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Calculus 2 List of Exercises

1. The document discusses computing various improper and definite integrals using techniques like B and Γ functions, as well as line integrals and double integrals. Some examples of integrals given are computing integrals of rational functions, exponential functions, and trigonometric functions. 2. For line integrals, examples are given of computing line integrals along paths using parametrized curves, and line integrals of both the first and second kind. 3. For double integrals, examples are given of directly computing double integrals over specified domains, and using a change of variables to compute other double integrals.
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
85 views

Calculus 2 List of Exercises

1. The document discusses computing various improper and definite integrals using techniques like B and Γ functions, as well as line integrals and double integrals. Some examples of integrals given are computing integrals of rational functions, exponential functions, and trigonometric functions. 2. For line integrals, examples are given of computing line integrals along paths using parametrized curves, and line integrals of both the first and second kind. 3. For double integrals, examples are given of directly computing double integrals over specified domains, and using a change of variables to compute other double integrals.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1 Improper integral. B and Γ functions.

Integrals with
parameters.
1.1 Study the nature of the integrals and compute them (1-12):
R ∞ dx R ∞ dx
√ 2 , 5. In = 0∞ xn e−x dx,
R2 dx
R2
√dx ,
R
1. I = 0 (x−2)2
, 2. I = 1
3. I = 0 (x+1)
x−1 2 , 4. I = 0
(x +1)
R∞ 1 R∞
n ≥ 0 (compute for n = 2), 6. Ia = 0 x(ln x)a dx (a = 1,a = 2) 7. I = 0 e−ax cos(bx)dx,
R∞ R ∞ xdx R ∞ arctg(x)
a > 0, 8. I = 0 e−ax sin(bx)dx, a > 0, 9. I = 0 1+x 4 , 10.I = 1 R x2
dx, 11.I =
R ∞ arctg(x) R ∞ arctg(x) R1 1 2
1 x2 +1
dx, 12.I = 0 x√x dx, 13.I = 0 √ 3 3
x +x2 −x−1
dx, 14.I = 1 √x3 −5x12 +8x−4 dx,
R ∞ sin x
15.I = 0 x dx (Abel).

1.2 Using the functions B and Γ, compute:


R∞ R ∞ √ −x2 R∞ √ R∞ −x2
1. I = 0 x4 e−x dx, 2. I = 0 xe dx, 3. I = 0 e x dx, 4. I = 0 x2 e 2 dx, 5. I =
R ∞ m −x R1 R 1 4√ R q 1−x
x e k dx, m ∈ N, k > 0, 6. I = (ln x) 4
dx, 7. I = x 1 − x 2 dx, 8. I = 1 dx,
0 0 0 0 x
R 2 x2 R1 π/2 π/2
dx
, 11. I = 0 sin6 tdt, 12. I = 0 cos4 tdt,
R R
9. I = 0 √2−x dx, 10.I = −1/2 √ 3
2x3 −3x2 +1
R π/2 R ∞ x2 R ∞ x4
13.I = 0 sin4 t cos5 tdt, 14.I = 0 1+x 4 dx, 15.I = 0 (1+x)6
dx.

1.3 Integrals with parameters:


R∞ R∞
1. Compute F (y) = 0
e−yx sinx x dx, y ≥ 0. Prove that 0
sin x
x
dx = π2 .
R π/2 arctg(y tg x) R π/2 x
2. Compute F (y) = 0 tg x
dx, y ≥ 0. Compute 0 tg x
dx.
R∞ arctg(xy)
3. Compute F (y) = 0 x(1+x2 )
dx, y ≥ 0.
R1 arctg(xy)
4. Compute F (y) = √
0 x 1−x2
dx, y ∈ R.
R∞ 2− y
2 R∞ √
e−x
2 π
5. Compute F (y) = 0
x2 dx, y ≥ 0. Prove that 0
e−x dx = 2
.
R∞ ln(1+x2 y 2 )
6. Compute F (y) = 0 x2 (1+x2 )
dx, y ≥ 0.
R∞ e−ax −e−bx
R∞ cos(ax)−cos(bx)
7. Compute: 0 x
dx şi 0 x2
dx, where a, b > 0.
R∞
8. Compute I(a, b) = ln(a2 sin2 x + b2 cos2 x)dx, where a, b > 0
0
R1 b a R1 b a
9. Compute I(a, b) = 0 √x−−x
ln x
dx and I(a, b) = 0 x ln−xx cos(ln x)dx, where a, b > 0.
R t2 sin(tx)
10. Let F (t) = t x
dx. Compute F 0 (t).
R t2
11. Let F (t) = t
ln(t2 + x2 )dx. Compute F 0 (t).

1
2 Line integrals
2.1 Line integrals of the first kind:
R
1. Let A(0, 1), B(0, 1) şi C(1, 0). Compute ∆ABC
(x + 2y)ds.
R
2. Let A(0, 1), B(0, 1) şi O(0, 0). Compute γ (x + 2y)ds, where γ is the union of the
segment OA, the arc AB and the segment BO. Find the gravity center of γ.

3. Compute the length of the arc of the parabola y 2 = 2x with the limits O(0, 0) and
A(2, 2).
R p
4. Compute γ x2 + y 2 ds, where γ is the circle x2 − 2x + y 2 = 0.

5. Compute γ (xy − z)ds, where γ has the parametrization x = t, y = t2 , z = 32 t3 ,


R

t ∈ [0, 1].

6. Find the gravity center of γ with the parametrization x = a(t−sin t), y = a(1−cos t),
t ∈ [0, 2π].

7. Compute γ x2 +yds2 +z2 , where γ has the parametrization x = cos t, y = sin t, z = t,


R

t ∈ [0, 2π].

8. Compute γ xyzds, where γ has the parametrization x = t, y = t2 , z = 23 t3 .


R

2.2 Line integrals of the second kind:


R
1. Let A(0, 1), B(0, 1) şi C(1, 0). Compute ∆ABC
(x − y)dx + ydy.
R
2. Let A(0, 1), B(0, 1) şi O(0, 0). Compute γ dx + xydy, where γ is the union of the
segment OA, the arc AB and the segment BO.
R
3. Compute C(O,2) y 2 dx + xdy, where C(O, 2) is the circle of radius 2 with the center
in the origin.

