: Some POST errors are considered "fatal" while others are

not. A fatal error means that it will halt the boot process
immediately (an example would be if no system memory at all is
found). In fact, most POST boot errors are fatal, since the POST is
testing vital system components.

Many people don't realize that the POST also uses extended
troubleshooting codes that you can use to get much more detail on
what problem a troublesome PC is having. You can purchase a special
debugging card that goes into an ISA slot and accepts the debugging
codes that the BIOS sends to a special I/O address, usually 80h. The
card displays these codes and this lets you see where the POST stops,
if it finds a problem. These cards are obviously only for the serious PC
repairperson or someone who does a lot of work on systems.

BIOS Startup Screen

When the system BIOS starts up, you will see its familiar screen
display, normally after the video adapter displays its information.
These are the contents of a typical BIOS start up screen:

 The BIOS Manufacturer and Version Number.

 The BIOS Date: The date of the BIOS can be important in
helping you determine its capabilities, since the "magic dates" of
some features are fairly well known.

 Setup Program Key: The key or keys to press to enter the BIOS

setup program. (This is usually {Del}, sometimes {F2}, and
sometimes another key combination.
  System Logo: The logo of the BIOS company, or in some cases
the PC maker or motherboard manufacturer.

 The "Energy Star" Logo: This distinctive logo is displayed if the

BIOS supports the Energy Star standard, which almost all
newer ones do.

 The BIOS Serial Number: This is normally located at the

bottom of the screen. Since BIOSes are highly customized to the
particular motherboard, this serial number can be used in
many cases to determine the specific motherboard and BIOS
version you are using. Check out Wim Bervoets' BIOS site for a
huge list of these numbers.

System Configuration Summary

Just before the BIOS begin booting the operating system from disk, it
will display an ASCII-graphics box on the screen containing summary
information about your system's configuration. What is in this box
depends on your BIOS and system, of course, but typically you will
find the following:

 Processor (CPU) Type: This is usually the general family of

processor, like "Pentium" or "Pentium Pro" etc. Newer BIOSes
will recognize the Intel-compatibles directly; older ones may
display "Pentium" when the chip really isn't one. You may see
this displayed as "Pentium-S" on a system with Award BIOS;
this just means that the processor incorporates SMM, enhanced
power management features that were introduced in the 486SL
and incorporated into almost all current processor.
 Coprocessor: This used to be used to indicate if the machine
had a separate coprocessor or floating point unit (FPU) in it.
Modern processors have this built-in so this will almost always
say "Installed" or "Integrated".

 Clock Speed: The speed of the processor in MHz. Some BIOSes

put the speed of the processor together with the processor type
display (the first line).

 Floppy Drive A: The size and capacity of the first detected

floppy disk, A:

 Floppy Drive B: The size and capacity of the second detected

floppy disk, B:

 IDE/ATA Drives: Most BIOSes will show an entry for each of

the four devices on an IDE system: the primary slave and
master, and the secondary slave and master. Older machines
only support two IDE drives and will often just call these "Drive
C" and "Drive D", which is misleading (since each drive can
actually contain more than one drive letter). For each drive
 installed in the system, the screen will show its size and what
sort of modes it is using for access (PIO modes, whether or not it
is using LBA, etc.). Some BIOSes will also display the drive's
manufacturer. Most modern BIOSes will also detect and show
IDE (ATAPI) CD-ROMs.

 Base Memory Size: This will (almost?) always be 640K. This is

also called conventional memory.

 Extended Memory Size: How much extended memory your

system has. If you add this to the base memory you will usually
find that 128K, 256K or 384K of memory is "missing" from the
number that it should be (see the "powers of 2" table for usual
byte totals for 16MB, 32MB etc.) The BIOS usually will not
report the upper memory area that is reserved for the BIOS
ROM and other hardware adapters.

 Cache Size: The amount of cache memory in the system.

 Memory Type and Configuration: Most newer systems will

display how many banks of memory have been found, and what
memory technology is in use; for example, you may see "EDO
DRAM at Bank 1" or "FP: 0" (FPM DRAM) or something similar.

 Display Type: This will normally say "VGA/EGA". It doesn't

really tell you anything at all about the video adapter since this
describes generically every video adapter produced for the last
ten or so years (why do they even bother?)

 Serial Port(s): The I/O port addresses of your serial or COM

ports. Normally there are two, with addresses 3F8h and 2F8h,
but there can be three or four as well.

 Parallel Port(s): The I/O port addresses of your parallel or LPT

ports. Normally there is one, with the address 378h, but you
may see 278h or 3BCh here.

 Plug and Play Devices: Some BIOSes will report the

descriptions of any Plug and Play expansion cards they identify
during the boot process.

Step-by-step how to set the computer, boot sequence to boot

from installation media.

BIOS ROM (Basic Input Output System) has a built in Setup program
that allows users to modify the basic system configuration. The Setup
program store the computer information in CMOS RAM that is
powered by a little battery that is located on the computer
motherboard so that it will retain the computer information even if the
computer is turned off.

To make computer to start or to boot from the CD-ROM, we need to

configure the Bios Setup or CMOS Setup program and set the first
boot sequence to CD-ROM drive.

How to enter the BIOS / CMOS Setup Program Utility.

1. When the computer power on, black screen appears on you monitor,
wait until the message appears briefly at the bottom of the screen.

Press F2 to enter SETUP, F12 for Network Boot, ESC for Boot Menu

Example of the message at the bottom of the computer boot up

screen:

2. From the boot up screen message above, we know that the key need
to press to enter the BIOS setup is [F2] key. Now press [F2] key to
enter the setup program. This key may be vary from one machine to
other machine, because this is key base on the manufacture of the
BIOS Setup program.

Note: Other key that commonly used to enter the CMOS setup (BIOS
setup)

Delete key.
Esc key.
F1 key.
F2 key.
F3 and F2 key.
F10 key.
Ctrl + Alt + Esc key.
Ctrl + Alt + S key.

How to change the boot sequence.

3. Press [F2] key until you see the BIOS Setup Utility screen, then go
to the Boot Option tab then change the Boot sequence to CD-ROM
drive as the first boot device.
NOTE: Use the < + > key to move the CD-ROM Drive up. Make sure
that you read help menu on or blow the window screen

Item Specific Help

Key used to view or configure devices:
< Enter > expends or collapses devices with a + or -
< Ctrl + Enter > expands all
< Shift + 1 > enables or disables a device.
< + > and < - > moves the device up or down.
< n > May move removable device between Hard Disk or Removable
Disk
< d > Remove a device that is not installed.

