Airline Network Planning

April 2013
Airline Network Planning | April 2013

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Abstract ............................................................................................. 3

Abbreviations .................................................................................... 4

Use Cases ......................................................................................... 6

Requirements and Assumptions ....................................................... 7

Solution Foundation Components ..................................................... 8

Solution Capabilities ........................................................................ 11

Extended Functionality of the Solution ............................................ 17

Conclusion....................................................................................... 19

Addendum ....................................................................................... 20

References ...................................................................................... 23

Author Info ....................................................................................... 24

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 Airline Network Planning | April 2013

Abstract
Airline companies around the world develop next generation optimal
network planning solutions to maximize revenues and minimize
operational expenditures. Such solution entails a powerful user
interface, simulation capabilities, customizable rules/workflows, and
integration with a variety of existing internal & external systems.
Primary objectives are to enhance business intelligence, minimize
unprofitable flights, improve schedule quality, and reduce time
involved with schedule plan creation.
The purpose of this document is to illustrate HCL‟s relevant domain
knowledge, problem statement understandings, and industry-wide
expertise. The intended audience includes Airline Executives,
Architects, and Project Owners.

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 Airline Network Planning | April 2013

Abbreviations

Sl. No. Acronyms Full Form

(Page No.)

1 ATM/CATM Air Traffic Management/ Collaborative

(20) Air Traffic Management

2 CDM/A- Collaborative Decision Making/Airport

CDM (20, Collaborative Decision Making
22)

3 SWIM (18, System Wide Information Management

21)

4 SES(6) Single European Sky

5 NGATS (5, FAA “Next Gen” project or Next

18, 21, 22, Generation Air Transportation System
24)

6 SESAR (5, Single European Sky ATM Research

18) Programme

7 CEP (9) Complex Event Processing

8 BPM (10, Business Process Management

19, 20)

9 MRO (12) Maintenance, repair, and operations

10 BPEL (9, 19, Business Process Execution Language

22)

11 ESB (9) Enterprise Service Bus

12 CPLEX (10, Short name of IBM product: "IBM

11, 15) CPLEX Enterprise Server"

13 RDBMS (12) Relational database management

system

14 NoSQL (12) Next Generation Database

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 Airline Network Planning | April 2013

15 RAM (12) Random-access memory

16 SMP (12) Symmetric multiprocessing

17 CUDA (13) NVIDIA's parallel computing

architecture

18 FAA (17, 20) Federal Aviation Administration

19 OGC (17, Open Geospatial Consortium

21, 22)

20 SOA (17, 18, Service-oriented architecture

19, 21)

21 COTS/FOSS Commercial Off-The-Shelf/Free and

(14, 17) Open Source Software

22 BPMN (18, Business Process Model and Notation

21)

Additional description.

4. Single European Sky (1). It was launched by the European

Commission in 1999. Its primary aim is to meet future capacity and
safety needs through legislation. On the technology side, SES is
supported by the Single European Sky ATM Research (SESAR)
Programme.

5. FAA “Next Gen” project or Next Generation Air Transportation

System (NGATS) (2). NextGen will be compatible with Europe's
Single Sky initiative through technologies developed under the
aegis of the Single Sky European ATM Research (SESAR)
program.

6. Single European Sky ATM Research (SESAR) project (3).

SESAR is the European initiative equivalent to the FAA “Next Gen”
(NGATS).

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 Airline Network Planning | April 2013

Use Cases
Airline network planning is a process of designing, creating, and
publishing the Network Plan. There are multiple short-term and
long-term network planning use cases.
1. Short-term use cases
a. Plane switching use case, where planes need to be
substituted to similar or larger/smaller plane due to
mechanical problems, delayed flights,
oversold/undersold situations
b. Crew recovery use case, where the flight crew for
the plane is incomplete due to illness, missing
connecting flights, flight delays, etc.
2. Long-term use cases
a. Opening new flight routes
b. Decreasing/increasing of flight frequency on an
existing route due to seasonal/long-term change in
demand/profitability
c. Closing existing routes due to change in
demand/profitability
Fleet rebalancing to address (predicted) changes in passenger
volume and business class/coach demand ratio on each route.

