Notes[edit]

^ Anisyutkin, N.K.; Kovalenko, S.I.; Burlacu, V.A.; Ocherednoi, A.K.; Chepalyga, A.L.
(2012). "Bairaki–a lower paleolithic site on the lower dniester". Archaeology, Ethnology and
Anthropology of Eurasia. 40 (1): 2–10. doi:10.1016/j.aeae.2012.05.002.

^ "Articles". paleogeo.org. Archived from the original on 20 May 2013. Retrieved 4 May 2018.

^ "Archaeology_2013_04.pdf". docviewer.yandex.ru. Retrieved 4 May 2018.

^ Iranica Antiqua,vol. XXXVII 2002 Archeological Transformations:Crossing the

Pastoral/Agricultural Bridge by Philip L. Khol

^ A.V. Boldur, Istoria Basarabiei, Editura Frunza, p.111-119

^ Soldier Khan Archived 2012-08-01 at the Wayback Machine, Mike Bennighof, Ph.D.

^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-12-19. Retrieved 2012-11-

28.

^ Milewski D., Mołdawia między Polską a Turcją. Hospodar Miron, 2014

^ For Basil Lupul see N.Norga "Byzance après Byzance", pp. 163–81

^ see Steven Runciman. "The Great Church in captivity" Edition 3, 1985 pp. 286–7, 341–3, 370

^ Hanioğlu, Şükrü (2008). A brief history of the late Ottoman empire. Princeton University
Press. p. 7. ISBN 978-0-691-13452-9.

^ Jump up to:a b Mitrasca, Marcel (2002). Moldova: a Romanian province under Russian rule  :

diplomatic history from the archives of the great powers. Algora Publishing. p. 6. ISBN 1-
892941-86-4.

^ Mitrasca, pp. 10–11.

^ Ion Nistor, Istoria Basarabiei, 4th edition, Cartea moldovenească, Chișinău, 1991, p. 179-189

^ Ion Nistor, p.190-191

^ Mitrasca, p. 23.

^ Leustean, Lucian, ed. (2009). Eastern Christianity and the Cold War, 1945–91. Routledge.
p. 213. ISBN 9780203865941.

^ Ion Nistor, p. 224-244

^ Ion Nistor, p. 249-255

^ "Mennonite-Nogai Economic Relations, 1825–1860". Archived from the original on 2013-01-
08. Retrieved 2009-09-01.

^ Figes, Orlando (2011). The Crimean War: A History. Macmillan.

p. 18. ISBN 9781429997249.

^ Marcel Mitrasca, Moldova: A Romanian Province Under Russian Rule, Algora, 2002, ISBN 1-

892941-86-4, pg. 25

^ Ion Nistor, Istoria Basarabiei, Cernăuți, 1921

^ "Jewish Moldova". Archived from the original on 2009-01-13.

^ Ion Nistor, p.197-214

^ Bessarabia by Charles Upson Clark, 1927, chapter 8 Archived 2012-12-12 at the Wayback

Machine: "Today, the Bulgarians form one of the most solid elements in Southern
Bessarabia, numbering (with the Gagauzes, i.e. Turkish-speaking Christians also from
the Dobrudja) nearly 150,000. Colonization brought in numerous Great Russian peasants,
and the Russian bureaucracy imported Russian office-holders and professional men;
according to the Romanian estimate of 1920, the Great Russians were about 75,000 in
number (2.9%), and the Lipovans and Cossacks 59,000 (2.2%); the Little Russians
(Ukrainians) came to 254,000 (9.6%). That, plus about 10,000 Poles, brings the total
number of Slavs to 545,000 in a population of 2,631,000, or about one-fifth"

^ Ion Nistor, Istoria Bassarabiei, Cernăuți, 1921

^ (in German) Flavius Solomon, Die Republik Moldau und ihre Minderheiten (Länderlexikon),

in: Ethnodoc-Datenbank für Minderheitenforschung in Südostosteuropa, p. 52

^ "Bessarabia  by Charles Upson Clark, 1927, chapter 7". Archived from the original on 2009-
01-11.