4. Save the configurations changes and exit the BIOS Setup / CMOS
Setup Utility by pressing the [F10] and then hit [ENTER] key to 'Save
configuration changes and exit now?'.

Item Specific Help

Exit System Setup and save your changes to CMOS.

NOTE: Press [ F10 ] key to Save all the CMOS changes and Exit the
BIOS / CMOS Setup Utility.

Keyword: set computer boot sequence, change boot sequence, boot cd,
boot from cdrom, boot sequence, boot from installation media, boot
from cd, boot from cd rom, set boot sequence, bios setting, cmos
setting, change cmos setting, change bios setting, computer boot
sequence, boot installation media, boot CD-Rom.
CMOS Some RAM chips, flash memory chips, and other types of
memory chips use complementary metal-oxide semiconductor
(CMOS) technology because it provides high speeds and consumes
little power. CMOS technology uses battery power to retain
information even when the power to the computer is off.
Batterybacked CMOS memory chips, for example, can keep the
calendar, date, and time current even when the computer is off. The
flash memory chips that store a computer's startup information
often use CMOS technology.
Self Check 1.1.1-5
Instruction: Arrange the steps in entering BIOS Set-up
Configuration. Based on Column A that is rumbled and arrange
it on Column B.

Column A Column B
From the boot up screen message,
press [F2] key to enter the setup
program.

Press [ F10 ] key to Save all the

CMOS changes and Exit the BIOS /
CMOS Setup Utility.

Save the configurations changes and

exit the BIOS Setup / CMOS Setup
Utility by pressing the [F10] and then
hit [ENTER] key to 'Save
configuration changes and exit now?'.

Then go to the Boot Option tab then

change the Boot sequence to CD-
ROM drive as the first boot device.

When the computer power on, black

screen appear on you monitor, wait
until the message appears briefly at
the bottom of the screen.

ANSWER KEY 1.1.1

10 Occupation health and Safety (OHS) policies and procedures in CHS

1. Avoid direct contact with electricity

2. Secure/check and prepare the materials and workplace.

3. Apply ESD (Electro Static Discharge).

4. Apply 5’s (Sort – Set in Order – Shine – Standardized - Sustain)

5. Use anti-static protection.

6. Work on dry clean areas.

7. Keep food and drinks out of the work area.
8. Make sure that the power is off and the power plug has been
removed
9. When you shut down your computer, be sure to shut it down
properly.  Do not turn it off with the case switch
10. Cover sharp edges with tape when working inside the computer
case

ANSWER KEY
SELF CHECK 1.2 SELF CHECK 1.3

1. Monitor 1. Anti-static wrist strap

2. Video card 2. Screwdriver

3. Hard Disk 3. Flashlight

4. Mother Board 4. Lint-free cloth

5. Processor 5. Multi Tester

6. Memory/ RAM 6. Part Retriever

7. Keyboard 7. Compressed Air

8. Mouse 8. Loop Back Adapter

9. Printer 9. Anti-static Mat

10. Scanner 10. Tweezers

Answer Key 1.1.4

B. Personal Computer Disassembly C.Personal Computer
Assembly
1. 7 1. 7
2. 5 2. 8
3. 2 3. 9
4. 8 4. 5
5. 6 5. 10
6. 4 6. 3
7. 3 7. 4
8. 1 8. 6
9. 2

10. 1

Answer Key 1.1.5

Column A Column B
From the boot up screen message, When the computer power on,
press [F2] key to enter the setup black screen appear on you
program. monitor, wait until the
message appears briefly at the
bottom of the screen.
Press [ F10 ] key to Save all the From the boot up screen
CMOS changes and Exit the BIOS / message, press [F2] key to
CMOS Setup Utility. enter the setup program.

Save the configurations changes and Then go to the Boot Option tab

exit the BIOS Setup / CMOS Setup then change the Boot
Utility by pressing the [F10] and sequence to CD-ROM drive as
then hit [ENTER] key to 'Save the first boot device.
configuration changes and exit
now?'.

Then go to the Boot Option tab then Save the configurations

change the Boot sequence to CD- changes and exit the BIOS
ROM drive as the first boot device. Setup / CMOS Setup Utility by
pressing the [F10] and then hit
[ENTER] key to 'Save
configuration changes and exit
 now?'.

When the computer power on, black Press [ F10 ] key to Save all the
screen appear on you monitor, wait CMOS changes and Exit the
until the message appears briefly at BIOS / CMOS Setup Utility.
the bottom of the screen.
Lesson 1.2: Prepare Installer
 Create portable bootable devices in accordance with software
manufacturer instruction

 Prepare customized installers in accordance with software

utilization guide and end user agreement

 Carry out installation of portable applications in accordance

with software user guide and software license

DEFINITION OF TECHNICAL TERMS

DVD. A type of compact disc able to store large amounts of data,
especially high-resolution audiovisual material.

Flash drive. A small external flash drive that can be used with
any computer that has a USB port.

BIOS. A set of computer instructions in firmware which control

input and output operations.

.Exe.

.Zip.
LESSON INFORMATION 1.2.1
 Installers preparation and OS installation procedures
 Application and devices/drivers installation procedures
 Desktop PC interface/ hook up procedures
 Application packages and use of application programs
 Bootable devices - -CD/DVD bootable - -USB bootable using
Rufus software - -USB bootable using diskpart/CMD
 Software installers
Installers preparation and OS installation procedures

Installers preparation
1. CD/DVD
2. USB Flash drive

OS installation procedures

For Windows Microsoft OS

1. Insert the installation disk or flash drive.
To install a new operating system on Windows, you must have the
operating system’s install tool on a DVD or flash drive, and the disk or
flash drive must be inserted into your computer. If you don’t have a
version of the operating systems you want to download, you can
download one of the following operating systems:

2. Restart your computer.

Press and hold your computer’s power button to turn it off, wait for a
few seconds, and then press the power button again to turn the
computer back on.

3. Wait for the computer’s first startup screen to appear.

Once the startup screen appears, you’ll have a very limited window in
which you can press the setup key.
Note: It’s best to start pressing the setup key as soon as the
computer begins to restart.

4. Press and hold Del, Esc, F2, F9, and F12 to enter the BIOS
page.
The key you’re prompted to press might also be the different; if so, use
that key instead. This will load your computer’s BIOS page, from
which point you can select your installation disk or drive.
Note: You’ll typically use the “F” keys to access the BIOS. These
are at the top of your keyboard, though you may have to locate and
hold the Fn key while pressing the proper “F” key.
Note: You can look at your computer model’s manual or online
support page to confirm your computer’s BIOS key.
5. Locate the “Boot Order” section.
This section is normally on the main page of the BIOS, though you
may need to use the arrow keys to navigate over to the “Boot” or
“Advanced” tab.
Note: The “Boot Order” section varies from BIOS to BIOS. If you
can’t find your BIOS’ “Boot Order” page, consult your motherboard’s
manual or look up your computer model online to find direct
instruction for your specific BIOS page.

