NSW Education Standards Authority

2020 HSC Mathematics Extension 1

Marking Guidelines

Section I

Multiple-choice Answer Key

Question Answer
1 A
2 C
3 D
4 B
5 C
6 D
7 A
8 C
9 B
10 A

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Section II

Question 11 (a) (i)

Criteria Marks
• Provides correct solution 1

Sample answer:

P ( 2 ) = 23 + 3 ( 2 )2 − 13 ( 2 ) + 6
=0

Question 11 (a) (ii)

Criteria Marks
• Provides correct solution 2
• Attempts to divide by x − 2, or equivalent merit 1

Sample answer:

x 2 + 5x − 3
x − 2 x 3 + 3x 2 − 13x + 6
x 3 − 2x 2
5x 2 − 13x
5x 2 − 10x
−3x + 6
−3x + 6
0

( )(
∴ P ( x ) = x − 2 x 2 + 5x − 3 )

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Question 11 (b)
Criteria Marks
• Provides correct solution 3
• Evaluates the dot product and sets it equal to 0, or equivalent value 2
• Writes a dot product = 0, or equivalent merit 1

Sample answer:
Since the vectors are perpendicular,

⎛ a ⎞ ⎛ 2a − 3⎞
0 = ⎜ ⎟ ⋅⎜
⎝ −1⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎟⎠
0 = 2a 2 − 3a − 2
0 = ( 2a + 1) ( a − 2 )
1
a=− or 2
2

Question 11 (c)
Criteria Marks
• Provides correct sketch 3
• Provides a sketch with some correct features 2
1
• Marks asymptotes at x = −2 or 2, or marks local maximum at y = − ,
3 1
or equivalent merit

Sample answer:

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Question 11 (d)
Criteria Marks
• Provides correct solution 4
• Correctly writes 3 sin x + 3cos x in the form Asin ( x + α ) and finds one 3
solution
• Finds A and α, or equivalent merit 2
• Finds the value of A, or equivalent merit 1

Sample answer:
3 sin x + 3cos x = Asin ( x + α )
= Asin x cos α + Acos x sin α

∴ Acos α = 3 (1)

Asin α = 3 ( 2
)

3 π
dividing, tan α = = 3 ⇒ α= .
3 3

∴ Acos = 3
⇒
A = 2 3

3
π

∴
3 sin x + 3cos x = 2 3 sin ⎛ x + ⎞
⎝
3
⎠

so 2 3 sin ⎛ x + ⎞ =
3

⎝
3
⎠

π
1

sin ⎛ x + ⎞ =

⎝
3
⎠
2

π
π
5π 13π

x+ = , , ,
3 6 6 6
π
11π
x= , given 0 ≤ x ≤ 2π .
2 6

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Question 11 (e)
Criteria Marks
• Provides correct solution 2
dx
• Rewrites as = e −2 y , or equivalent merit 1
dy

Sample answer:
dy
= e2 y
dx
dx
= e −2 y
dy

⌠
x = ⎮ e −2 y dy
⌡
1
= − e −2 y + C
2

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NESA 2020 HSC Mathematics Extension 1 Marking Guidelines

Question 12 (a)
Criteria Marks
• Provides correct solution 3
• Proves inductive step by assuming true for k (or equivalent) and using
2
that assumption to show true for k + 1, or equivalent merit
• Verifies base case, n = 1, or equivalent merit 1

Sample answer:

(1 × 2 ) + ( 2 × 5) + ( 3 × 8 ) + ! + n ( 3n − 1) = n 2 ( n + 1)

For n = 1 LHS = 1 (2) RHS = 1 (2)

=2 =2

∴ Statement is true for n = 1

Assume statement true for n = k, that is,

(1 × 2 ) + ( 2 × 5) + ( 3 × 8 ) + ! + k ( 3k − 1) = k 2 ( k + 1)

Prove true for n = k + 1

That is, we show that

(1 × 2 ) + ( 2 × 5) + ! + k ( 3k − 1) + ( k + 1)( 3( k + 1) − 1) = ( k + 1)2 ( k + 2 )

LHS = k 2 ( k + 1) + ( k + 1)( 3k + 2 )

( )(
= k + 1 k 2 + 3k + 2 )
= ( k + 1)( k + 1)( k + 2 )

= ( k + 1)2 ( k + 2 )
= RHS

∴ By the principle of mathematical induction the statement is true for n ≥ 1.