^ Mitrasca, pp. 28–29

^ (in Romanian) "Activitatea legislativă a Sfatului Țării și autodeterminarea Basarabiei" ("The

Legislative Activity of Sfatul Țării and the Self-determination of Bessarabia") Archived 2011-
07-22 at the Wayback Machine, Literatura și Arta, 11 September 2008

^ (in Romanian) Corneliu Chirieș, "90 de ani de la Unirea Basarabiei cu România" ("90 Years

Since the Union of Bessarabia with Romania") Archived 2009-03-18 at the Wayback
Machine, Observator de Bacău, 23 March 2008

^ Ion Nistor, Istoria Basarabiei, 4th edition, Chișinău, Cartea moldovenească, 1991, p. 281

^ Petre P. Panaitescu, Istoria Românilor, 7th edition, Editura didactică și pedagogică,

București, 1990, p. 322

^ Pantelimon Halippa, Anatolie Moraru, Testament pentru urmași, München, 1967, reprint

Hyperion, Chișinău, 1991, pp. 82–86
^ Charles Upson Clark, "Bessarabia", Chapter XIX, New York, 1926, Chapter
19 Archived 2011-02-23 at Wikiwix

^ P.Halippa, A.Moraru, Testament pentru urmasi, 2nd edition, Hyperion, Chișinău, 1991, p.85-
87

^ Cristina Petrescu, "Contrasting/Conflicting Identities:Bessarabians, Romanians, Moldovans"

in Nation-Building and Contested Identities, Polirom, 2001, pg. 156

^ King, C. The Moldovans: Romania, Russia and the Politics of Culture, Hoover Institution
Press, 2000, pg. 35

^ Jump up to:a b Dascăl, Octavian (2010). "Scurte considerații privind modernizarea Basarabiei în

primul deceniu interbelic (1918–1928). Pe marginea unei recente apariții editoriale la
Chișinău" (PDF). Revista Arhivelor. National Archives of Romania. 87 (1): 183–
205. ISSN 1453-1755. Retrieved 4 January 2014.

^ Jump up to:a b Alberto Basciani, "La Difficile unione. La Bessarabia e la Grande Romania", Aracne,
2007, pg. 118

^ Charles King, "The Moldovans: Romania, Russia, and the Politics of Culture", Hoover Press,
2000, pg. 35

^ J.C. Johari (2000). Soviet Diplomacy 1925–41. Anmol Publications PVT. LTD., 2000, pp. 99–
101. ISBN 978-81-7488-491-6. Retrieved 16 September 2010.

^ Malbone W. Graham (October 1944). "The Legal Status of the Bukovina and

Bessarabia". The American Journal of International Law. American Society of International
Law. 38 (4): 667–673. doi:10.2307/2192802. JSTOR 2192802.

^ Ioan Bulei (March 1998). "Roma, 1924–1927". Magazin Istoric. Fundația Culturală Magazin

Istoric (3). Archived from the original on 2007-10-17. Retrieved 2008-02-26.

^ King, Charles (2000). The Moldovans: Romania, Russia, and the politics of culture. Hoover
Institution Press. p. 39. ISBN 9780817997922. Retrieved 21 April 2014.

^ Wayne S Vucinich, Bessarabia In: Collier's Encyclopedia (Crowell Collier and MacMillan Inc.,

1967) vol. 4, p. 103

^ "Moldova". Archived from the original on 2017-02-02. Retrieved 4 May 2018.

^ Prusin, Alexander (2010). The Lands Between: Conflict in the East European Borderlands,
1870–1992. Oxford University Press. p. 101. ISBN 978-0-19-929753-5. Retrieved 16
September 2010.

^ Jump up to:a b Cristina Petrescu, "Contrasting/Conflicting Identities: Bessarabians, Romanians,

Moldovans" in Nation-Building and Contested Identities, Polirom, 2001, pg. 159

^ Charles King, The Moldovans: Romania, Russia, and the politics of culture, Hoover Institution
Press, Stanford University, 2000. ISBN 0-8179-9792-X. p. 23
^ Charles King, The Moldovans: Romania, Russia, and the politics of culture, Hoover Institution
Press, Stanford University, 2000. ISBN 0-8179-9792-X. p. 44

^ "History". mnam.md. Archived from the original on 2017-04-01. Retrieved 2017-03-29.

^ Airline companies in Rumania (1918–1945)[permanent dead link]

^ Charles King, The Moldovans: Romania, Russia, and the Politics of Culture, Hoover
Institution Press, Stanford University, 2000. ISBN 0-8179-9792-X. p. 181

^ Nagy-Talavera, Nicolas M. (1970). Green Shirts and Others: a History of Fascism in Hungary

and Romania. p. 305.