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 Airline Network Planning | April 2013

Requirements and Assumptions

Solution Architecture:
1. Proper technology selection process requires a deep dive
into existing systems architecture and currently employed
technologies
2. “Best of Breed” Open Source alternatives are viable in an
airline company environment
3. The solution should offer versatility, follow available
standards, and fit closely with typical airline company‟s
long-term broader goals
4. Strong focus on user experience and overall performance is
very much required
Data Sources (available data points from existing
services/databases):
1. Flight leg cost (duration, fuel use for each type of aircraft)
database or service
2. Maintenance schedules, cost, facilities
3. Ground crews availability, cost
4. Flight crews availability, schedules, overnight restrictions
5. Aircraft fleet structure, availability, aircraft carrying capacity,
seats configuration
6. Airport/terminal costs/constraints
7. Current and predicted ask/demand/fares dynamics on major
routes

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 Airline Network Planning | April 2013

Solution Foundation Components

The envisioned solution consists of the following fundamental
Software Oriented Architecture conformant components:
1. Business Process Server allows developers to
orchestrate, create, and manage business processes.
Processes are generally long-running stateful processes or
short-running processes (stateless/stateful) triggered during
workflow execution. Such workflows may have
dependencies on chained completion of previous steps.
This centralized system provides a secure web UI and
powerful developer IDE integration for process creation and
management following BPEL standards. Programmatic
control via code or Web Services offers interoperability with
legacy systems and new solutions alike.
2. Business Rules Server facilitates graphical rule creation
and management, making it easier for general business
users and data analysts to define sophisticated rules. The
underlying Business Rules Server repository is leveraged
by Complex Event Processors while handling streams of
events. External applications may also integrate with the
Business Rules Server to manage and control rule sets via
Web Service calls.
3. Complex Event Processing Servers are the workhorses
which ingest streams of events and execute Business Rules
in memory (essentially transactional conditions and actions)
to identify or react to individual events of interest. CEP rules
establish relationships, hierarchies, and identify patterns
between individual events. Common applications for CEP
include low-level transaction response, fraud detection, and
dynamic pricing adjustments. The most extensively used
features are support for temporal reasoning, detecting
absence of events, and processing event streams while
considering previous events inside of sliding/moving
windows, i.e. a time period.
4. Enterprise Service Bus serves as the transport
mechanism between heterogeneous components in new
and existing systems. ESB implementation is an industry
best practice when connecting many disparate systems,
and recommended for secure mediation of each transaction
throughout the environment.

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 Airline Network Planning | April 2013

Core Functionality of the Solution

1. Network optimization modeling functionality:

a. Mathematical models capable of finding optimized
network structures. This is core functionality to
address the network planning task. Such models
will be plugged into various scenarios to meet
airline network planning objectives.
b. Mathematical models capable of allowing an
analyst to interact and explore “what-if” scenarios
while changing the network to respond to business
demands. This functionality is to allow human input
into the network planning task to orchestrate and
direct mathematical model reasoning to be fine-
tuned to achieve a business goal. Human
interaction is vital because it might not be possible
or practical to digitize all business factors and
convert all business logic into equations and/or
programming logic.
2. Business Process Management functionality:
a. Business Process Management enables analysts to
execute recurring long-running simulations against
both historical and real-time data, to validate and to
further hone production business rules and
workflows. BPM provides staging, versioning, and
change control of processes and artifacts
throughout the solution, i.e. in isolated
development/staging/production systems. This
facilitates playing out various identified “what-if”
scenarios in a controlled environment, manual
validation of expected outcomes, process
benchmarking, ongoing process optimization, and
process governance as changes are accepted and
promoted to production.
b. Ability to dynamically handle situations in which
automated actions or recommendations can be
established using Complex Event Processing and
combinations of relevant Business Rules.
c. Ability to integrate external systems/services inside
multi-step business process workflows. Enterprise
rd
Service Bus can leverage 3 party product APIs or
Web Services, providing extensible processing
capabilities. For example, IBM CPLEX Enterprise
Server provides Web Services for submitting jobs
for processing. Business Processes may establish

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 Airline Network Planning | April 2013

interdependencies on prior step completion (such

as a CPLEX linear programming model job) within a
defined workflow.