6. Select the location from which you want to start your

computer.
In this case, you’ll be starting your computer either from the disk
drive or from and an external drive, such as a flash drive.
Note: The disk drive option is usually labeled CD-ROM Drive,
while external drives will show up as Removable Devices.

7. Move your selected location to the top of the list.

Typically, you’ll press the + key with the boot location you want to use
selected until it’s at the top of the “Boot Order” list.
Note: You can double-check the key that you’re supposed to use
in the legend that’s usually on the right side or the bottom of the BIOS
page.

8. Save your settings and exit the BIOS.

There should be a “Save and Exit” key listed in the BIOS’ key legend;
press the key listed there to save your settings and exit the BIOS.
Note: You may have to confirm this decision by pressing Enter
with Yes selected.

9. Restart your computer.

Once your computer begins to start up again, it will select your disk
or flash drive as the boot location, which means that it will begin
installing the operating system.

10. Follow the on-screen prompts.

Each operating system will have different steps to take when installing
it, so just follow the on-screen directions to complete the installation.

For MAC OS
1. Restart your Mac.
Press and hold your Mac’s Power button until the computer turns off,
then press the Power button again to turn your Mac on.
Note: If you Mac is already off, just press the Power button to
turn it on.
Note: You will need Internet access to perform this process on
your Mac.
2. Hold down Command, Option, and R at the same time.
You’ll need to start doing this before the Mac start-up sound plays.
3. Release the keys when you see the globe icon.
Once the image of a spinning globe and the words “Starting Internet
Recovery. This may take a while” appear, release the keys.
Note: You may be prompted to select a wireless network and
enter the network’s password before continuing.

4. Wait for you Mac’s operating system to download.

This can take anywhere from a few minutes to a few hours depending
on your Internet connection and the operating system itself.
Note: Your Mac will download the operating system that came
installed on it. For example, if your Mac was running OS X Yosemite
when you bought it, Yosemite is the operating system that will be
installed.

5. Select an installation location.

On the operating system page, click your Mac’s disk drive icon, which
is a grey box in the middle of the page.

6. Click Install.
It’s in the bottom- right corner of the page.

7. Wait for the operating system to install.

Again, this can take several minutes to several hours depending on
you Mac and the operating system. Once the installation is complete,
you Mac will restart into your new operating system.

SELF-CHECK 1.2.1
Choose the correct answer to the question. Write only the letter of the
answer on your answer sheet.

1. The software that supports a computer’s basic functions, such as

scheduling task, executing applications, and controlling
peripherals.
a.Device Drivers
b.Operating System
c.Installer
d.Application

2. An open-source operating system modelled on UNIX

a. Linux
b. Microsoft Windows
c. Apple MacOS
d. Android

3. Is a group of several graphical operating system families, all of

which are developed, marketed, and sold by Microsoft.
a. Linux
b. Microsoft Windows
c. Apple MacOS
 d. Android

3. Is the computer operating system for Apple Computer’s Macintosh

line of personal computers and workstations.
a. Linux
b. Microsoft Windows
c. Apple MacOS
d. Android

Electronics
Electronics Application and devices/drivers installation procedures

Application and devices - A software designed to perform a group

of coordinated functions, task or activities for the benefit of the user.
 Microsoft Office
 Web browser

SELF-CHECK 1.2.2
Choose the correct answer to the question. Write only the letter of the
answer on your answer sheet.

1. A software designed to perform a group of coordinated functions,

task or activities for the benefit of the user.
a. Operating System
b. Installer
c. Application Software
d. Device Drivers

Device Driver’s - In computing, it is a computer program that

operates or controls a particular type of device that is attached to
computer.

The downloaded driver file will be an executable file (File

name ends in “.exe”.) or a zip file (File name ends in “.zip”.).

For executable file, to install the driver, you just need to

double-click on the file and follow the on-screen
instructions.

For zip file, you need to unzip it and find the executable file
in the archive. If you cannot find an executable file, you
need to install the driver step by step using the “.inf” file.
Following steps are for your reference how to install the
driver in this way.
Desktop PC interface/ hook up procedures

Application packages and use of application programs

Bootable devices
CD/DVD bootable using CMD

1. Click Start>All programs>Microsoft Windos AIK> CMD. Run as

administrator.

2. Type oscdimg -n -m -b”C:Win7 7048 ENDVD Bootable

Toolsx64_Bootetfsboot.com” and press Enter. Type the path where the
boot image file is placed by you in the quotes.

3. Type C:Win7_7048_Enx64fre and press Enter. That’s where all

Windows files are placed.

4. Type C:Win7_7048_EN_ISOWin7_7084_x64_EN.iso and press

Enter. The place you save the ISO file.

5. Type exit to leave the command prompt.

Alternatively, you could type C:\>oscdimg

-bd:\win7dvd\boot\etfsboot.com -u2 -h -m -lWin_En_DVD
d:\win7dvd\dwin&.iso too make the bootable DVD Directly.

To help you understand, here

“C:\>” is the command prompt drive;

“-b” is for making it bootable;

“d:win7dvd” is the folder where you copied entire DVD of Windows 7;

“boot\etfsboot.com” is a folder inside windows 7 DVD;

“-u2” and “-m” are needed for large files;

“Win_En_DVD” is the name given to DVD;

“d:win7dvd” is of the same meaning of described before;

“d:win7.iso” is the destination name of DVD with ISO extension

USB bootable using Rufus software

USB bootable using disk part/CMD

1. Insert a USB flash drive into a running computer.

2. Open a Command Prompt window as an administrator.

3. Type diskpart.

4. In the new command line window that opens, to determine the USB
flash drive number or drive letter, at the command prompt, type list
disk, and then click Enter. The list disk command displays all the
disks on the computer.

Note the drive number or drive letter of the USB flash drive.

5. At the command prompt, type select disk <X>, where X is the drive
number or drive letter of the USB flash drive, and then click ENTER.

6. Type clean, and then click ENTER.

7. Type create pri

8. Type select part pri 1

9. To format the partition, type format fs=ntfs quick, and then click
ENTER.

Note: If your server platform supports Unified Extensible Firmware

Interface (UEFI) you should format the USB flash drive as FAT32
rather than as NTFS. To format the partition as FAT32, type format
fs=fat32 quick, and then click ENTER.