^ Charles King, The Moldovans: Romania, Russia, and the Politics of Culture, Hoover
Institution Press, Stanford University, 2000. ISBN 0-8179-9792-X. p. 94

^ (in Romanian) Tismăneanu Report Archived 2008-04-08 at the Wayback Machine, pages

584 and 587

^ (in Romanian) Comisia Prezidențială pentru Analiza Dictaturii Comuniste din România:

Raport Final / ed.: Vladimir Tismăneanu, Dorin Dobrincu, Cristian Vasile, București:
Humanitas, 2007, 879 pp., ISBN 978-973-50-1836-8 (Tismăneanu Report)

^ (in Romanian) Comisia prezidențială pentru alaliza dictaturii comuniste din România. Raport
final.Humanitas, București, 2008, p. 585, see also electronic version Archived 2008-04-08
at the Wayback Machine

^ Ian Sinclair, Boundaries in Daniel Bardonnet, Hague Academy of International Law, Le

règlement pacifique des différends internationaux en Europe, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers,
Hague, 1991, ISBN 0-7923-1573-1, p.36

^ Charles King, The Moldovans: Romania, Russia, and the politics of culture, Hoover Institution
Press, Stanford University, 2000. ISBN 0-8179-9792-X, p.91

^ Aleksei Georgievich Arbatov, Managing Conflict in the Former Soviet Union: Russian and
American Perspectives, MIT Press, 1997, ISBN 0-262-51093-6, p. 154-155.

^ Tismaneanu Report, p. 755-758

^ Charles King, The Moldovans: Romania, Russia, and the politics of culture, Hoover Institution
Press, Stanford University, 2000. ISBN 0-8179-9792-X. p. 96

^ Tismaneanu Report, p. 758

^ Comisia Prezidențială pentru Analiza Dictaturii Comuniste din România: Raport Final / ed.:
Vladimir Tismăneanu, Dorin Dobrincu, Cristian Vasile, București: Humanitas,
2007, ISBN 978-973-50-1836-8, p. 754 (in Romanian)

^ Elena Șișcanu, Basarabia sub ergimul bolşevic (1940–1952), București, Ed. Semne, 1998,
p.111 (in Romanian)
^ E.S. Lazo, Moldavskaya partiynaya organizatsia v gody stroitelstva sotsializma(1924–1940),
Chișinău, Știința, 1981, p. 38

^ William Crowther, "Ethnicity and Participation in the Communist Party of Moldavia", in Journal
of Soviet Nationalities I, no. 1990, p. 148-49

^ King, p. 121

^ Architecture of Chișinău Archived 2010-05-13 at the Wayback Machine on Kishinev.info,

Retrieved on 2008-10-12

^ Jump up to:a b "Romanian Nationalism in the Republic of Moldova Archived 2007-09-27 at

the Wayback Machine" by Andrei Panici, American University in Bulgaria, 2002; pages 39–
41

^ Political Parties Archived 2006-10-06 at the Wayback Machine, Fedor, Helen, ed. Moldova: A

Country Study. GPO for the Library of Congress, Washington, D.C., 1995

^ Jump up to:a b c "Ethnicity and power in the contemporary world" Chapter 5, "Dynamics of the
Moldova Trans-Dniester ethnic conflict (late 1980s to early 1990s)" – From declaring
sovereignty to declaring independence Archived 2010-05-27 at the Wayback
Machine, Kumar Rupesinghe and Valery A. Tishkov, United Nations University Press, 1996

^ (in Russian) "О положении национальных меньшинств в Республике

Молдова" Archived 2008-10-23 at the Wayback Machine human rights assessment
by Memorial, May, 1992

^ Roberts, Adam; Garton Ash, Timothy (2009). Civil Resistance and Power Politics: The
experience of Non-violent Action from Gandhi to the Present. Oxford University Press.
pp. 109–110. ISBN 9780199552016.

^ Jump up to:a b "6 The august 1991 coup attempt and the transition to
independence". unu.edu. Archived from the original on 10 March 2009. Retrieved 4
May 2018.

^ Statement by H.E. Mr. Andrei Stratan at the General Debate of the Sixty Second Session of
the UN General Assembly, New-York, 1 October 2007 Archived 5 October 2008 at
the Wayback Machine: "I would like to reiterate on this occasion the position of the Republic
of Moldova according to which the withdrawal of the Russian troops that remain on the
Moldovan territory against its will, in conformity with the obligations assumed by the
Russian Federation in 1999 in Istanbul, would create the necessary premises for ratifying
and applying the Adapted CFE Treaty."

^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2007-12-04. Retrieved 2009-09-

01. Jamestown: "Moldovan President wants out of Russia's orbit"

^ Jump up to:a b c d e f g (in Romanian) Horia C. Matei, "State lumii. Enciclopedie de istorie." Meronia,

București, 2006, p. 292-294

^ Republic of Moldova Archived 2010-07-02 at the Wayback Machine at data.un.org

^ "Moldova: Information Campaign to Increase the Efficiency of Remittance Flows".
International Organization for Migration. 10 December 2008.[permanent dead link]

^ Helen Fedor, ed. Moldova: A Country Study Archived 2010-11-21 at the Wayback

MachineWashington: GPO for the Library of Congress, 1995.