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Question 12 (b) (i)

Criteria Marks
• Provides correct answer 1

Sample answer:
E ( X ) = np
3
= 100 ×
5
= 60

Question 12 (b) (ii)

Criteria Marks
• Provides correct solution 1

Sample answer:

σ = np (1 − p )

3 2
= 100 × ×
5 5

= 24

=! 5
!

Question 12 (b) (iii)

Criteria Marks
• Provides correct solution 1

Sample answer:
P ( 55 ≤ X ≤ 65) = P ( −1 ≤ Z ≤ 1)
! 68%

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Question 12 (c)
Criteria Marks
• Provides correct explanation 2
⎛ 8⎞ 400
• Evaluates ⎜ ⎟ , or obtains the expression , or equivalent merit
⎝ 3⎠ ⎛ 8⎞ 1
⎜⎝ 3⎟⎠

Sample answer:

⎛ 8⎞ 400
There are ⎜ ⎟ = 56 possible choices of 3 topics and = 7.14.
⎝ 3⎠ 56

As there are 56 possible combinations, we can have at most 392 students without exceeding 7
students per combination. But we have 400 students, so at least one combination has 8 or
more students.

Question 12 (d)
Criteria Marks
• Provides correct solution 3
• Finds correct primitive, or equivalent merit 2
• Uses product to sum result, or equivalent merit 1

Sample answer:
π π
⌠2 1 ⌠2
⎮ cos5x sin3x dx = ⎮ 2 ( sin8x − sin 2x ) dx
⌡0 ⌡0
π
⎡ 1 cos8x cos 2x ⎞ ⎤ 2
= ⎢ ⎛− +
⎣2⎝ 8 2 ⎠ ⎥⎦ 0

1 ⎛ 1 1⎞ 1 1 1
= − − − ⎛− + ⎞
2 ⎝ 8 2⎠ 2 ⎝ 8 2⎠
1
=−
2

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Question 12 (e)
Criteria Marks
• Provides correct solution 3
• Obtains x 2 + y 2 = constant, or equivalent merit 2
• Separates the variable, or equivalent merit 1

Sample answer:
dy −x
=
dx y

⌠ ⌠
Separating variables, ⎮ y dy = ⎮ −x dx
⌡ ⌡

y 2 −x 2
∴ = +c
2 2
x 2 + y 2 = d, where d = 2c

The curve passes through (1, 0)

So d = 12 + 02 = 1

Hence the equation of D is

x2 + y2 = 1 (unit circle)

Question 13 (a) (i)

Criteria Marks
• Provides correct derivative 1

Sample answer:
d
dθ
( )
sin3 θ = 3sin 2 θ cosθ

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Question 13 (a) (ii)

Criteria Marks
• Provides correct solution 4
• Obtains correctly simplified integrand in terms of sin θ and cosθ ,
3
or equivalent merit
• Correctly substitutes and attempts to simplify (ignoring limits),
2
or equivalent merit
• Uses given substitution, or equivalent merit 1

Sample answer:
Let x = tan θ

dx
= sec 2 θ
dθ

At x = 0, θ=0
π
at x = 1, θ=
4
π

1
⌠ ⌠ 4

x2 tan 2θ
∴ ⎮
5 dx = ⎮ 5 sec 2 θ dθ
⎮ ⎮
(
⌡0 1 + x 2 ) 2 (
⌡0 1 + tan 2 θ ) 2

π
⌠ 4 tan 2θ
= ⎮ 3 dθ
⌡0 sec θ
π
⌠ 4 sin 2 θ 3
= ⎮ 2 cos θ dθ
⌡0 cos θ
π
⌠4
= ⎮ sin 2θ cosθ dθ
⌡0
π
1
= ⎢⎡ sin3θ ⎤⎥
4
by part (i)
⎣3 ⎦0
3
1 ⎛ 2⎞
= ×⎜
3 ⎝ 2 ⎟⎠