10. Type active, and then click ENTER.

11. Type exit, and then click ENTER.

12. When you finish preparing your custom image, save it to the root
of the USB flash drive.

Software installers
LEARNING ACTIVITY 1.2.1
Perform the following on creating USB bootable device using Rufus
and CMD.
1. USB flashdrive using Rufus
2. USB flashdrive using CMD
Lesson 1.3: Install operating system and drivers
for peripherals/ devices

 3.1 Install Operating System (OS) in accordance with

established installation procedures and to comply with end-
user requirements Explain work signs, symbols, and
conventions according to the set standards

 Install peripherals/ devices in accordance with manufacturer’s

instructions and/ or OS installation procedures
 Configure peripherals/ devices in accordance with
manufacturer’s instructions and/ or OS installation procedures
 Access OS and drivers updates/ patches in accordance with
manufacturer’s recommendations and requirements
 Install OS and drivers updates/ patches in accordance with
manufacturer’s recommendations and requirements
 Check the quality of the work undertaken in accordance with
established procedures

DEFINITION OF TECHNICAL TERMS

Operating system. Is a collection of software that manages
the computer hardware and software that provides common
services for computer programs?

Multiuser. Allows the user to run two or more programs at

the same time of using the device/computer

Multiprocessing. Allows more than one program/software on

more than one Computer

Multitasking. Allows more than one program to run

simultaneously

Multithreading. Allows different parts of a program to run the

system concurrently

Communication. The sharing of information between two or

more computer system or connected to a network to reach a
common understanding.

Real time. Responds to inputs instantly

LESSON INFORMATION 1.3.1

COMPUTER CONFIGURATION SETUP

• The BIOS is accessed and configured through the BIOS Setup
Utility. The BIOS Setup Utility is, for all reasonable purposes,
the BIOS itself. All available options in BIOS are configurable
via the BIOS Setup Utility. The BIOS Setup Utility is accessed in
various ways depending on your computer or motherboard
make and model.
• BIOS access and configuration on PC systems is independent of
any operating system because the BIOS is part of the
motherboard hardware. It doesn't matter if a computer is
running Windows 7, Windows Vista, Windows XP, Linux, UNIX,
or no operating system at all - BIOS functions outside of the
operating system environment and is no way dependent upon it.

• BIOS contain a number of hardware configuration options that

can be changed through the setup utility. Saving these changes
and restarting the computer applies the changes to the BIOS
and alters the way BIOS instructs the hardware to function. The
following list shows the things you can do in most BIOS
systems:
Installation of Operating System)

Installation of windows server 2008 R2

Step 1:

After booting on the Windows 2008 installer, the Windows starting up will appear.

STEPS 2:
THE WINDOWS SETUP DIALOG BOX WHERE YOU
NEXT SCREEN IS THE CAN
CHANGE THE LANGUAGE, TIME, AND KEYBOARD FORMAT. JUST CLICK NEXT TO
PROCEED ON NEXT WINDOW.
On this window, you have the option “Repair your computer” if you
have already an existing Operating System that needs to be repaired
but since we are doing a Clean Install, we will ignore that option and
just click Install now to proceed.

Setup is Starting Window appear. Just wait until the next screen
shows.
Select the operating system you want to install. Select the Windows
Server 2008 R2 Standard X64

License Terms. On this screen, check “I accept the license terms” and
click Next.
Which type of Installation do you want?. Since we are doing clean
install, select “Custom: Install Windows only (advanced).

Where do you want to install Windows?. Here, remember the requirements of Windows
Server 2008 in hard disk drive, so in allocating disk space for drive C. make sure that it will
meet the recommended space and will have a free space for future installation of other
applications. Click New to create new partition.
After clicking the New option, enter the size of first partition or
allocation for Drive C.

Select the remaining partition and click new.

Click apply to create the remaining partition. This will create the Drive
D.

Make sure that the Windows Server 2008 will be installed on drive C.
Select the drive you allocated for drive C then click Next.
Installing Windows: This screen will appear after clicking next on
partitioning window. Just wait until the setup finish all the listed
tasks.

Installing Windows: Your computer will restart after it finish some

tasks. A problem or error will show if there is a problem on your
installer or on your drives.
Installing Windows: Your computer will restart after it finish some
tasks. A problem or error will show if there is a problem on your
installer or on your drives.

Installing Windows: When you see that the Completing installation is

the next task to be done, that is a sign that it will redirect you to
Windows Server 2008 desktop.
Setup will restart after the Installation is done.

The Windows will now load the operating system after the restart.
Setup is preparing your computer for first use. On this screen, wait
until the desktop appear.

Before logging on, Windows Server 2008 will allow you to create the
user’s password that you will use every time you log on.

After creating a password, click the right arrow button or press enter
to continue.
Click OK after changing the password.

Preparing your desktop. Just wait until the next screen appear.

Press CTRL + ALT + DELETE key to start logging on.

Type the administrator password that you created.

The Initial Configuration Tasks window will appear on the desktop.

The next thing to do is to check the drivers on device manager if
properly installed.
Installation of windows 7
Windows 7 Installation

As a technician, you must be able to know the variations or options in installing an operating
system that is compatible with the hardware requirement of a personal computer. Another
operating system available in the market now is the Windows 7 version. Now, take a tour
through the procedures in installing a Windows 7 operating system. I believe, the
procedures will be very easy for you.

1. Turn your computer on then press Del or F2 (depend on your computer’s main
board) to enter the system BIOS.

“Note” every BIOS board has their own key press to go on BIOS setup learn and
identify their KEYS (ex: del, F11, F10, ESC, ENTER)

2. Go to Boot menu and choose Boot from CD/DVD.

3. Press F10 to save the configuration and exit BIOS then reset your computer.
 4. Insert Windows 7 DVD into your DVD drive then start up your
computer, Windows 7 will be loading files.

5. Select your language, time & currency format, keyboard

or input method and click Next.

6. Click Install now.
7. Check I accept the license terms and click Next.

8. Click Upgrade if you already have a previous Windows version

or Custom (advanced) if you don’t have a previous Windows version or
want to install a fresh copy of Windows 7.

9. (Skip this step if you chose Upgrade and have only one

partition) Select the drive where you want to install Windows 7 and
click Next. If you want to make any partitions, click Drive options
(advanced), make the partitions and then click Next
10. It will now start installing Windows 7. The first step, (i.e. Copying
Windows files) was already done when you booted the Windows
7 DVD so it will complete instantly.