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 Airline Network Planning | April 2013

Solution Capabilities

Database Layer

The database layer carries data persistence functionality for:

1. Data dictionaries
2. Business rules
3. Fleet data
4. Global airport data
5. Airline fleet data
6. Particular airline and other airlines passenger travel
historical data
7. Various cost data (maintenance schedules, maintenance
centers [MRO] characteristics, flight and ground crew
availability/cost)
Some components of the database layer could be served not by a
database, but by a service. Also, let‟s explore if there are special
scalability or special query requirements which will warrant special
databases (such as NoSQL or graph database). Let‟s consider an
example of airport-to-airport flight duration, distance and cost for a
particular model of airplane. Let‟s assume there are no more than
1,000 airports the airline could be interested in flying into. There
should be on order of 1,000,000 possible single-leg flights between
these airports, while this number will be reduced to exclude direct
legs between distant minor airports. Let‟s assume there are ~10
different aircraft types in service. The database will store on order of
1,000,000 to 10,000,000 records to represent the matrix of possible
flights, which is a reasonable scale for traditional RDBMS. A
particular mathematical model might call for an in-memory array to
store such cost matrix for faster lookup during computation. Actual
airport-to-airport leg cost data could be originated from (external)
service, where the database and/or in-memory array could be used
to cache the dataset. The dataset might not be large enough to call
for a graph database. Graph traversal operations could be
completed in-memory over the cached dataset array.
Modeling Layer

The modeling layer connects data sources into mathematical

models. Such models forecast travel supply and demand, help to
find an optimal network plan within static supply/demand scenarios

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 Airline Network Planning | April 2013

and aid with the outcome prediction for network plan change
exploration.
Data availability/granularity/precision as well as the prediction
spread of each model could vary. In some cases, historical data
trending deployment lesser cost could be a deciding factor. More
complex models (also based on extended datasets) could be
deployed later and/or used for special use cases.
Let‟s compare a historical trending approach to an extended
forecasting model for airport demand forecasting:

Historical trending will include complete sales data for airports

where the airline flies. Note that many airports will be out of reach of
this data set. Many destinations from airports where an airline flies
will be omitted if the airline doesn‟t cover these destinations from
these airports. Historical trending could be enhanced with some
volume and sales data from other airlines, but this data won‟t have
such a level of granularity and precision.

An extended airport demand forecasting model will enhance

these datasets with more data elements such as aircraft movement,
scheduled/charter passenger traffic, freight traffic patterns, fares,
area demographics (population, [disposable] income, employment)
and area economic indicators.
The data elements‟ granularity/precision as well as the pattern
discoverability determine the types of mathematical models which
could be used (such as time-series analysis, regression models,
neural networks, etc).
Each airport demand forecast is tightly connected to other airport
local characteristics and non-air travel availability and cost
within/between locales.
Every model could have varying run times. There could be different
scalability challenges and mixes thereof:
1. Algorithm requires most of the data to be placed into RAM,
but the dataset exceeds the practical limit of RAM for single
server.
2. Algorithm requires a high number of passes which takes
long time on a single CPU.
These challenges may be addressed by various measures:
- Sampling, using subsets instead of a full data set, is
acceptable in many situations
- SMP as far as it is practical (~128 cores with AMD; lesser
number of cores, but comparable performance with Intel)

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 Airline Network Planning | April 2013