4. Compute C(O,r) xx−y x+y


R
2 +y 2 dx + x2 +y 2 dy, where C(O, r) is the circle of radius r with the

center in the origin.

5. Let V~ = (x2 , xy). Compute γ V~ · d~r, where dr = (dx, dy) and γ : x2 − 2x + y 2 = 0.


R

R
6. Let A(1, 0, 1) şi B(0, 1, 2). Compute AB xdx + ydy + zdz.
R
7. Compute γ xydx + zdy − x2 dz, where γ has the parametrization x = t, y = t2 ,
z = 32 t3 , t ∈ [0, 1].
R
8. Compute γ y 2 dx + z 2 dy + x2 dz, where γ is defined by x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 2, z = 1.

2
3 Double integrals
3.1 Direct computation of double integrals.
RR
1. Let D = [0, 1] × [0, 2]. Compute D
xexy dxdy.
RR
2. Let D = {(x, y)| x2 + y 2 ≤ 4, y ≥ 0}. Compute D
ydxdy.
RR
3. Let D := the full triangle AOB, A(2, 0), B(0, 1), O(0, 0). Compute D
xydxdy.

4. Area of the domain D bounded by the line y = x and the parabola y = 14 (x2 +2x−3).

5. Area of the domain inside the circle x2 + y 2 = 16, bounded by the parabola y 2 = 6x.

6. Area of the domain D bounded by the lines x = 2, y = 1 and the parabola xy = 1.

3.2 Using the change of variables, compute:


2 2
1. Area of a disk D, with radius r > 0 and area of E = {(x, y) | xa2 + yb2 ≤ 1}.
RR 2 2
2. D ex +y dxdy, D = {(x, y)|x2 + y 2 ≤ 1}.
RR ∞ √
2 2 2
3. D e−(x +y ) dxdy, D = [0, ∞)2 . Prove that 0 e−x = 2π .
RR

RR p
4. D x2 + y 2 dxdy, a) D = {(x, y)| x2 +y 2 ≤ 2x}, b) D = {(x, y)| x2 +y 2 ≤ 4, x ≥ 0}.
RR
5. D xdxdy, a) D = {(x, y) | x2 + y 2 ≤ 2, x ≤ y}, b) D = {(x, y)| 1 ≤ x2 + y 2 ≤ 9}
1
RR 2 2
6. D x2 +y 2 dxdy, D = {(x, y) | 1 ≤ x + y ≤ 4, y ≥ 0}.

4 Triple integrals
4.1 Direct computation of triple integrals.
RRR
1. Let K = [0, 1] × [0, 2] × [0, 3]. Compute K
xyzdxdydz.
RRR
2. Let K = {(x, y, z) | x + y + z ≤ 3, x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0, z ≥ 0}. Compute K
zdxdydz.

3. Compute the volume of a ball with radius r > 0.


2 y2 z2
4. Compute the volume of the full ellipsoid K = { xa2 + b2
+ c2
≤ 1}.

5. Compute the volume of the solid bounded by x2 + y 2 = 3z and x2 + y 2 = 4 − z.

6. Compute the volume of K = {x2 + y 2 + z 2 ≤ 4, x2 + y 2 ≤ 3z}.

3
4.2 Using the change of variables, compute::
RRR
1. Let K = {x2 + y 2 ≤ 4, 0 ≤ z ≤ 1}. Compute K
(z 2 + 1)dxdydz. (cylindrical
coordinates)
RRR
2. Let K = {x2 + y 2 ≤ z 2 | 0 ≤ z ≤ 2}. Compute K
(x2 + y 2 )dxdydz. (cylindrical
coordinates)

3. Volume of a truncated cone (r, R, h). (cylindrical coordinates)

4. Volume of a ball with radius r > 0. (spherical coordinates).

5. The coordinates of the gravity center of the homogeneous solid K = {x2 + y 2 + z 2 ≤


a2 , z ≥ 0}. (spherical coordinates)
2 y2 z2
6. Volume of the full ellipsoid K = { xa2 + b2
+ c2
≤ 1}, where a, b, c > 0.

5 Surface integrals
5.1 Surface integrals

R
1. Let S = {(x, y, z)|x + y + z = 3, x, y, z ≥ 0}. Compute S x+y+z
.

2. Compute the lateral area of a truncated cone (R, r, h).

3. Compute the area of a sphere of radius r.


R
4. Let S = {x2 + y 2 + z 2 = a2 , z ≥ 0}. Compute S
(x + y + z)dσ.

5. Let S = {x2 + y 2 = 2z, z ∈ [0, 2]}. Compute the area of S.

6. Let S = {x2 + y 2 = z 2 , z ∈ [0, 1]}. Compute the area of S.

5.2 Compute the flux of V~ through S, where:


1. S = {(x, y, z)|x + y + z = 3, x, y, z ≥ 0} and V~ = (2z − x, y + x, 3z).

2. S = {x2 + y 2 + z 2 = R2 , z ≥ 0} and V~ = (x, y, z).

3. S = {x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 4} and V~ = (x2 , −2xy, z).

4. S = {x2 + y 2 = z, z ∈ [0, 1]} and V~ = (x2 , y 2 , z 2 ).

5. S = {x2 + y 2 = z 2 , z ∈ [0, 1]} and V~ = (y − z, z − x, x − y).

6. S = {x2 + y 2 = a2 , z ∈ [−1, 1]} and V~ = (x, z − x, x − y).

4
6 Integral formulas
R R
1. Compute directly and with Riemann-Green: γ (x+y)dx−(x−y)dy and γ y 2 dx+xdy,
where γ is the border of D = {x2 + y 2 ≤ 4}.

2. Let A(−1,R0), B(1, 1) şi C(1, −1). Let D = the full triangle ABC and γ = ∂D.
Compute γ xdy − ydx, directly and with Riemann-Green.