^ alegeri.md: "About Gagauz ATU" Archived 2011-07-22 at the Wayback Machine

^ BBC News: "Forced Russian lessons spark Moldova protest " Archived 2016-03-04 at

the Wayback Machine, 9 January 2002

^ Dr. Mihai Gribincea: "Russian troops in Transnistria – a threat to the security of the Republic
of MoldovaArchived 2013-05-12 at the Wayback Machine"

^ "Moldova-EU Action Plan Approved by European Commission". www.azi.md. December 14,

2004. Archived from the original on December 4, 2007. Retrieved July 2, 2007.

^ "EU/Moldova Action Plan" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2009-08-15.

^ Jump up to:a b BBC: "Romania blamed over Moldova riots Archived 2009-04-09 at the Wayback

Machine", 8 April 2009

^ SevenTimes.ro: "Supporting actions for Moldova's riot" Archived 2010-01-21 at the Wayback

Machine, 08 April 2009

^ Jump up to:a b "The protest initiative group: LDPM is the guilty one for the devastations in the
Chișinău downtown[permanent dead link]", April 08, 2009

^ Al Jazeera English: "Violent protests after Moldova poll Archived 2009-04-10 at the Wayback

Machine", 7 April 2009.

^ OSCE press release: "OSCE Mission to Moldova condemns post-election violence and
appeals to all sides for restraint Archived 2009-10-05 at the Wayback Machine"

^ "Moldova: MEPs condemn grave violations of human rights following parliamentary

elections". Archived from the original on 2009-05-13.

^ "Moldova parliament fails to elect president, crisis deepens".

^ Harding, Luke (30 July 2009). "Moldova votes out Europe's last ruling Communists". the
Guardian. Archived from the original on 8 March 2018. Retrieved 4 May 2018.

^ "Moldovan Parliament Sets Presidential Election For March 16". Rferl.org. 7 March
2012. Archivedfrom the original on 15 March 2012. Retrieved 16 March 2012.

^ Washington Post, Moldova elects pro-European judge Timofti as president, ending 3 years of

political deadlock Archived 2012-03-17 at the Wayback Machine

^ Balmforth, Richard (1 December 2014). "Moldova set to press on with pro-Europe course

after election". Reuters. Archived from the original on 23 October 2015. Retrieved 4
May 2018.
 ^ "Pro-Russia candidate Igor Dodon to win Moldova presidential election | DW | 13.11.2016".

^ Reuters

^ https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/14/world/europe/moldova-new-government.htm

^ "Moldova's Parliament Backs Ion Chicu as New PM". 14 November 2019.

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November 2020.

^ "Moldovan parliament confirms Gavrilita as president's choice for new PM". 6 August 2021.
Wikimedia Commons
has media related
to History of
Moldova.

Further reading[edit]
Brezianu, Andrei, and Vlad Spânu. The A to Z of Moldova (Scarecrow
Press, 2010).

Chinn, Jeff, and Steven D. Roper. "Ethnic mobilization and reactive

nationalism: The case of Moldova." Nationalities papers 23.2 (1995):
291-325 online.

King, Charles. The Moldovans: Romania, Russia, and the Politics of

Culture (Hoover Institution Press, 2000).

Lutsevych, Orysia. How to finish a revolution: Civil society and

democracy in Georgia, Moldova and Ukraine (Chatham House, 2013).

Mitrasca, Marcel. Moldova: A Romanian Province Under Russian

Rule (Algora, 2002).

Quinlan, Paul D. "Moldova under Lucinschi." Demokratizatsiya 10.1

(2002): 83-103.

RAND, Russia’s Hostile Measures: Combating Russian Gray Zone

Aggression Against NATO in the Contact, Blunt, and Surge Layers of
Competition (2020) online on Transnistria
 Way, Lucan A. "Authoritarian state building and the sources of regime
competitiveness in the fourth wave: The cases of Belarus, Moldova,
Russia, and Ukraine." World Politics 57.2 (2005): 231-261.

Way, Lucan A. "Weak states and pluralism: The case of Moldova." East

European Politics and Societies 17.03 (2003): 454-482. online

External links[edit]
The Republic of Moldova: An Historical Background, Survey by Dr.
Vasile Nedelciuc

History of Moldova: Primary Documents

Istoria Moldovei
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