- Intel Phi. Disadvantages: fairly new. Advantages: very cost-

and space-efficient, HPC especially, for a restricted set of
algorithms, where supported by Intel libraries C/C++
development is warranted
- CUDA. Advantages: well established, supported by
MATLAB/GNU Octave. Disadvantages: only some
vector/matrix computations are accelerated efficiently
- RevoScaleR for R applications
- SAS HPA for SAS applications
Visualization Layer

The visualization layer allows an ergonomic display of data coming

from various layers. Data may be obtained directly from the
database layer, or indirectly via the modeling layer.
Visualization is important to interpret data and data models to drive
the exploration and decision making processes. Visualization of
airline networks has some traditional and special visual dimensions
to be visualized:

Spatial visualization via custom maps

 For country-wide/intercontinental scale
 For airport infrastructure/approaches scale
Using:
 Points data (point of interest, airline offices, etc.)
 Line data (flight path, service vehicle/crew/passenger
routes)
 Area data (restricted flight zones, etc.)
In:
 2D
 3D space

rd
High-D space (2D space with 3 dimension as time,
animation to visualize time-series)

Visualization of mathematical models:

 Graphs
 Surfaces

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 Airline Network Planning | April 2013

Visualization of data subsets:

 Dynamically generated reports
 Interactive subsets snapshots which allow further data
grouping, exploration (Excel-like functionality)
There are some visualization techniques which are optimized
for aeronautics use cases:
 Traffic density chart map
 Airports and their connections map
 Hybrid bar charts on the map with flight path animation

COTS and FOSS Capability Matrix

Development Commercial Off-The- Free and open-

Platform Shelf (COTS) source software
software (FOSS)

Oracle WSO2

Business Processes Business Process Business Process

Management Server (Apache
Orchestration
Director Engine)

Business Rules Business Rules Business Rules

Server (JBoss
Drools Expert)

Complex Event Event Processing Complex Event

Processing Processor (JBoss
Drools Fusion)

Enterprise Service Service Bus Enterprise Service

Bus Bus (Apache
Synapse)

Linear IBM ILOG CPLEX GNU Octave

programming, Optimizer
optimization
MATLAB

Mathematica

Non-linear MATLAB GNU Octave

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 Airline Network Planning | April 2013

programming,
Mathematica
optimization

Machine learning MATLAB with Limited support in

(neural networks, extensions Weka, Octave, R
genetic
programming, Limited support in
Bayesian networks) SAS

Regression models, SAS R

other forecasting
models

Database Layer Oracle MySQL

PostgreSQL

Geospatial Snoflake
Situational
Awareness; high Luciad
performance
visualization of
situational
awareness
applications;
Geospatial
Situational
Awareness for
browser-based
environments;
Mobile Geospatial
Situational
Awareness; Air
Traffic Playback and
Analysis. FIXM and
AIXM viewers

Extended spatial ESRI

analysis

MPP EMC Greenplum. Cloudera Impala

Particular strength for (open source, but
extreme scale-out not free)

IBM Netezza.
Particular strength for
near-real-time
analytics

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 Airline Network Planning | April 2013

Oracle Exalytics (in-

memory
analytics)/Oracle
Exadata(OLAP)

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 Airline Network Planning | April 2013

Extended Functionality of the Solution

Summary

FAA NGATS and EUROCONTROL SESAR could be used to create

a data dictionary harmonized with US and European systems, and
to create SOA architecture based on standards which will facilitate
B2B data acquisition and dissemination. Introduction of OASIS,
rd
OGC compliant SOA architecture will make integration of 3 party
COTS/FOSS considerably easier and dramatically reduce the
amount of in-house program code to be written and maintained.
NGATS/SESAR data dictionaries, schemas, SOA interfaces do not
need to be fully implemented from the start. Some simplification of
data elements into the most important attributes for Network
Optimization tasks could take place initially. An example could be
using a leg route cost+duration database instead of a fully-blown
NGATS-compliant implementation. More information-rich datasets
could be introduced at later phases of the project and additional
benefits for Network Optimization will be realized.