3. Let C(0, r) = the circle of radius r > 0, with center in the origin. Let P = xx−y
2 +y 2 and
x+y ∂P ∂Q
R
Q = x2 +y2 . a) Prove that ∂y = ∂x . b) Compute C(0,r) P dx + Qdy. c) Let γ be a
R
curve with O ∈ / γ. Compute γ P dx + Qdy.

4. Let K = {x2 + y 2 + z 2 ≤ 4} and S = ∂K = {x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 4}. Compute FluxS (V~1 )


and FluxS (V~2 ), where V~1 = (x2 , y 2 , z 2 ) and V~2 = (x2 , −2xy, z 3 ), using using Gauss-
Ostrogradksi.

5. Let S = {x2 + y 2 + z 2 ≤ 1, z ≥ 0}. Let V~ = (x2 , −2xy, z 2 ). Compute the flux of V~


through S.

6. Let K = {x2 + y 2 ≤ z, z ∈ [0, 1]}, S = ∂K = {x2 + y 2 ≤ z, z ∈ [0, 1]} ∪ {x2 + y 2 ≤


1, z = 0} and V~ = (x2 , y 2 , z 2 ). Compute FluxS (V~ ).
q r̄
7. Let r̄ = (x, y, z), r = ||r̄||, Ē = 4π r3
. a) Compute the flux of Ē trough S(0, R). b)
Flux of Ē through Σ, where Σ = ∂K, K is a compact and 0 ∈ / Σ.
2 2 2 2
8. Let S = {xR + y ≤ 1} ∩ {x + z = 1} and C = ∂S = {x + y = 1} ∩ {x + z = 1}.
Compute C (y − z)dx + (z − x)dy + (x − y)dz, directly and with Stokes.

9. Let γ : {x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 2, z = 1 and V~ = (y − z, z − x, x − y). Compute γ V~ dr̄,


R

directly and with Stokes.


R
10. Let C = {x2 + y 2 + z 2 = a2 } ∩ {x + y + z = a}. Compute C ydx + zdy + xdz, directly
and with Stokes.

5
7 Models of subjects for the partial exam
Variant 1:

1. Consider the equation x3 + x2 − 6x + 1 = 0. Prove that the equation has a unique


solution in [0, 1] and construct a sequence of approximations for it. Approximate the
solution with an error less than 10−2 .
R∞ 2
2. Compute 0 x2 e−x dx, using Euler’s function Γ.
RR p
3. Compute D x2 + y 2 dxdy, where D = {(x, y)| x2 + y 2 ≤ 2y}.

4. Compute the volume of the solid bounded by z = x2 + y 2 and 6 − z = x2 + y 2 .


R∞
5. RDenote f (y) = 0 e−xy sinx x dx, for y > 0. Compute f 0 (y) and deduce f (y). Compute
∞ sin x
0 x
dx.

Variant 2:

1. Consider the equation x3 + 12x − 1 = 0.Prove that the equation has a unique solution
in [0, 1] and construct a sequence of approximations for it. Approximate the solution
with an error less than 10−3 .
R∞ √ 4x
2. Compute 0 (1+x) 2 dx, using Euler’s function B.

RR p
3. Compute D
1 + x2 + y 2 dxdy, where D = {(x, y)| x2 + y 2 ≤ 1, y ≥ 0}.

4. Compute the volume of the solid bounded by x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 1 and y 2 + z 2 = x2 ,


where x ≥ 0.
R 1 b −xa Rb b −xa
5. Compute J = 0 x lnx cos(lnx)dx. Hint a xy dy = x lnx .

Variant 3:

1. Consider the equation x3 + 4x − 1 = 0.Prove that the equation has a unique solution
in [0, 1] and construct a sequence of approximations for it. Approximate the solution
with an error less than 10−2 .
R∞ 2 R∞
2. Compute a) 0 e−x dx, b) 0 x3dx+1 .

3. Compute:
RR p
(a) D (1 + x2 + y 2 )dxdy, where D = {(x, y)| x2 + y 2 ≤ 4y, x ≥ 0}.
RR p
(b) D (1 + x2 + y 2 )dxdy, where D = {(x, y)| x2 + y 2 ≤ 4, x ≥ 0}.
RR
(c) D x cos(xy)dxdy, where D = [0, π] × [1, 2].

6
4. Compute the volume of the solid bounded by x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 4 and 3z = x2 + y 2 ,
where z ≥ 0.
RR
5. Compute D xdxdy, where D = {(x, y)| 1 ≤ x2 + y 2 ≤ 9}.

Variant 4:

1. Consider the equation x3 + 5x − 1 = 0. Prove that the equation has a unique solution
in [0, 1] and construct a sequence of approximations for it. Approximate the solution
with an error less than 10−3 .
R∞ 2
2. Compute a) 0 x3 e−x dx.

3. Compute
RR p
(a) D (1 + x2 + y 2 )dxdy, where D = {(x, y)| x2 + y 2 ≤ x, y ≥ 0}.
RR p
(b) D (1 + x2 + y 2 )dxdy, where D = {(x, y)| x2 + y 2 ≤ 4, y ≥ 0}.

4. Compute the volume of the solid bounded by x2 + y 2 = z 2 and 2 − z = x2 + y 2 , where


z ≥ 0.
RR
5. Compute D xdxdy, where D = {(x, y)| 1 ≤ x2 + y 2 ≤ 9}.
R∞
6. Compute F (y) = 0 arctg(xy)
x(1+x2 )
dx, |y| < 1.

Variant 5-6 (2018):

1. Consider the equation i) x3 + 3x − 1 = 0, ii) x3 + 6x − 1 = 0. Prove that the equation


has a unique solution in [0, 1] and construct a sequence of approximations for it.
Approximate the solution with an error less than i) 10−2 , ii) 10−3 .
R ∞ x2 R∞ √ 3x
2. Compute i) 0 (1+x 4 )2 dx, ii) 0 (1+x2 )2
dx.

3. Compute the length of i) γ : x = t2 , y = 23 t3 , t ∈ [−1, 1],


ii) γ : x = cos3 t, y = sin3 t, t ∈ [− π2 , − π2 ].