11. After completing the first step, it will expand (decompress) the files
that it has been copied.

12. The third and fourth step will also complete instantly like the first
step.
13. After that it will automatically restart after 15 seconds
and continue the setup. You can also click Restart now to restart
without any delays.

14. After restarting for the first time, it will continue the setup. This is the

last step so it will take the most time than the previous steps.

15. It will now automatically restart again and continue the setup.

You can click Restart now to restart without any delays.
16. Type your desired user name in the text-box and click Next. It will
automatically fill up the computer name.

17. If you want to set a password, type it in the text-boxes and

click Next.
18. Type your product key in the text-box and click Next. You can also
skip this step and simply click Next if you want to type the product
key later. Windows will run only for 30 days if you do that.

19. Select your desired option for Windows Updates

20. Select your time/time zone and click Next.

21. If you are connected to any network, it will ask you to set the
network’s location.

22. Finishing the installation and Preparing Desktop.

Device Drivers
Now that you successfully installed the operating system, you’ll
need to configure the devices such as Video Cards, Network Interface
Cards, Sound Cards, etc by installing the device drivers of each. In
many cases, if Windows recognizes the device, drivers will be installed
automatically. In some cases, generic drivers are installed so that the
devices will work properly.
Drivers are small software programs that help the operating system
use or “drive” the device. Whenever a device doesn’t work properly,
ask if the proper driver has been installed.

The procedures listed below describe how to obtain and install drivers
for hardware devices on a Microsoft Windows 2000-based computer. 

Step 1: Determine the Hardware Manufacturer

If you do not know the manufacturer of the device for which you
want to install the driver, follow these steps to determine the
manufacturer:

1. On the desktop, right-click My Computer, and then

click Manage.

2. Under System Tools, click Device Manager. The devices that are

installed on the computer are listed in the right panel.
Device Manager

3. In the right panel, expand the category of the device that you want to
configure. For example, expand Display adapters.

NOTE: The device may be listed

under other devices.
4. Right-click the device for which you want to install the driver, and
then click Properties. 

NOTE: The device may appear as Unknown device or

as a generic device.

5. Click the General tab. Make a note of the manufacturer and model

6. Click Cancel, and then quit Computer Management. 

• NOTE: If the device is not displayed in Device Manager, or
the device is listed as an "Unknown device," contact the
computer or device manufacturer to obtain more
information about the device.
Step 2: Obtain the Driver
To obtain the latest driver, use the following list of possible
sources for the driver, in the order in which they are presented. 
 Original Computer Manufacturer
If the device was installed by your computer manufacturer,
contact the manufacturer of your computer to find out how to obtain,
download, and install the latest drivers for the device.
 Device Manufacturer
Contact the manufacturer of the device to inquire about how to
obtain, download, and install the latest drivers for the device. 
 Chipset Manufacturer
Contact the chipset manufacturer of the device to find out how
to obtain, download, and install the latest drivers for the device. It is
best to first contact the manufacturer of the device for the drivers
before you contact the chipset manufacturer.
 For example, if your display adapter uses a NVIDIA chipset, first
contact the manufacturer of the display adapter. If you cannot
contact the display adapter manufacturer or if the manufacturer
does not have a driver, contact NVIDIA.

Some examples of chipset manufacturers (and their Web sites)

include:
 NVIDIA (display adapters)
 PCTEL, Inc. (modems)

Step 3: Install the Driver

• The driver files that you download from the OEM, device
manufacturer, or chipset manufacturer differ depending on how
the driver is packaged by the manufacturer.
• If the file is an executable program, run the program to extract
the files. If the file is in .zip format, you can use a third-party
utility such as WinZip to extract the files. For more information
about how to extract the driver files, see the instructions that
are provided by the manufacturer of the driver.
• The driver may use a setup program. The driver package may
contain raw driver files, or it may contain only raw driver files.
Some examples include .inf files, and .sys files. To install the
driver, use one of the following methods as appropriate to your
situation.
 Device Is Displayed in Device Manager
1. On the desktop, right-click My Computer, and then
click Manage.
2. Under System Tools, click Device Manager. The devices that are
installed on the computer are listed in the right panel.
3. Expand the category of the device that you want to configure.
For example, expand Modems. NOTE: The device may be listed
under other devices.
4. Right-click the device for which you want to install the driver,
and then click Properties. 
NOTE: The device may be displayed as Unknown device, or as a
generic device.
5. Click the Driver tab, and then click Update Driver. The Upgrade
Device Driver wizard starts.
6. Click Next.
7. Do one of the following:
– Click Search for a suitable driver for my device
(recommended), and then click Next. 
-or-
– Click Display a list of the known devices for this device so
that I can choose a specific driver, and then click Next.
Click Have Disk, click Browse, locate the .inf files that you
downloaded in Step 2: Obtain the Driver, click an .inf file, and
then click Open.
8. Follow the wizard instructions to install the driver.
9. Restart the computer.

Device Is Not Displayed in Device Manager

  Use the Add New Hardware wizard in Control Panel to install
drivers for non-Plug and Play devices. You may have to use this
method to install certain modems, serial ports, or printer ports.
1. Click Start, point to Settings, and then click Control Panel.
2. Double-click Add/Remove Hardware.
3. Click Next.
4. Click Add/Troubleshoot a device, and then click Next.
5. Do one of the following:
– Click Yes, search for new hardware, and then click Next. 
-or-
– Click No, I want to select the hardware from a list, and then
click Next.
6. Follow the wizard instructions to install the driver.
7. Restart the computer.
TESTING INSTALLED EQUIPMENT / DEVICES
(COMPONENTS)
As computer technician you will need a good understanding of
the health and safety regulations from early on in your career, so that
you understand the good practices demanded by law. In particular,
you need to:
• report any accidents
• take reasonable care of your own health and safety when
moving heavy components
• not cause any electrical hazards
• make sure that workstations meet safety requirements.
You need to adhere to health and safety regulations as they will help
to protect you and others and will avoid any unnecessary legal action
for reckless and unsafe working practices. If you identify any health
and safety problems, you should tell your line manager or the health
and safety representative immediately.
The most basic test is to switch the system on to check it starts
without errors. ICT professionals are also likely to use tools and
utilities to check that all is well with the system after an installation.

The Use of Diagnostic Tools in testing installed hardware components

and other peripherals
 Diagnostic tools are used to test and diagnose equipment.
Diagnostic tools include the following:
 Digital multimeter is a device that can take many types of
measurements. It tests the integrity of circuits and the quality of
electricity in computer components. A digital multimeter
displays the information on an LCD or LED.
 A loopback adapter, also called a loopback plug, tests the
basic functionality of computer ports. The adapter is specific to
the port that you want to test.