Data-rich aeronautic systems and SWIM best practices

Data integration from different sources importance increases for use

cases when extended functionality/dataset coverage is required. A
wealth of public, subscription, and B2B data could be brought in-
house. The volume of data might call for a Big Data approach to
data persistence and the modeling layer. Therefore, MPP and/or
Hadoop solutions for data persistence and scale-out analytics
platforms could be considered.
The variety and volume of data includes more factors and data
dimensions to consider for modeling and forecasting. Many
concepts and trends explored in EUROCONTROL STATFOR
forecasting reports might need to be taken into consideration:

- Airlines capacities, new aircraft orders

- Delay statistics and root case analysis data across airlines and
airports
- Routes, airline alliances to be created/closed
- Airlines out of business, failed, lost license, etc.
- Financial data about airline performance
- Fuel prices, long-term peak oil forecasts
- Aircraft manufacturers dynamics

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 Airline Network Planning | April 2013

- Airport dynamics, restructuring, closures

- Regulatory changes
- Fare dynamics
- Alternative transportation availability and dynamics
- Passenger traffic patterns
- Demographic predictions
- Demand forecasts, demand excess over airport capacity
predictions
- Travel distance and aircraft size trends/forecasting
- Economy trends/forecasts for regions/countries
- Forecast models of external sources

Non-SOA Plan Optimization Collaboration Use Cases and

Solutions

Even though the SOA route of BPM orchestration is the most widely
accepted, it could come with a significant rework of internal
applications, depending on the current solutions in place. We had
demonstrated that Open Standard Data Architecture allows
enhancing BPM orchestration functionality with additional data
exchange merits. Still, business drivers might not justify narrow or
wide re-architecture of the system in some cases. Therefore, let‟s
mention other technologies which could help with Network Plan
Optimization use cases.
If data scientist collaboration is envisioned as important and
significant, then it might be worth considering the Chorus product.
Chorus is usually deployed as part of an EMC Greenplum stack.
Chorus allows Agile collaboration and answers most data science
challenges for airline network optimization tasks. Chorus could be
considered as a Sharepoint alternative which is very data-driven
and supports Agile collaboration. Chorus doesn‟t support BPM
(BPMN, BPEL) integration at this point.
The Oracle BPM Suite might also be considered as an excellent
alternative with perceived minimal changes to existing system.
Oracle is widely used for persistent layer in aeronautical
applications.

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 Airline Network Planning | April 2013

Conclusion

This document articulates a high-level solution approach to address

typical airline network optimization needs. We reviewed primarily
BPM orchestration within SOA architecture approach scenarios with
various degree of complexity and various level of harmonization with
Open Data Standards whenever relevant. Many factors could
decide the architectural path, and we are looking for an in-depth
examination of project specifics to fine-tune the proposed solution
approach further.

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 Airline Network Planning | April 2013

Addendum
Forecasting Considerations
EUROCONTROL STATFOR forecast models structure is important
to consider as a case study (please refer to diagram on page 30 of
(4)).
Such concepts/views might need to be trended on a global scale or
regional scale for a particular airline and competing airlines.
There are calls for “AIRPORT-COLLABORATIVE DECISION
MAKING” (A-CDM) facilitation by the Airports Council
International(ACI) (5). ACI plans to develop:
- a best practices guide for globally-harmonized A-CDM
implementation
- specifications for globally-harmonized A-CDM
- specifications for interchange of A-CDM data at airports with
other data exchange models for flight CDM such as AIXM,
WXXM and FIXM
The maturity of such harmonization efforts and data availability
forecasts needs to be aligned with business goals. Harmonized data
elements, data dictionaries and schemas could be introduced to
make an in-house solution more future-proof and ease the
complexities of leveraging external sources.
Business factors might be deemed important to be compatible with
data flows coming from FAA NGATS (Next Gen) sites. There are
eight existing “Metroplex” areas in the US which cover the busiest
aircraft traffic locales, while five more will be deployed in 2012/2013
(6). NGATS data are more relevant for short-term network traffic
optimization use cases, however a Big Data approach could mine
valuable information for long-term forecasting as well.
FAA NGATS deployment will introduce following systems:
 Automatic Dependent Surveillance Broadcast (ADS-B)
 Collaborative Air Traffic Management (CATM)
 System Wide Information Management (SWIM)
 Time-Based Flow Management (TBFM)
 En Route Automation Modernization (ERAM). (7)