4. Compute i) C(0,R) xx−y x+y


R
2 +y 2 dx + x2 +y 2 dy,

ii) C(0,R) x2−y x


R
+y 2
dx + x2 +y 2 dy.

RR p
5. Compute i) D (1 + x2 + y 2 )dxdy, D = {x2 + y 2 ≤ 2x, y ≥ 0},
RR p
ii) D (2 − x2 + y 2 )dxdy, D = {x2 + y 2 ≤ 2y, x ≥ 0}.

6. Compute the volume of the solid K bounded by i) z = 2 − x2 − y 2 , z = x2 + y 2 ,


ii) z = x2 + y 2 − 1, 4 − z = x2 + y 2 .

7
8 Models of subjects for the final examen
Variant 1:
1. Compute the length of γ : {x = t2 , y = 23 t3 , t ∈ [0, 1].
2. Area of S = {z = 2x2 + 2y 2 : z ∈ [0, 1]}.
y x
R R
3. Let V̄ = (− x2 +y 2 , x2 +y 2 ). a) Compute C(0,R)
V̄ dr̄. b) Compute γ V̄ dr̄, where γ is an
arbitrary closed path with 0 ∈ / Int(γ). (2p)
R
4. Compute S(0,√3) 5xydydz + (y 2 − z)dzdx + (2z − 3yz)dxdy.

5. Let V̄ = (x2 + z 2 , −2xy, x + y + 3z). The flux of V̄ trough S = {x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 4}.


Variant 2:
1. Compute the length of the parabola y 2 = 4x with the limits O(0, 0) and A(1, 2).
2. Area of S = {z 2 = x2 + y 2 : z ∈ [1, 2]}.
R
3. Compute C(0,1) (y + y 2 )dx + 2xydy. (direct sau R-G)
R
4. Let V̄ = (2z, −x, x), γ : {z 2 = x2 + y 2 , z = 1. Compute γ
V̄ dr̄.
R
5. Let V̄ = (y − x, z − x, x − y), γ : {x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 4, z = 1. Compute γ
V̄ dr̄
(direct+Stokes). (2p)
Variant 3:
1. Compute the length of γ : {x = t, y = t2 , z = 32 t3 , t ∈ [−1, 0].
2. Area of S = {x2 + y 2 + z 2 = R2 , z ≥ 0} ∩ {x2 + y 2 ≤ Ry}. (2p)
R
3. Let V̄ = (y, 3xy). Compute γ V̄ dr̄, where γ : x2 + y 2 = 2x. (direct sau R-G)

4. Let V̄ = (x2 , −2xy, 2z + x). Compute the flux of V̄ trough S(0, R).
R
5. Compute γ (y − x)dx + (z − x)dy + (x − y)dz, where γ : {x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 2, z = 1.
Variant 4:
1
R
1. Compute γ x2 +y 2 +z 2
ds, where γ : {x = cos t, y = sin t, z = t, t ∈ [0, 1].

2. Area of S = {z 2 = x2 + y 2 : z ∈ [0, 1]}.


R
3. Compute γ ydx + x2 dy, where γ : x2 + y 2 = 2y. (direct sau R-G)
q r̄
4. Let r̄ = (x, y, z), r = ||r̄||, Ē = 4π r3
. a) Compute the flux of Ē trough S(0, R). b)
Flux of Ē trough Σ, where Σ is a closed compact surface with 0 ∈ / Int(Σ). (2p)
5. Let V̄ = (2xy, −y 2 , 3z). Compute the flux of V̄ trough S(0, 1).

8
Variant 5:

1. Compute the mass of the solid bounded by z 2 = x2 + y 2 and 2 − z = x2 + y 2 with


density ρ(x, y, z) = 2.

2. Area of z = 3x2 + 3y 2 , z ∈ [0, 3].

3. Compute the mass of x2 + y 2 = 2, x, y ≥ 0 with density ρ(x, y) = xy.

4. Compute S V~ · ~ndσ, where V~ = (−y, x, 1) and S = {x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 1, z ≥ 0}.


R

5. Flux of V~ = (2x2 y, −2y 2 x, 3x + 1) through S(0, 2).

6. Let V~ = ( xx−y x+y


V~ d~r. b) Compute γ V~ d~r, where γ is an
R R
2 +y 2 , x2 +y 2 ). a) Compute C(0,R)
arbitrary closed path with 0 ∈ / γ.

Variant 6:

1. The volume of the solid bounded by z 2 = x2 + y 2 and x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 2 with z ≥ 0.



2. Compute γ x2 +y12 +z2 ds, where γ : {x = cos t, y = sin t, z = t, t ∈ [0, 3].
R

3. Compute C(0,R) x2−y x


R
+y 2
dx + x2 +y 2 dy.

4. Let V~ = (−y, x, z 2 ). Compute V~ d~r, where γ : {x2 + y 2 = 1, z = 1.


R
γ

5. Area of S = {x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 4, z ≥ 0} ∩ {x2 + y 2 ≤ 2x}.

6. Flux of V~ = (2xy, −y 2 − z, 2z + 1) through S(0, R).

Variant 7:

1. The volume of the sphere S(0, R).

2. The length of x = cos3 t, y = sin3 t, t ∈ [0, π/2].

3. The area of z = x2 + y 2 , z ∈ [0, 4].


R
4. Compute γ (2xy + y)dx + x2 dy, where γ is the border of D = {x2 + y 2 ≤ 2, x ≥ 0, y ≥
0}.

5. The flux of V~ = (xz, yz, z − z 2 ) through S(0, 2).


q r̄
6. Let r̄ = (x, y, z), r = ||r̄||, Ē = 4π r3
. a) Compute the flux of Ē trough S(0, R). b)
Flux of Ē through Σ, where Σ = ∂K, K is a compact and 0 ∈ / Σ.