2 2
=
3 × 23

2
=
12

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Question 13 (b)
Criteria Marks
• Provides correct solution 4
• Obtains a correct expression for the volume and uses a double-angle
3
formula, or equivalent merit
• Finds point of intersection and writes volume as a difference of volumes
OR
2
• Finds point of intersection and finds volume generated by y = sin x ,
or equivalent merit
• Finds point of intersection, or writes volume as a difference of two
1
volumes, or equivalent merit
Sample answer:
The curves intersect when

cos 2x = sin x
1 − 2sin 2 x = sin x
2sin 2 x + sin x − 1 = 0
( 2sin x − 1)( sin x + 1) = 0
1
∴ sin x = , ( sin x ≠ −1) .
2
π
∴ x=
6
The volume is given by
π π
⌠6 ⌠6
V = π ⎮ cos2 2x dx − π ⎮ sin 2 x dx
⌡0 ⌡0
⎛ π π π ⎞ ⎞
⌠ 6 1 + cos 4x ⌠ 6⌠
1 − 1 −
6 cos cos
2x 2x
=
π ⎜ ⎮ dx⎮− ⎮ dx dx ⎟
⎟
⎜⌡ 2
⌡0 ⌡0 2 2
⎟
⎟
⎝
0 ⎠ ⎠
π
⎡ sin 4x x x sin 2x ⎤ 6
= π⎢ + − +
⎣ 8 2 2 4 ⎦⎥ 0
⎛
sin 2π sin π
⎞

=
π
⎜⎜ 3 + 3⎟
8 4
⎟
⎜⎝
⎟⎠

π⎛ 3 ⎞
= ⎜ + 3⎟
8⎝ 2 ⎠
3π 3
=
16

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Question 13 (c) (i)

Criteria Marks
• Provides correct solution 4
• Obtains one correct derivative and makes some progress towards
3
obtaining the other, or equivalent merit
• Obtains one correct derivative or attempts both, or equivalent merit 2
• Attempts one derivative, or equivalent merit 1

Sample answer:
−1
(
ƒ ′( x ) = sec 2 cos−1 x ⋅ ) 1 − x2
1 −1
= ⋅
2−1
cos cos x ( 1 − x2 )
−1
=
x2 1 − x2

x
− × x − 1 − x2 × 1
2
g ′( x ) = 1− x
x2

=
− x2 − 1 − x2 ( )
x2 1 − x2
−1
=
x2 1 − x2

∴ ƒ ′( x ) = g′( x )

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Question 13 (c) (ii)

Criteria Marks
• Provides correct solution for both parts of the domain 3
• Provides a correct solution for one part of the domain, or equivalent merit 2
• Observes that ƒ ( x ) – g( x ) is a constant, or equivalent merit 1

Sample answer:
−1
ƒ ′( x ) = = g′( x )
2
x 1 − x2

And so ƒ ′( x ) − g′( x ) = 0

⇒ f ( x ) − g( x ) is a constant

For x < 0, say x = −1

1 − ( −1)2
(
f ( −1) − g( −1) = tan cos−1 ( −1) − ) ( −1)
= tan (π ) + 0

=0

So for x < 0, ƒ ( x ) = g( x ) .

For x > 0, say x = 1 ,

1 − (1)2
(
ƒ (1) − g (1) = tan cos−1 (1) − ) (1)
= tan ( 0 ) + 0

=0

So for x > 0, ƒ ( x ) = g( x )

So for all x in the domain

ƒ ( x ) = g( x )

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Question 14 (a) (i)

Criteria Marks
• Provides correct solution 2
n 1
• Identifies coefficient of x on the left hand side, or equivalent merit

Sample answer:

⎛ 2n ⎞
The left hand side is ⎜ ⎟ which is the coefficient of xn in the expansion of (1 + x )
2n
.
⎝ n⎠
⎛ n⎞ ⎛ n⎞ ⎛ n⎞ ⎛ n⎞ ⎛ n⎞ ⎛ n⎞
This means that ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ + ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ + ! + ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ should be the coefficient of xn in the expansion
⎝ 0⎠ ⎝ 0 ⎠ ⎝ 1 ⎠ ⎝ 1⎠ ⎝ n⎠ ⎝ n⎠
of (1 + x ) (1 + x ) .
n n