 The toner probe, is a two-part tool. The toner part is connected

to a cable at one end using specific adapters, such as an RJ-45,
coaxial, or metal clips. The toner generates a tone that travels
the length of the cable. The probe part traces the cable. When
 the probe is in near proximity to the cable to which the toner is
attached, the tone can be heard through a speaker in the probe.

Windows

To update your Windows 7, 8, 8.1, and 10 Operating System:

1. Open Windows Update by clicking the Start button in the lower

left corner. In the search box, type Update, and then, in the list
of results, click either Windows Update or Check for updates.
2. Click the Check for updates button and then wait while
Windows looks for the latest updates for your computer.

3. If you see a message telling you that important updates are

available, or telling you to review important updates, click the
message to view and select the important updates to install.

4. In the list, click the important updates for more information.

Select the check boxes for any updates that you want to install,
and then click OK.

5. Click Install updates.

Note: It is important that you do not shut your computer off or

allow it to run out of battery during the update process. Doing so
can cause a corruption of the operating system, which can often only
be fixed by reformatting the computer. 

For information on Microsoft Windows Automatic Updates,

visit Microsoft's Update site.
SELF-CHECK 1.3.1
Choose the correct answer to the question. Write only the letter of the
answer on your answer sheet.

POST-ASSESSMENT
Let us determine how much you already know about installing of
Operating system and software driver devices. Read and analyze each
statement carefully. Choose the best answer and write only the letter
of your answer on your answer sheet.

1. What is GUI ?
A. type of virus
B. Good universal indicator
C. There is no such a thing
D. Graphical user interface
2. What software is always running as long as your operating
system is on.
A. A web browser

B. A word processor

C. An operating system

D. None of the above

3. Which of the following is not an operating system?

a. Unix

b. Linux

c. Firefox

d. Windows

4. What do we call an operating system where a user can run

multiple application at the same time?
a. Multiapplication

b. Multiuser

c. Multiprocess

d. Multitask

5. Which of the following is not an application?

a. Photoshop
 b. Excel

c. Super Mario
d. Android
6. Which type of installation gives you a choice where to install
Windows?
a. Custom (advanced)

b. Network

c. Upgrade

d. Typical

7. During installation which of the following might the computer

do several times?
a. Fall off the desk

b. Crash

c. Show the blue screen of death

d. Reboot

8. When installing Windows Server 2008 64bit what is the

minimum amount of RAM required?  
a. 512MB

b. 128MB

c. 64MB

d. 10KB

9. What version of Windows introduced the Active Directory

Service?  
A. Windows 98
B. Windows 2000
C. CP/M
D. Windows 3.11
10. Which type of installation will keep your files, settings and
programs?
a. Upgrade

b. Custom (advanced)

c. Network

d. Typical
LEARNING ACTIVITY 1.3.1
Draw the symbol of the following components on your answer sheet.
3. Prepare the Computer System and software for windows
installation
4. Individual Windows 7 and windows server 2008 r2
5. Installation of software driver
6. Checking the functionality of the windows OS installed
Lesson 1.4: Install application software
 Install Application Software based on software installation
guides, end-user requirements and software license
agreement

 Access software updates in accordance with manufacturer’s

recommendations and requirements
 Install software updates in accordance with manufacturer’s
recommendations and requirements
LESSON INFORMATION 1.4.1
Removing viruses from infected machines

Computer Virus

 A virus is a destructive executable program that

infects the other programs in the system and
spreads by replicating itself.
 Such a program is designed to damage the victim’s
computer files.

 Viruses are coded by malicious programmers in a way that they

can spread in the system without one's permission and
knowledge.

Different Aspects of Computer Virus

Finder- searches for the new uninfected files and the

Replicator- actually targets these files and infects it by multiplying

itself.

How doVirus Affects a System?

 It corrupts files
 It slows down the speed of the computer system

 It causes the system to hang frequently

 It deletes various files

Sources of Virus Infection

A virus can enter the system and infect it through various sources.
Some of the sources are

 Infected CDs, DVDs, pen drives, etc

 E-mail

 Browsing infected sites

 Downloading files from the internet

Steps to Remove Viruses

Removing viruses, though technical, is yet a very simple process if all

the required steps are properly followed.
The basic steps are:

 Buy or download an antivirus software

 Install the antivirus software

 Update antivirus software with the latest virus definitions

 Do a complete system scan

Methods of Eliminating Viruses

Removing the virus – When the virus can be easily identified and can
be removed without affecting other files, then the antivirus removes it
from the host place.

Quarantine – This is done when the virus cannot be easily identified

removed from the file and the removal of virus means the removal of
the complete file. In this method, although the virus is not eliminated,
it is rendered inactive by moving the file into "quarantine" and
renaming it.

Types of viruses and Examples

Boot viruses: These viruses infect floppy disk boot records or master
boot records in hard disks. They replace the boot record program
(which is responsible for loading the operating system in memory)
copying it elsewhere on the disk or overwriting it. Boot viruses load
into memory if the computer tries to read the disk while it is booting.

Examples: Form, Disk Killer, Michelangelo, and Stone virus

Program viruses: These infect executable program files, such as those

with extensions like .BIN, .COM, .EXE, .OVL, .DRV (driver) and .SYS
(device driver). These programs are loaded in memory during
execution, taking the virus with them. The virus becomes active in
memory, making copies of itself and infecting files on disk.

Examples: Sunday, Cascade

Multipartite viruses: A hybrid of Boot and Program viruses. They

infect program files and when the infected program is executed, these
viruses infect the boot record.

Examples: Invader, Flip, and Tequila

Stealth viruses: These viruses use certain techniques to avoid

detection. They may either redirect the disk head to read another
sector instead of the one in which they reside or they may alter the
reading of the infected file’s size shown in the directory listing. size
given in the directory.

Examples: Frodo, Joshi, Whale

Polymorphic viruses: A virus that can encrypt its code in different

ways so that it appears differently in each infection. These viruses are
more difficult to detect.
Examples: Involuntary, Stimulate, Cascade, Phoenix, Evil, Proud,
Virus 101

Macro Viruses: A macro virus is a new type of computer virus that

infects the macros within a document or template. When you open a
word processing or spreadsheet document, the macro virus is
activated and it infects the Normal template.
Examples: DMV, Nuclear, Word Concept.