9
Variant 8:

1. The volume of the solid bounded by z = x2 + y 2 and 2 − z = x2 + y 2 .

2. The length of x = 3t2 , y = 2t3 , t ∈ [−1, 1].

3. The area of z = x2 + y 2 , z ∈ [1, 3].

4. Compute γ V~ d~r, where γ : {x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 2, z = 1.


R

5. Let K = {x2 + y 2 + z 2 ≤ 4, z ≥ 0} and Σ = ∂K. Let V~ = (x2 + z 2 , −2xy, x + 3z).


Compute the flux of V~ through Σ.
q r̄
6. Let r̄ = (x, y, z), r = ||r̄||, Ē = 4π r3
. a) Compute the flux of Ē trough S(0, R). b)
Flux of Ē through Σ, where Σ = ∂K, K is a compact and 0 ∈ / Σ.

10
9 Solutions
Partial
Variant 1:

1. Let h : R → R, h(x) = x3 +x2 −6x+1. Since h0 (x) = 3x2 +2x−6 < 0, (∀)x ∈ [0, 1], it
follows that h is strictly decreasing on [0, 1]. Also, h(0) = 1 > 0, h(1) = −3 < 0 and
h is continuous, therefore, the equation h(x) = 0 has an unique solution α ∈ [0, 1].
Note that
1
x3 + x2 − 6x + 1 = 0 ⇔ x(x2 + x − 6) = −1 ⇔ x = .
6 − x − x2
1
Let f : [0, 1] → R, f (x) = 6−x−x 2 . We have f (α) = α. We prove that f is a contraction

on [0, 1], hence α is the fixed point of f . We have


2x + 1
f 0 (x) = > 0, (∀)x ∈ [0, 1],
(6 − x − x2 )2
1
therefore f is increasing on [0, 1]. Also, f (0) = 6
and f (1) = 14 , hence f ([0, 1]) =
[ 61 , 41 ] ⊂ [0, 1]. We have

2(6 − x − x2 )2 − (2x + 1)(−1 − 2x)2(6 − x − x2 )) 6x2 + 6x + 14


f 00 (x) = = > 0, (∀)x ∈ [0, 1],
(6 − x − x2 )4 (6 − x − x2 )3

therefore f 0 is increasing on [0, 1]. Also, f 0 (0) = 1


36 and f 0 (1) = 3
16 , hence

3
k = sup |f 0 (x)| = < 1.
x∈[0,1] 16

3
If follows that f is a contraction with the factor k = 16 . By the Theorem of Banach, f
has an unique fixed point in [0, 1], which is α, since f (α) = α. Let x0 := 0, xn+1 := f (xn ),
n ≥ 0. By the Theorem of Banach, α = limn xn and

kn 3n 16 1 3n−1
|xn − α| ≤ |x1 − x0 | = n · · = n−1 , (∀)n ≥ 1.
1−k 16 13 6 16 · 26
3n−1 1
Since 16n−1 ·26
⇔ n ≥ 2, we approximate α ≈ x2 = f (x1 ) = f ( 16 ) = · · · .
≤ 100
√ 1
2. Using the substitution t = x2 ⇔ x = t, dx = 2√ t
dt, we get
Z ∞ Z ∞ Z ∞ √
2 −x2 −t 1 1 1
−t 1 3 1 1 π
x e dx = te √ dt = t e dt = Γ( ) = Γ( ) =
2 .
0 0 2 t 2 0 2 2 4 2 4

3. We use polar coordinates x = ρ cos θ, y = ρ sin θ.

x2 + y 2 ≤ 2y ⇒ ρ2 ≤ 2ρ sin θ, hence sin θ ≥ 0 and ρ ≤ 2 sin θ.

11
Therefore θ ∈ [0, π] and ρ ∈ [0, 2 sin θ]. It follows that
ZZ p Z π Z 2 sin θ Z π Z π
1 8
I := 2 2
x + y dxdy = dθ ρ · ρdρ = ρ3 |20 sin θ dθ = sin3 θdθ.
D 0 0 3 0 3 0

On the other hand,


Z π Z π
3 cos3 θ π 1 1 4
sin θdθ = sin θ(1 − cos2 θ)dθ = (− cos θ + )|0 = (1 − ) − (−1 + ) = ,
0 0 3 3 3 3
32
hence I = 9 .

4. If z = x2 + y 2 and 6 − z = x2 + y 2 then z = 6 − z, hence z = 3. Therefore, the intersection


of the parabolloids z = x2 + y 2 and 6 − z = x2 + y 2 is the circle {x2 + y 2 = 3, z = 3. Let K
be the solid bounded by z = x2 + y 2 and 6 − z = x2 + y 2 . If follows that

K = {(x, y, z) : (x, y) ∈ D, z ∈ [x2 + y 2 , 6 − x2 − y 2 ]}, where D = {(x, y) : x2 + y 2 ≤ 3},

therefore
ZZZ ZZ Z 6−x2 −y 2 ZZ
vol(K) = dxdydz = dxdx dz = (6 − 2x2 − 2y 2 )dxdy.
K D x2 +y 2 D

We use polar coordinates {x = ρ cos θ, y = ρ sin θ, ρ ∈ [0, 3], θ ∈ [0, 2π]. It follows that
√ √
Z 2π Z 3 Z 3 √
vol(K) = dθ (6 − 2ρ2 )ρdρ = 2π (6ρ − 2ρ3 )dρ = π(6ρ2 − ρ4 )|0 3 = 9π.
0 0 0

5. Let y > 0. We have


Z ∞ Z ∞
0 ∂ −xy sin x
f (y) = (e )dx = − e−xy sin xdx.
0 ∂y x 0

On the other hand, writing e−ax sin xdx = e−ax (M cos x + N sin x) + C, identifying M and
R

N is (e−ax (M cos x + N sin x))0 = e−ax sin x, we get M = − a21+1 , N = − a2a+1 . Therefore

1 y 1
f 0 (y) = ( e−xy cos x + 2 e−xy sin x)|∞
0 =− 2 .
y2 + 1 y +1 y +1

It follows that f (y) = arctg y + c, (∀)y > 0, where c ∈ R is a constant. On the other hand,
since f is continuous on [0, ∞), it follows that
Z ∞
sin x
f (0) = dx = lim f (y) = lim (arctg y + c) = c.
0 x y&0 y&0


Also, since e−xy sinx x < e−xy , (∀)x > 0, 0 e−xy dx = y1 and limy→∞ y1 = 0, it follows that
R
R∞
limy→∞ f (y) = 0. On the other hand, limy→∞ f (y) = c − π2 , hence c = 0 sinx x dx = π2 .