The Federal NGATS/Next Gen development group envisions an

engagement between different products and technologies as
represented in the diagram on the page 12 of (8):

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 Airline Network Planning | April 2013

Federal NGATS/Next Gen development group states that Business

Process Model Notation (BPMN) diagram might be useful tool for
DoDAF operational views (9). Please note OV-* notation on the
diagram which refers to DoDAF views. Business Process
Management could be aided by modeling using BPMN and BPEL.
BPEL4WS could work together with WSDL for web services.
Business Process Execution Language (BPEL) and Business
Process Modeling Notation (BPMN) could be used in service
orchestration while placed into Enterprise Server Bus context (note
NGATS diagram depicted on page 3-6 of (10) )

Open Standards Data Architecture

Some concepts of NGATS designs could be considered for this

implementation whenever the current/future business value will
offset additional development complexity. NGATS development
models (prepared by MITRE) include a wide range of considerations
per NGATS Reference Model diagram depicted at page 18 of (11).
The NGATS Data Reference Model is of special interest since it can
facilitate integration with external data sources.
A proposed solution could re-use the Open Standards data
dictionary, data elements and schemas for entities in datasets used
for Network Optimization analytics whenever practical. Let‟s
consider following Data Architecture:
- Employ Aeronautical Information Management(AIM) Data
Models to enable data acquisition through information
exchanges:
- -- Aeronautical Information Exchange Model (AIXM)
- -- Aeronautical Information Exchange Model (AIXM)
- -- Airport Operations Information Exchange Model (ANXM)
- -- Weather Exchange Model (WXXM)
- -- Terrain Information Exchange Model (TIXM)
- Employ geo-spatial standards:
- -- Geography Markup Language (GML) and OGC-
compliance
- -- ISO 19100
- -- Geospatial Web Feature Services and Web Map Services
- Conform to World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)
specifications in using various XML technologies
- Conform to OASIS in SOA and Web Services

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 Airline Network Planning | April 2013

Let‟s consider gains in following these open standards:

- Easy integration with external sources feeds for analytics
- Some results of analytics could be fed back into exchanges
for AIRPORT-COLLABORATIVE DECISION MAKING"(A-
CDM) and other B2B channels
- Very simple integration with a plethora of spatial
visualization/analytical tools via GML/OGC, with
aeronautical visualization/analytical tools via *XM Exchange
Models
- Re-use of data architecture, design time savings

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 Airline Network Planning | April 2013

References

1. EUROCONTROL. [Online]
http://www.eurocontrol.int/dossiers/single-european-sky.

2. FAA Next Gen/NGATS. [Online] http://www.faa.gov/nextgen/.

3. SESAR. [Online] http://www.sesarju.eu/.

4. EUROCONTROL STATFOR long-term forecast, page 30. [Online]

http://www.eurocontrol.int/sites/default/files/content/documents
/official-documents/forecasts/long-term-forecast-2010-2030.pdf.

5. International(ACI), International Civil Aviation Organization

(ICAO)/Airports Council. AIRPORT-COLLABORATIVE DECISION
MAKING. [Online]
http://www.icao.int/Meetings/anconf12/WorkingPapers/ANConf
WP138.2.1.ENonly.pdf.

6. NEXT GENERATION AIR TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM, Page 4.

[Online] http://www.gao.gov/assets/650/648122.pdf.