Antivirus Software

Software designed to cure virus infected machines. An antivirus is a

program that searches for, identifies and removes potential viruses
existing in the computer system

Examples of Anti-virus software

 Symantec Norton antivirus

 AVG antivirus

 McAfee Scan

 Microsoft Antivirus
 OPERATION SHEET 2.1

Virus removal

Equipment and Materials:

Equipment

System unit

Monitor

Keyboard and Mouse

Materials

Anti-virus Software (AVG anti-virus)

Virus removal

Provided with the necessary equipment and materials

troubleshoot the virus infected area.

You will be assessed using the following criteria

Evaluation:

CRITERIA Rating

1.Periodic maintenance is observed 20%

2. Observance of safety precautions. 20%

3. Appropriate materials are used virus removal. 30%

4. Confirmation of computers normal function . 30%

 100%

Lesson 1.5: Burning or testing installed

equipment/devices

After reading all the required topics and performing the essential skills
you must be able to:

 Test devices/ systems and/or installation to determine whether

it conforms to requirements
 Test devices, systems and/or installation to determine its
conformity with the requirements;
 Undertake final inspections on the installed devices, systems to
ensure conformity with the requirements.
 Accomplish technical reports on the tests conducted; and

Follow procedures in forwarding documentation to appropriate

personnel and/or authority on the test conducted.

DEFINITION OF TECHNICAL TERMS

1. Disk Management Tool - initializes disks, creates
partitions, and formats partitions. 
2. Disk Cleanup - clears space on a hard drive by searching
for files that can be safely deleted.
3. System File Checker (SFC) - A command-line tool that
scans the operating system critical files and replaces files
that are corrupted. 
4. Defrag - Optimizes space on a hard drive to allow faster
access to programs and data.
5. FDISK - A command-line tool that creates and deletes
partitions on a hard drive. The FDISK tool is not available
in Windows XP, Vista, or 7.
LESSON INFORMATION 1.5.1
As computer technician you will need a good understanding of the
health and safety regulations from early on in your career, so that you
understand the good practices demanded by law. 

In particular, you need to:

 report any accidents
 take reasonable care of your own health and safety when
moving heavy components
 not cause any electrical hazards
 make sure that workstations meet safety requirements. 
 not cause any electrical hazards
 make sure that workstations meet safety requirements.

You need to adhere to health and safety regulations as they

will help to protect you and others and will avoid any unnecessary
legal action for reckless and unsafe working practices.
 If you identify any health and safety problems, you should tell
your line manager or the health and safety representative
immediately 
The most basic test is to switch the system on to check it
starts without errors. ICT professionals are also likely to use tools and
utilities to check that all is well with the system after an installation. 

A. Diagnostic Tools
Hardware Tools
- are used to test and diagnose equipment. 

1. Digital multi-meter - is a device that can take many types of

measurements. It tests the integrity of circuits and the quality of
electricity in computer components. A digital multi-meter
displays the information on an LCD or LED. 
2.  A loopback adapter - also called a loopback plug, tests the
basic functionality of computer ports. The adapter is specific to
the port that you want to test. 
 3. The toner probe - is a two-part tool. The toner part is
connected to a cable at one end using specific adapters, such as
an RJ-45, coaxial, or metal clips. The toner generates a tone
that travels the length of the cable. The probe part traces the
cable. When the probe is in near proximity to the cable to which
the toner is attached, the tone can be heard through a speaker
in the probe. 
Software tools
Like hardware tools, there are a variety of software tools that
can be used to help technicians pinpoint and troubleshoot problems.
Many of these tools are free and several come with the Windows
operating system.
Software tools help diagnose computer and network problems
and determine which computer device is not functioning correctly. A
technician must be able to use a range of software tools to diagnose
problems, maintain hardware, and protect the data stored on a
computer. 

The following are some disk management tools:

1. FDISK - A command-line tool that creates and deletes partitions
on a hard drive. The FDISK tool is not available in Windows XP,
Vista, or 7. It has been replaced with the Disk Management tool.
2. Disk Management Tool - Initializes disks, creates partitions,
and formats partitions. 
3. Format - Prepares a hard drive to store information.
4. ScanDisk or CHKDSK - Checks the integrity of files and folders
on a hard drive by scanning the file system. These tools might
also check the disk surface for physical errors.
5. Disk Cleanup - Clears space on a hard drive by searching for
files that can be safely deleted.
6. System File Checker (SFC) - A command-line tool that scans
the operating system critical files and replaces files that are
corrupted. 
7. Defrag - Optimizes space on a hard drive to allow faster access
to programs and data.

B. TEST PROCEDURES
A test procedure is a set of steps to guide you through what
needs to be done to thoroughly test the installation. It is designed to
help you work more effectively and to make sure you test everything
that needs testing. 

Test procedures are as follows:

 1. Gathering test information. The first step is to run the tests
required by the procedure and find out what happens. You
should record all the results of your tests in a log so that you
know which pass and which fail, thereby requiring further
action.
2. Validating the test information. The next step is to check the
data you gathered from the tests to make sure it is correct. This
is usually done by running the tests again. 
3. Responding to test information. This step is important
because you need to be able to recognize when a test shows
problems or is successful. For example, if ping is used to test a
network connection then ‘Request timed out’ shows the test was
not successful. 
4. Checking specification. The final step is an important end to
testing. You need to check the specification for the installation
to make sure that it has been met. For example, if a user
requested an upgrade to make their display run at 1920 x 1200,
then the ICT professional should check that the graphics card
and screen can do this. 

C. EXTERNAL VISUAL INSPECTION

The external visual inspection consists of a quick inspection of

the exterior of the computer, the monitor, the keyboard, any
peripherals, and cables. While performing the visual inspection, make
any necessary corrections. 

To perform the external visual inspection, perform the

following steps:

1. Turn off the computer, the monitor, and all peripherals.

2. Verify that all power cables are properly connected to the
computer, the monitor and peripherals, and their power
sources.
3. Verify that the keyboard and mouse interface cables are firmly
attached to the proper connectors on the back of the computer.
4. Verify that network cables (if present) are properly attached. 
5. Verify that any devices attached to the serial and parallel port
connectors are properly connected.
6. Verify that the video interface cable is firmly attached to the
video connector on the back panel or to a video expansion card,
and also to the connector on the back of the monitor.
 7. Inspect the keyboard to ensure that no keys are sticking. If one
or more keys are sticking, it may be necessary to replace the
keyboard.
8. Inspect the exterior of the computer, including all controls and
indicators, and all user-accessible data storage devices for any
signs of physical damage. 

Does the inspection reveal any problems?

 If Yes, Proceed to the appropriate procedure in "Removing and
Replacing Parts.
 If No, Proceed to "Observing the Boot Routine."