⎛ n⎞
The first term, ⎜ ⎟ is the constant term in the expansion of (1 + x ) and so should be multiplied by
n
⎝ 0⎠
⎛ n⎞ ⎛ n ⎞ ⎛ n⎞
is equal to the coefficient of xn in the expansion (1 + x ) .
n
an xn term. But ⎜ ⎟ = ⎜ =
⎝ 0⎠ ⎝ n − 0⎠⎟ ⎜⎝ n⎠⎟
2
⎛ n⎞
Thus ⎜ ⎟ is the coefficient of the xn term that comes from the constant in the expansion of
⎝ 0⎠
(1 + x )n times the coefficient of the xn term in the expansion of (1 + x )n .
2
⎛ n⎞
Similarly ⎜ ⎟ is the coefficient of the xn term that comes from the coefficient of
⎝ 1⎠
x term in the expansion of (1 + x ) times the coefficient of the x n−1 term in the expansion of
n

(1 + x )n .

Therefore, the right hand side is the coefficient of the xn term in the expansion of (1 + x ) (1 + x ) .
n n

OR

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Question 14 (a) (i) (continued)

⎛ 2n ⎞
The coefficient of xn in expansion of (1 + x )2n is ⎜ ⎟ .
⎝ n⎠

The coefficient of xn in (1 + x )n (1 + x )n is

⎛ n⎞ ⎛ n⎞ ⎛ n⎞ ⎛ n ⎞ ⎛ n⎞ ⎛ n ⎞ ⎛ n⎞ ⎛ n⎞
= ⎜ ⎟⎜ ⎟ +⎜ ⎟⎜ + ! + + ! + ⎜⎝ n⎠⎟ ⎜⎝ 0⎠⎟
⎝ 0 ⎠ ⎝ n⎠ ⎝ 1⎠ ⎝ n − 1⎠⎟ ⎜⎝ k⎠⎟ ⎜⎝ n − k⎠⎟

⎛ n ⎞ ⎛ n⎞
But ⎜ =
⎝ n − k⎠⎟ ⎜⎝ k⎠⎟

⎛ n⎞ ⎛ n⎞ ⎛ n⎞ ⎛ n⎞ ⎛ n⎞ ⎛ n⎞
So the coefficient is ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ + ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ + ! + ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 0 ⎠ ⎝ 0⎠ ⎝ 1 ⎠ ⎝ 1⎠ ⎝ n⎠ ⎝ n⎠

2 2 2
⎛ 2n ⎞ ⎛ n ⎞ ⎛ n⎞ ⎛ n⎞
Hence ⎜ ⎟ = ⎜ ⎟ + ⎜ ⎟ + ! + ⎜ ⎟
⎝ n ⎠ ⎝ 0⎠ ⎝ 1⎠ ⎝ n⎠

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Question 14 (a) (ii)

Criteria Marks
• Provides correct solution 2
⎛ n⎞ ⎛ n⎞
• Explains why one of the terms is ⎜ ⎟ × ⎜ ⎟ , or equivalent merit 1
⎝ k⎠ ⎝ k⎠

Sample answer:
We can choose:
2
⎛ n⎞ ⎛ n⎞ ⎛ n⎞
0 men and 0 women in ⎜⎝ 0 ⎟⎠ ⎜⎝ 0 ⎟⎠ = ⎜⎝ 0 ⎟⎠ ways
2
⎛ n⎞
or 1 man and 1 woman in ⎜⎝ 1 ⎟⎠ ways
·
·
·
2
⎛ n⎞
or n men and n women in ⎜⎝ n ⎟⎠ ways

Hence the total number of ways is

2 2
⎛ n⎞ ⎛ n⎞ ⎛ 2n ⎞
⎜⎝ 0⎠⎟ + ! + ⎜⎝ n⎠⎟ = ⎜⎝ n ⎟⎠ from part (i)

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Question 14 (a) (iii)

Criteria Marks
• Provides correct solution 2
2
⎛ n⎞
• Explains why one of the terms is k 2 ⎜ ⎟ , or equivalent merit 1
⎝ k⎠

Sample answer:

⎛ n⎞
We can choose 1 woman and 1 leader in ⎜ ⎟ × 1 ways and similarly for the men. This gives
⎝ 1⎠
2
⎛ n⎞ ⎛ n⎞ ⎛ n⎞ 2
⎜⎝ 1 ⎟⎠ × 1 × ⎜⎝ 1 ⎠⎟ × 1 = ⎜⎝ 1⎠⎟ × 1 for this case.