12
Variant 2:

1. Similar to variant 1.
R∞ √ 4x R ∞ x 14 Γ( 54 )Γ( 34 )
2. 0 (1+x) 2 dx = 0 (1+x)2
dx = B( 54 , 34 ) = Γ(2)
= 14 Γ( 14 )Γ( 43 ) = 1
4
· π
sin π4
= π

2 2
.

3. We use polar coordinates {x = ρ cos θ, y = ρ sin θ, ρ ∈ [0, 1], θ ∈ [0, π]. It follows that
π 1
π √
ZZ p Z Z p 1 3
2 2
1 + x + y dxdy = dθ ρ 1 + ρ2 dρ = π (1 + ρ2 ) 2 |10 = (2 2 − 1).
D 0 0 3 3

4. Similar to variant 1.
R 1 b −xa R1 Rb Rb R1
5. We have J = 0 x lnx cos(ln x)dx = 0 dx a xy cos(ln x)dy = a dy 0 xy cos(ln x)dx.
Using the substitution t = − ln x ⇔ x = e−t , dx = −e−t dt, it follows that
Z 1 Z 0 Z ∞
−ty −t
y
x cos(ln x)dx = e cos(−t)(−e )dt = e−(y+1)t cos tdt.
0 ∞ 0

Writting e−(y+1)t cos tdx = e−(y+1)t (M cos t + N sin t) + C, identifying M and N is


R
y+1
(e−(y+1)t (M cos t + N sin t))0 = e−(y+1)t cos t, we get M = − (y+1) 1
2 +1 , N = (y+1)2 +1 .

Therefore
Z b
y+1 1
J= (− 2
e−(y+1)t cos t + e−(y+1)t sin t)|∞
0 dy =
a (y + 1) + 1 (y + 1)2 + 1
b
(b + 1)2 + 1
Z  
y+1 1 1
= 2
dy = ln((y + 1)2 + 1)|ba = ln .
a (y + 1) + 1 2 2 (a + 1)2 + 1

Variant 3:

1. Similar to variant 1.

2. a) Using the substitution t = x2 ⇔ x = t, we get
∞ ∞

1 ∞ −t − 1
Z ZZ
−x2 1 1 1
−t 2
e dx = e √ dt = e t dt = Γ( ) =
2 .
0 0 2 t 2 0 2 2 2

b) Using the substitution t = x3 ⇔ x = 3 t, we get
2
∞ ∞
t− 3
Z Z
dx 1 1 1 2 1 π 2π
3
= dt = B( , ) = · π = √ .
0 x +1 3 0 1+t 3 3 3 3 sin 3 3 3

3. If D = [0, π] × [1, 2], then


ZZ Z π Z 2 Z π Z π
x cos(xy)dxdy = dx x cos(xy)dy = sin(xy)|21 dx = (sin(2x) − sin x)dx.
D 0 1 0 0

13
4. Similar to variant 1.

5. We use polar coordinates {x = ρ cos θ, y = ρ sin θ, ρ ∈ [1, 3], θ ∈ [0, 2π]. It follows that
ZZ Z 2π Z 1 Z 2π Z 1
xdxdy = dθ ρ · ρ cos θdρ = cos θdθ ρ2 dρ = 0.
D 0 0 0 0

Variant 2:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6. Note that, since arctg(−xy) = − arctg(xy), we have F (−y) = −F (y), hence we can
assume y ≥ 0. We have
Z ∞ Z ∞ Z ∞
0 ∂ arctg(xy) x 1 1
F (y) = ( ) dx = · dx = dx
0 ∂y x(1 + x2 ) 0 1 + (xy) x(1 + x2 )
2
0 (1 + y 2 x2 )(1 + x2 )
Assume y > 0. Writing
1 Ax + B Cx + D
= + ,
(1 + y 2 x2 )(1 + x2 ) 2
1+y x 2 1 + x2
it follows that 1 = (Ax + B)(1 + x2 ) + (Cx + D)(1 + y 2 x2 ). Identifying the coefficients,
−y 2 1
we get A = C = 0, B = 1−y 2 and D = 1−y 2 . Therefore,

Z ∞ Z ∞
0 −y y 1 1
F (y) = 2 2 2
dx + dx =
1−y 0 1+y x 1 − y 0 1 + x2
2

−y 1 π −y 1 π
= 2
arctg(xy)|∞0 + 2
arctg(x)|∞
0 = ( 2
+ 2
)= .
1−y 1−y 2 1−y 1−y 2(1 + y)
R∞
Since F (0) = 0 0 dx = 0 and F 0 (y) = 2(1+y) π
for y > 0, it follows that F (y) =
π
2
ln(1 + y), for y ≥ 0. If y < 0 then F (y) = −F (−y) = π2 ln(1 − y).

Final
Variant 1:
p √ √
1. x0 = 2t, y 0 = 2t2 , thus ds = x02 + y 02 dt = 4t2 + 4t4 dt = 2t 1 + t2 dt. Hence
1
2 √
Z Z p 2 3
`(γ) = ds = 2t 1 + t2 dt = (1 + t2 ) 2 |10 = (2 2 − 1).
γ 0 3 3

14
2. Since z = 2x2 +2y 2 and z ∈ [0, 1], it follows that 0 ≤ 2x2 +2y 2 ≤ 2, hence 0 ≤ x2 +y 2 ≤
1. Let D = {(x, y) | x2 + y 2 ≤ 1}. Then S = {(x, y, z) | (x, y) ∈ D, z = 2x2 + 2y 2 }.
∂z ∂z
We have p = ∂x = 4x, q = ∂y = 4y. It follows that
Z ZZ p ZZ p
Area(S) = dσ = 2 2
1 + p + q dxdy = 1 + 4x2 + 4y 2 dxdy.
S D D

