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Examples and Solutions

This document contains 10 problems related to antennas and wave propagation. The problems cover topics like power density and radiated power calculations, beam solid angle and directivity calculations for different radiation intensity patterns, polarization characteristics of plane waves, and directivity calculations using exact and approximate methods. Students are advised to solve the problems and understand the concepts. Good luck is wished for their exam.

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desai vijayendra
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
259 views

Examples and Solutions

This document contains 10 problems related to antennas and wave propagation. The problems cover topics like power density and radiated power calculations, beam solid angle and directivity calculations for different radiation intensity patterns, polarization characteristics of plane waves, and directivity calculations using exact and approximate methods. Students are advised to solve the problems and understand the concepts. Good luck is wished for their exam.

Uploaded by

desai vijayendra
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CKPCET Antennas &Wave Propagation EC DEPT.

3RD YEAR
Faculty of Engineering
2019-20
SURAT
--------------------------------------------------------------

1. A hypothetical isotropic antenna is radiating in free-space. At a distance


of 100 m from the antenna, the total electric field (Eθ) is measured to be
5 V/m. Find the
(a) Power density (Wrad)
(b) Power radiated (Prad)

2. The power radiated by a lossless antenna is 10 watts. The directional


characteristics of the antenna are represented by the radiation intensity
of
U=Bocos3θ (watts/unit solid angle) (0≤θ≤π/2, 0≤φ≤2π)
Find the
(a) Maximum power density (in watts/square meter) at a distance of
1,000 m (assume far-field distance). Specify the angle where this occurs.
(b) Exact and approximate beam solid angle ΩA.
(c) Directivity, exact and approximate, of the antenna (dimensionless
and in dB).
(d) Gain, exact and approximate, of the antenna (dimensionless and in
dB).

Dr. Vijayendra Desai


CKPCET Antennas &Wave Propagation EC DEPT.
3RD YEAR
Faculty of Engineering
2019-20
SURAT
--------------------------------------------------------------

3. In target-search ground-mapping radars it is desirable to have echo


power received from a target, of constant cross section, to be
independent of its range. For one such application, the desirable
radiation intensity of the antenna is given by

Find the directivity (in dB) using the exact formula.

Dr. Vijayendra Desai


CKPCET Antennas &Wave Propagation ELECTRONICS AND
Faculty of Engineering COMM Eng. Dept.
3RD YEAR
SURAT
2019-20
--------------------------------------------------------------

4. The normalized radiation intensity of a given antenna is given by


(a) U=sinθsinφ, (b) U=sinθsin2φ, (C) U=sin2θsin3φ
The intensity exists only in the 0≤θ≤π, 0≤φ≤π region, and it is zero
elsewhere. Find the
(a) Exact directivity (dimensionless and in dB).
(b) Azimuthal and elevation plane half-power beam widths (in degrees).

Dr. Vijayendra Desai


CKPCET Antennas &Wave Propagation ELECTRONICS AND
Faculty of Engineering COMM Eng. Dept.
3RD YEAR
SURAT
2019-20
--------------------------------------------------------------

(C)

5. Find the directivity (dimensionless and in dB) for the antenna of


Problem 4 using Kraus’ approximate formula.
(a)

(b)
(c)

6. The normalized radiation intensity of an antenna is rotationally


symmetric in φ, and it is represented by

Dr. Vijayendra Desai


CKPCET Antennas &Wave Propagation ELECTRONICS AND
Faculty of Engineering COMM Eng. Dept.
3RD YEAR
SURAT
2019-20
--------------------------------------------------------------

(a) What is the directivity (above isotropic) of the antenna (in dB)?

7. The radiation intensity of an antenna is given by


U(θ,φ)=cos4θsin2φ , for 0≤θ≤π/2and0≤φ≤2π(i.e., inthe upper half-
space). It is zero in the lower half-space.
Find the
(a) Exact directivity (dimensionless and in dB)
(b) Elevation plane half-power beam width (in degrees).

Dr. Vijayendra Desai


CKPCET Antennas &Wave Propagation ELECTRONICS AND
Faculty of Engineering COMM Eng. Dept.
3RD YEAR
SURAT
2019-20
--------------------------------------------------------------

8. The far-zone electric-field intensity (array factor) of an end-fire two-


element array antenna, placed along the z-axis and radiating into free-
space, is given by

Find the directivity using Kraus’ approximate formula

9. The normalized far-zone field pattern of an antenna is given by

Find the directivity using


Dr. Vijayendra Desai
CKPCET Antennas &Wave Propagation ELECTRONICS AND
Faculty of Engineering COMM Eng. Dept.
3RD YEAR
SURAT
2019-20
--------------------------------------------------------------
(a) The exact expression
(b) Kraus’ approximate formula

10. A uniform plane wave is traveling in the positive z-direction. Find the
polarization (linear, circular, or elliptical), sense of rotation (CW or
CCW), axial ratio (AR), and tilt angle τ (in degrees) when
(a) Ex =Ey, ∆φ=φy−φx =0
(b) Ex ≠Ey, ∆φ=φy−φx =0
(c) Ex =Ey, ∆φ=φy−φx =π/2
(d) Ex =Ey, ∆φ=φy−φx =−π/2
(e) Ex =Ey, ∆φ=φy−φx =π/4
(f) Ex =Ey, ∆φ=φy−φx =−π/4
(g) Ex =0.5Ey, ∆φ=φy−φx =π/2
(h) Ex =0.5Ey, ∆φ=φy−φx =−π/2
Inall cases, justify the answer.

Dr. Vijayendra Desai


CKPCET Antennas &Wave Propagation ELECTRONICS AND
Faculty of Engineering COMM Eng. Dept.
3RD YEAR
SURAT
2019-20
--------------------------------------------------------------

Good Luck
Dr. Vijayendra Desai

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