7. NEXT GENERATION AIR TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM, Page 18.

[Online] http://www.gao.gov/assets/650/648122.pdf.

8. Community of Interest Engagement Process Plan, Next

Generation Air Transportation System, Page 12. [Online] Joint
Planning and Development Office.
http://www.jpdo.gov/library/20120202_COI_Engagement_Plan_FI
NAL.pdf.

9. Community of Interest Engagement Process Plan, Next

Generation Air Transportation System, Page 13. [Online] Joint
Planning and Development Office.
http://www.jpdo.gov/library/20120202_COI_Engagement_Plan_FI
NAL.pdf.

10. Report, MITRE Technical. SWIM Strawman Architecture, Page

3-6. [Online]
https://faaco.faa.gov/attachments/Attachment_C_Architecture.pd
f.

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 Airline Network Planning | April 2013

11. Anderson, John A. Next Generation Air Transportation System

(NGATS): Lessons-Learned Applying DoDAF on Multi-Agency
Architectures, Page 18. [Online] http://sstc-
online.org/2006/pdfs/JA1443.pdf.

Author Info
. Andriy has over 20 years of experience in the
areas of data management and software
development. Andriy is a Sr. Solution Architect
with HCL‟s ERS-SEG-TFG.

Some of his work includes:

- Led the Big Data infrastructure work at CMS

with Lockheed Martin. CMS is the world largest
medical insurance provider.

- Served as a product owner of national

“Transitions of Care” Reference Implementation
project with Lockheed Martin. This project
consolidated HIT community efforts to establish
next generation of HL7 data exchange standards
http://wiki.siframework.org/Transitions+of+Care+
%28ToC%29+Initiative

- In 1998-2000, Andriy designed NoSQL GIS

architecture with some MapReduce paradigms of
image processing which demonstrated very high
scalability/cost characteristics

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Hello, I’m from HCL’s Engineering and R&D Services. We enable
technology led organizations to go to market with innovative products
and solutions. We partner with our customers in building world class
products and creating associated solution delivery ecosystems to help
bring market leadership. We develop engineering products, solutions
and platforms across Aerospace and Defense, Automotive, Consumer
Electronics, Software, Online, Industrial Manufacturing, Medical
Devices, Networking & Telecom, Office Automation, Semiconductor
and Servers & Storage for our customers.
For more details contact [email protected]
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About HCL
About HCL Technologies
HCL Technologies is a leading global IT services company, working
with clients in the areas that impact and redefine the core of their
businesses. Since its inception into the global landscape after its IPO in
1999, HCL focuses on „transformational outsourcing‟, underlined by
innovation and value creation, and offers integrated portfolio of services
including software-led IT solutions, remote infrastructure management,
engineering and R&D services and BPO. HCL leverages its extensive
global offshore infrastructure and network of offices in 31 countries to
provide holistic, multi-service delivery in key industry verticals including
Financial Services, Manufacturing, Consumer Services, Public Services
and Healthcare. HCL takes pride in its philosophy of 'Employees First,
Customers Second' which empowers our 85,194 transformers to create
a real value for the customers. HCL Technologies, along with its
subsidiaries, has reported consolidated revenues of US$ 4.4 billion (Rs.
23499 crores), as on TTM ended Dec 31 '12.

For more information, please visit www.hcltech.com

About HCL Enterprise

HCL is a $6.2 billion leading global technology and IT enterprise
comprising two companies listed in India - HCL Technologies and HCL
Infosystems. Founded in 1976, HCL is one of India's original IT garage
start-ups. A pioneer of modern computing, HCL is a global
transformational enterprise today. Its range of offerings includes
product engineering, custom & package applications, BPO, IT
infrastructure services, IT hardware, systems integration, and
distribution of information and communications technology (ICT)
products across a wide range of focused industry verticals. The HCL
team consists of over 90,000 professionals of diverse nationalities, who
operate from 31 countries including over 500 points of presence in
India.

For more information, please visit www.hcl.com