We use polar coordinate, {x = ρ cos θ , y = ρ sin θ, ρ ∈ [0, 1], θ ∈ [0, 2π]. It follows
that Z 2π Z 1 p Z 1 p
Area(S) = dθ ρ 1 + 4ρ2 dρ = 2π ρ 1 + 4ρ2 dρ.
0 0 0
2
Using the substitution u = 1 + 4ρ , du = 8ρdρ, it follows that
3
π ρ2 5 π √
Z 5
1√
Area(S) = 2π ρdρ = | = (5 5 − 1).
1 8 4 32 1 6

3. a) We use the parametrization x = R cos t, y = R sin t, t ∈ [0, 2π]. It follows that



−y −R sin t
Z Z Z
x R cos t
V̄ dr̄ = 2 2
dx+ 2 dy = ( (−R sin t)+ (R cos t)dt) =
C(0,R) C(0,R) x +y x + y2 0 R 2 R2
R 2π
= 0 dt = 2π.
−y
b) We consider two cases: i) O ∈
/ Int(γ). Let D = Int(γ) ∪ γ. Let P (x, y) = x2 +y 2
and
x ∂P ∂Q y 2 −x2
Q(x, y) = x2 +y 2
.
One can easily check that = = (x2 +y2 )2 . Since O(0, 0) ∈
∂y ∂x / D, P, Q
are defined on D, therefore, by Riemman-Green formula,
Z ZZ
∂Q ∂P
P dx + Qdy = ( − )dxdy = 0.
γ D ∂x ∂y

ii) O ∈ Int(γ). We choose R > 0 such that the disc D(O, R) = {x2 + y 2 < R2 } ⊂ Int(γ).
Let D = (Int(γ) \ D(O, R)) ∪ γ. The border of D is ∂D = γ ∪ C(O, R), where C(O, R) =
∂D(O, R) is the circle of radius R with the center in O. As in the first case, P and Q are
defined on D, since O ∈/ D. Using a consequence of Riemann-Green formula, we have
ZZ Z Z
∂Q ∂P
0= ( − )dxdy = P dx + Qdy − P dx + Qdy,
D ∂x ∂y γ C(O,R)
R R
hence γ P dx + Qdy = C(O,R) P dx + Qdy = 2π.

4. Let K = {x2 + y 2 + z 2 ≤ 3}. Since ∂K = S(0, 3), by Gauss-Ostrogradski formula, it
follows that
Z ZZZ
2
I := √ 5xydydz + (y − z)dzdx + (2z − 3yz)dxdy = (5y + 2y + 2 − 3y)dxdydz =
S(0, 3) K
ZZZ ZZZ ZZZ ZZZ
= (4y+2)dxdydz = 4 ydxdydz+2 dxdydy = 4 ydxdydz+2 Vol(K).
K K K K

15

Using spherical coordinates, {x = ρ sin θ cos ϕ, y = ρ sin θ sin ϕ, z = ρ cos θ, ρ ∈ [0, 3],
θ ∈ [0, π], ϕ ∈ [0, 2π], it follows that
√ √
ZZZ Z 2π Z π Z 3 Z 2π Z π Z 3
ydxdydz = dϕ dθ ρ sin θ sin ϕρ2 sin θdρ = sin ϕdϕ sin2 θdθ ρ3 dρ.
K 0 0 0 0 0 0
√ √
R 2π RRR 4π( 3)3
Since 0 sin ϕdϕ = 0, we get K ydxdydz = 0, hence I := 2 Vol(K) = 2· 3 = 8π 3.

5. Let K = {x2 + y 2 + z 2 ≤ 4}. By Gauss-Ostrogradski formula, it follows that


4π23
ZZZ
FluxS (V̄ ) = (2x − 2x + 3)dxdydz = 3 Vol(K) = 3 = 32π.
K 3

Variant 2:
t2
1. We use the parametrization {x = 4
, y = t, t ∈ [1, 2]. x0 = 2t , y 0 = 1, hence
r
1 1p
t2
Z Z Z
1 1 p p
`(γ) = ds = + 1dt = t2 + 4dt = (t t2 + 4 + 4 ln(t + t2 + 4)|10 .
γ 0 4 2 0 4

2. Since z ∈ [1, 2] and z 2 = x2 + y 2 , it follows that 1 ≤ x2 + y 2 ≤ 4, hence


p
S = {(x, y, z) | (x, y) ∈ D, z = x2 + y 2 }, D = {(x, y) | 1 ≤ x2 + y 2 ≤ 4}.
y
p √
We have p = ∂x ∂z
= √ x2 2 , q = ∂y∂z
= x2 +y 2 , thus dσ = 1 + p2 + q 2 dxdy = 2dxdy.
x +y
Therefore
Z ZZ √
Area(S) = dσ = 2dxdy = 2 Area(D) = 2(4π − π) = 3π.
S D

(Area of D is the difference between the area of a disc of radius 2 and the area of a
disc of radius 1)
3. i) Direct. We use the parametrization x = cos t, y = sin t, t ∈ [0, 2π]. It follows that
Z Z 2π
(y + y 2 )dx + 2xydy = ((sin t + sin2 t)(− sin t) + 2 cos2 t sin t)dt = · · ·
C(O,1) 0

ii) With R-G. Let D = {x2 + y 2 ≤ 1}, ∂D = C(O, 1). By Riemman-Green formula,
Z ZZ
2
(y + y )dx + 2xydy = (2y − 2y − 1)dxdy = −Area(D) = −π.
C(O,1) D

4. We use the parametrization x = cos t, y = sin t, z = 1, t ∈ [0, 2π]. It follows that


Z Z Z 2π Z 2π Z 2π
2 1 + cos 2t
V̄ dr̄ = 2zdx−xdy+xdz = (−2 sin t−cos t)dt = −2 sin tdt− dt
γ γ 0 0 0 2
t 2π sin 2t 2π
= 2 cos t|2π
0 − |0 − | = 0 − π − 0 = −π.
2 4 0