D. OBSERVING THE BOOT ROUTINE

After you have performed an external visual inspection as

described in the previous section, you should boot the system and,
while the boot routine is running, observe the system for any
indications of problems.

Note: Most of the steps in this procedure require observation of

system functions and indications, some of which can occur
simultaneously. It may be necessary to reboot the system several
times to complete all of these steps. 

To observe problem indications during the boot routine, perform the

following steps:

1. If the system is off, turn on all peripherals and the computer. 

2. Check the power supply fan. Does the fan run normally?
 Yes. Proceed to step 3.
 No. Troubleshoot the system power supply.
3. Watch the <NumLock>, <Caps Lock>, and <Scroll Lock>
indicators on the upper-right corner of the keyboard. After all
three indicators flash momentarily, and following a long pause
(approximately 30 seconds), the NumLock indicator should light
up and remain on (unless the NumLock option is set to Off in
the System Setup program).
Do these indicators flash on and off within approximately 10
seconds after the boot routine starts?
o Yes. Proceed to step 4 
o No. Troubleshoot the system power supply. If the
troubleshooting procedure indicates that the system power
supply is operational, troubleshoot the memory 
 4. During the boot routine, observe the system for any of the
following indications:
 Beep codes - A beep code is a series of beeps that
indicates an error condition 
 System error messages - these messages can indicate
problems or provide status information 
 Diskette - drive and hard-disk drive access indicators —
These indicators light up in response to data being
transferred to or from the drives. If either of these
indicators fails to light up during the boot routine,
troubleshoot the diskette drive or harddisk drive
subsystem, as appropriate.
5. Observe the monitor screen for the Diagnostics menu. 

E. INTERNAL VISUAL INSPECTION:

NOTICE: Before you proceed with the internal visual inspection

described in this section, ensure that the user has saved all open files
and exited all open application programs if possible.
A simple visual inspection of a computer’s interior hardware
can often lead to the source of a problem, such as a loose expansion
card, cable connector, or mounting screw.

To perform the internal visual inspection, perform the following steps:

1. Turn off the system, including any attached peripherals, and

disconnect all the AC power cables from electrical outlets.

CAUTION: Before beginning to work inside the computer,

disconnect the power supply from the power source and the
power supply cables from the motherboard

2. Remove the computer’s right side cover.

CAUTION: The heat sink assembly can get extremely hot during
system operations. Be sure that it has sufficient time to cool
before touching it. When handling the heat sink, be careful to
touch the sharp edges.

3. Verify that the chips, expansion cards, and heat sink assembly
or assemblies are fully seated in their sockets or connectors.
4. Verify that all jumpers are set correctly.
5. Check all cable connectors inside the computer to verify that
they are firmly attached to their appropriate connectors.
6. Reinstall the computer cover.
7. Reconnect the computer and any attached peripherals to their
power sources, and turn them on. 
SELF-CHECK 1.5.1
Enumerate the following:

1. Write the three diagnostic tools.

________________________________

________________________________

________________________________

2. Write the different software tools in diagnosing different problems in

computer system.

________________________________

________________________________

________________________________

________________________________

________________________________

________________________________

________________________________
LEARNING ACTIVITY 1.5.1
Perform the following disk management tools. (Choose at least two)

1. FDISK
2. Disk Management Tool
3. Format
4. ScanDisk or CHKDSK
5. Disk Cleanup
6. System File Checker (SFC)
7. Defrag
POST-ASSESSMENT
Let us determine how much you already know about burning or
testing installed equipment/devices. Read and analyze each statement
carefully. Write your answer after each number.

1. A command-line tool that creates and deletes partitions on a

hard drive. __________________________
2. A device that can take many types of measurements, test the
integrity of circuits and the quality of electricity in computer
components._________________________
3. A disk management tool that prepares a hard drive to store
information._________________________
4. A device tests the basic functionality of computer ports and is
specific to the port that you want to test. _____________________
5. A set of steps to guide you through what needs to be done to
thoroughly test the installation. _______________________
6. A tool that replaced fdisk. It initializes disks, creates partitions,
and formats partitions. _____________________
7. A command-line tool that scans the operating system critical
files and replaces files that are corrupted. ____________________
8. A diagnostic tool that checks the integrity of files and folders on
a hard drive by scanning the file system. This tool might also
check the disk surface for physical errors. ____________________
9. A software tool that clears space on a hard drive by searching
for files that can be safely deleted. ______________________
10.  This tool optimizes space on a hard drive to allow faster
access to programs and data. ______________________
 Refer to the Answer Key.
ANSWER KEY
Area of Specialization: COMPUTER SYSTEMS SERVICING NC II

Module Title:

Preassessment Self-Check 1.5.1 Post-assessment

1. fdisk
2. digital multimeter
1. C 1. Digital multi-meter
3. format
2. A 2. Loopback adapter 4. loopback adapter
5. test procedure
3. A 3. Toner probe 6. disk management
4. C 4. FDISK tool
7. system file checker
5. D 5. DISK MANAGEMENT (SFC)
8. scandisk or CHKDSK
TOOLS
9. disk cleanup
6. Format 10. defrag

7. Scandisk or CHKDSK

8. Disk Cleanup

9. System File Checker

10.Defrag
POST-ASSESSMENT
Let us determine how much you already know about preparing
installer. Read and analyze each statement carefully. Choose the best
answer and write only the letter of your answer on your answer sheet.

1. A piece of software that installs a program on a computer’s hard

disk.
e. Installer
f. Operating System
g. Bootable Device
h. Device Drivers

2. The software that supports a computer’s basic functions, such as

scheduling task, executing applications, and controlling
peripherals.
e.Device Drivers
f.Operating System
g.Installer
h.Application

3. A software designed to perform a group of coordinated functions,

task or activities for the benefit of the user.
e. Operating System
f. Installer
g. Application Software
h. Device Drivers

4. In computing, a device driver is a computer program that operates

or controls a particular type of device that is attached to computer.
a. Application Software
b. Operating System
c. Installer
c. Device Driver
REFERENCES

https://www.slideshare.net/ynlcadapan/ict-9-module-3-lesson-3-
conducting-test-on-the-installed-computer-system

https://www.slideshare.net/espinorachel/conducting-test-on-the-
installed-computer-system

https://kb.iu.edu/d/aoru

https://www.cisco.com/c/en_ph/solutions/small-business/resource-
center/networking/wireless-network.html

https://www.dummies.com/computers/operating-systems/windows-
7/how-to-enable-the-windows-7-firewall/

http://www.informit.com/articles/article.aspx?
p=1151312&seqNum=6