⎛ n ⎞ ⎛ 2⎞ ⎛ n ⎞
We can choose 2 women and 1 leader in ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ = ⎜ ⎟ × 2 ways and similarly for the men.
⎝ 2⎠ ⎝ 1⎠ ⎝ 2⎠
2
⎛ n⎞ ⎛ n⎞ ⎛ n⎞
This gives ⎜ ⎟ × 2 × ⎜ ⎟ × 2 = ⎜ ⎟ × 22 for this case.
⎝ 2⎠ ⎝ 2⎠ ⎝ 2⎠

·
·
·

⎛ n⎞ ⎛ n⎞ ⎛ n⎞
We can choose n women and 1 leader in ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ = ⎜ ⎟ × n ways and similarly for the men.
⎝ n⎠ ⎝ 1⎠ ⎝ n ⎠
2
⎛ n⎞ ⎛ n⎞ ⎛ n⎞
This gives ⎜ ⎟ × n × ⎜ ⎟ × n = ⎜ ⎟ × n 2 for this case.
⎝ n⎠ ⎝ n⎠ ⎝ n⎠

2⎛
n⎞ 2 n 2
2⎛ ⎞
n 2
2⎛ ⎞
And so the total is 1 ⎜ ⎟ + 2 ⎜ ⎟ + ! + n ⎜ ⎟ .
⎝ 1⎠ ⎝ 2⎠ ⎝ n⎠

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NESA 2020 HSC Mathematics Extension 1 Marking Guidelines

Question 14 (a) (iv)

Criteria Marks
• Provides correct solution 2
• Recognises that choosing the leaders first reduces the problem to using
1
part (ii) with n – 1 women and n – 1 men, or equivalent merit

Sample answer:
There are n ways to choose a woman leader, leaving (n – 1) women from which to choose.

There are n ways to choose a man leader, leaving (n – 1) men from which to choose.

⎛ 2 ( n − 1)⎞
By part (ii) there are ⎜ ways to choose the (n – 1) women and (n – 1) men.
⎝ ( n − 1) ⎟⎠

2⎛
n⎞ 2 n 2
2⎛ ⎞
n 2
2⎛ ⎞ ⎛ 2n − 2⎞
Hence 1 ⎜ ⎟ + 2 ⎜ ⎟ + ! + n ⎜ ⎟ = n 2 ⎜
⎝ n − 1 ⎟⎠
.
⎝ 1⎠ ⎝ 2⎠ ⎝ n⎠

Question 14 (b) (i)

Criteria Marks
• Provides correct solution 2
• Expands sin ( 2θ + θ ) , or equivalent merit 1

Sample answer:
sin3θ = sin ( 2θ + θ )
= sin 2θ cosθ + cos 2θ sin θ
( )
= 2sin θ cos2θ + 1 − 2sin 2θ sin θ

= 2sin θ (1 − sin 2θ ) + sin θ − 2sin3θ

= 3sin θ − 4sin3θ
∴ 4sin3θ − 3sin θ + sin ( 3θ ) = 0
3 sin ( 3θ )
∴ sin3θ − sin θ + =0
4 4

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Question 14 (b) (ii)

Criteria Marks
• Provides correct solution 2
3 8
• Obtains sin3 θ − sin θ + = 0, or equivalent merit 1
4 64

Sample answer:

x 3 − 12x + 8 = 0
x = 4sin θ , so
64sin3θ − 48sin θ + 8 = 0
3 8
∴ sin3 θ − sin θ + =0
4 64

comparing with (i),

8 sin3θ 32 1
= ⇒ sin3θ = = .
64 4 64 2

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NESA 2020 HSC Mathematics Extension 1 Marking Guidelines

Question 14 (b) (iii)