16
5. i) Direct. Since z = √ 1 and x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 4, it follows that x2 + y 2 = 3, hence γ
is a √
circle of radius
√ 3 contained in the plane z = 1. γ has the parametrization
x = 3 cos t, y = 3 sin t, z = 1. Therefore,
Z Z 2π √ √ √ √ √
V̄ dr̄ = (( 3 sin t − 3 cos t) 3(− sin t) + (1 − 3 cos t) 3 cos t)dt =
γ 0
Z 2π √
= (−3 sin2 t + 3 sin t cos t + 3 cos t − 3 cos2 t)dt =
0
Z 2π Z 2π √ Z sin2 t 2π √

= −3 dt+3 sin t cos tdt+ 3 |0 + 3 sin t|2π
cos tdt = −6π+3
0 = −6π.
0 0 0 2
2 2
ii) Using Stokes’s formula. Let S = {(x, y, z) | x + y ≤ 3, z = 1}. The border of S
~i ~j ~k
∂ ∂ ∂

is ∂S = γ. The rotor of V̄ is rot(V̄ ) = ∂x
= (−2, −1, −2). Since
∂y ∂z
y−x z−x x−y
S is a subset in the plane z = 1, ~n = ~k = (0, 0, 1) is the normal unitar vector in any
point of S. By Stokes’s formula,
Z Z Z Z
V̄ dr̄ = V̄ ·~ndσ = (−2, −1, −2)·(0, 0, 1)dσ = (−2)dσ = −2Area(S) = −6π.
γ S S S

Variant 3:
1. We have x0 = 1, y 0 = 2t, z 0 = 2t2 , hence
p p
ds = x02 + y 02 + z 02 dt = 1 + 4t2 + 4t4 dt = (1 + 2t2 )dt.
It follows that
0
2t3 0
Z
5
`(γ) = (1 + 2t2 )dt = (t + )|−1 = .
−1 3 3
p
2. Since x2 + y 2 + z 2 = R2 and z ≥ 0, it follows that z = R2 − x2 − y 2 , hence
p
S = {(x, y, z) | (x, y) ∈ D, z = R2 − x2 − y 2 }, D = {(x, y) | x2 + y 2 ≤ Ry}.
p
We have p = ∂x∂z
= − √ 2 x 2 2 , q = ∂y
∂z
= − √ 2 y 2 2 , thus dσ = 1 + p2 + q 2 dxdy =
R −x −y R −x −y
√ R
dxdy, therefore Area(S) = S dσ = D √ 2 R 2 2 dxdy.
R RR
2 2 2
R −x −y R −x −y

We use polar coordinates {x = ρ cos θ, y = ρ sin θ. Since x2 + y 2 ≤ Ry, it follows


ρ2 ≤ Rρ sin θ, hence 0 ≤ ρ ≤ R sin θ. In particular, sin θ ≥ 0, hence θ ∈ [0, π]. It
follows that
Z π Z R sin θ Z π p

Area(S) = dθ p dρ = R (− R2 − ρ2 )|R0
sin θ
dθ =
2
R −ρ 2
0 0 0
Z π p Z π Z π
2 2 2
=R 2
(1− 1 − sin θ)dθ = R (1−| cos θ|)dθ = R (π− | cos θ|dθ) = R2 (π−2).
0 0 0

17
3. Note that x2 + y 2 = 2x ⇔ (x − 1)2 + y 2 = 1. We use the parametrization x =
1 + cos t, y = sin t, t ∈ [0, 2π]. It follows that
Z Z Z 2π
V̄ dr̄ = ydx + 3xydy = (− sin2 t + 3 cos2 t sin t)dt.
γ γ 0

4. Let K = {x2 + y 2 + z 2 ≤ R2 }. By Gauss-Ostrogradski formula, it follows that

4πR3 8πR3
ZZZ
FluxS(O,R) (V̄ ) = (2x − 2x + 2)dxdydz = 2 Vol(K) = 2 = .
K 3 3

5. Similar to variant 2.

Variant 4:
√ 2 √
1. x0 = − sin t, y 0 = cos t, z 0 = 1 implies ds = sin t + cos2 t + 1dt = 2dt. It follows
√ √
Z
1
Z 1
2 √ 1
√ π 2
ds = dt = 2 arctg t|0 = 2(arctg 1 − arctg 0) = .
γ x + y2 + z2
2
0 1 + t2 4

2. Similar to variant 2.

3. Similar to variant 3.
p q 3
4. a) r = ||r̄|| = x2 + y 2 + z 2 , hence Ē = (P, Q, R), where P = 4π x(x2 + y 2 + z 2 )− 2 ,
q 3 q 3
Q = 4π y(x2 +y 2 +z 2 )− 2 and R = 4π z(x2 +y 2 +z 2 )− 2 . The unitary normal vector field
to S(0, R) is n̄ = ( Rx , Ry , RRz ) = R1 r̄. Also, ifR(x, y, z) ∈ S(O, R), then Ē = 4πq
R−3 · r̄.
q q
R−4 r̄ · r̄dσ = S(O,R) 4π R−2 dσ =
R
Hence, FluxS(O,R) (Ē) = S(O,R) Ē · n̄dσ = S(O,R) 4π
q

R−2 Area(S(O, R)) = q.
b) We consider two cases. i) O ∈ / Int(Σ). Let K = Int(Σ) ∪ Σ. Since Ē is de-
RRR on K (as O ∈
fined / K), by Gauss-Ostrogradski formula, we get FluxS(O,R) Ēdσ =
K
div( Ē)dxdydz = 0, as div(Ē) = 0 (check!).
ii) O ∈ Int(Σ). We choose R > 0 such that S(O, R) ⊂ Int(Σ). Let K = (Int(Σ) ∪
Σ) \ Int(S(O,
RRRR)). Since O ∈
/ K, using a consequence of Gauss-Ostrogradski formula,
we get 0 = K
div( Ē)dxdydz = FluxΣ (Ē)−FluxS(O,R) (Ē), therefore FluxΣ (Ē) = q.

5. Similar to variant 3.

18

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