Criteria Marks
• Provides correct proof 3
• Obtains all the roots of the cubic, or equivalent merit 2
π
• Obtains 4sin as a solution of the cubic in part (b) (ii), or equivalent
18 1
merit

Sample answer:
1
From sin3θ =
2

π 5π π 5π π

we have 3θ = , , + 2π , + 2π , + 4π ,…
6 6 6 6 6

π 5π 13π 17π 25π

θ= , , , , ,…
18 18 18 18 18

π 5π 13π
So 4sin , 4sin , 4sin etc are roots of the cubic, but they are not all distinct.
18 18 18

π 5π
The angles and are distinct angles in the first quadrant and so have different positive
18 18
25π
sine values. The angle is in the third quadrant and so has a negative sine value. Hence
18
π 5π 25π
we can take α = 4sin , β = 4sin , γ = 4sin as 3 distinct roots,
18 18 18
Now α 2 + β 2 + γ 2 = (α + β + γ ) − 2 (αβ + αγ + βγ )
2

= 0 2 + 2 × 12

= 24

π 5π 25π ⎞
∴ 16 ⎛ sin 2 + sin 2 + sin 2 = 24

⎝ 18 18 18
⎠

π 5π 25π 24 3
∴ sin 2 + sin 2 + si n 2 = = .
18 18 18 16 2

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NESA 2020 HSC Mathematics Extension 1 Marking Guidelines

2020 HSC Mathematics Extension 1

Mapping Grid
Section I

Question Marks Content Syllabus outcomes

1 1 ME-F1 Further Work with Functions ME11–2

2 1 ME-F1 Further Work with Functions ME11–1

3 1 ME-C2 Further Calculus Skills ME12–1

4 1 ME-V1 Introduction to Vectors ME12–2

5 1 ME-F2 Polynomials ME11–1

6 1 ME-V1 Introduction to Vectors ME12–2

7 1 ME-C3 Applications of Calculus ME12–4

8 1 ME-A1 Working with Combinatorics ME11–5

9 1 ME-V1 Introduction to Vectors ME12–2

10 1 ME-C1 Rates of Change ME11–4

Section II

Question Marks Content Syllabus outcomes

11 (a) (i) 1 ME-F2 Polynomials ME11–2

11 (a) (ii) 2 ME-F2 Polynomials ME11–2

11 (b) 3 ME-V1 Introduction to Vectors ME12–2

11 (c) 3 ME-F1 Further Work with Functions ME11–2

11 (d) 4 ME-T3 Trigonometric Equations ME12–3

11 (e) 2 ME-C3 Applications of Calculus ME12–4

12 (a) 3 ME-P1 Proof by Mathematical Induction ME12–1

12 (b) (i) 1 ME-S1 The Binomial Distribution ME12–5

12 (b) (ii) 1 ME-S1 The Binomial Distribution ME12–5

12 (b) (iii) 1 ME-S1 The Binomial Distribution ME12–5

12 (c) 2 ME-A1 Working with Combinatorics ME11–5, ME12-7

ME-T2 Further Trigonometric Identities

12 (d) 3 ME12–1
ME-C2 Further Calculus Skills

12 (e) 3 ME-C3 Applications of Calculus ME12–4

13 (a) (i) 1 ME-C2 Further Calculus Skills ME12–1

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Question Marks Content Syllabus outcomes

13 (a) (ii) 4 ME-C2 Further Calculus Skills ME12–1

13 (b) 4 ME-C3 Applications of Calculus ME12–4

13 (c) (i) 4 ME-C2 Further Calculus Skills ME12–4

13 (c) (ii) 3 ME-C2 Further Calculus Skills ME12–4, ME 12 -7

14 (a) (i) 2 ME-A1 Working with Combinatorics ME11–5

14 (a) (ii) 2 ME-A1 Working with Combinatorics ME11–5

14 (a) (iii) 2 ME-A1 Working with Combinatorics ME11–5

14 (a) (iv) 2 ME-A1 Working with Combinatorics ME11–5

14 (b) (i) 2 ME-T3 Trigonometric Equations ME12–3

14 (b) (ii) 2 ME-T3 Trigonometric Equations ME12–3

ME-F2 Polynomials
14 (b) (iii) 3 ME12–3
ME-T3 Trigonometric Equations

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