Scribd
Upload
49 views

Butuan Doctors' College: Unit 1: Level of Complexity and Anatomical Principles

This document provides an overview of human anatomy and physiology. It describes the different levels of structural organization in the body from the chemical to the tissue to the organ and organ system levels. Key anatomical terms like directional terms and body planes are defined. The major human body systems are listed and homeostasis is introduced as the body's ability to maintain stable internal conditions.

Uploaded by

Klynt Basadre
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
49 views

Butuan Doctors' College: Unit 1: Level of Complexity and Anatomical Principles

This document provides an overview of human anatomy and physiology. It describes the different levels of structural organization in the body from the chemical to the tissue to the organ and organ system levels. Key anatomical terms like directional terms and body planes are defined. The major human body systems are listed and homeostasis is introduced as the body's ability to maintain stable internal conditions.

Uploaded by

Klynt Basadre
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 4

BUTUAN DOCTORS’ COLLEGE

J.C. Aquino Avenue, Butuan City


Tel. No. (085) 342-85-72; Fax No. (085) 225-42-93
E-mail: [email protected]

HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY HANDOUT


_____________________________________________________________________________________

UNIT 1: LEVEL OF COMPLEXITY AND ANATOMICAL PRINCIPLES

OVERVIEW: performs a specific function for


the body

⮚ Anatomy — study of the structure and ⮚ ORGAN SYSTEM LEVEL


shape of the body and its parts and ● Organ system — a group of
their relationships to one another organs that work together to
⮚ Physiology — study of how the body accomplish a common purpose
and its parts work or function ▪ Integumentary System
▪ Skeletal System
▪ Muscular System
LEVELS OF STRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION
▪ Nervous System
▪ Endocrine System
⮚ CHEMICAL LEVEL ▪ Cardiovascular System
● Atoms — tiny building blocks of ▪ Respiratory System
matter, combine to form ▪ Digestive System
molecules such as water, sugar, ▪ Urinary System
and proteins ▪ Reproductive System
● Molecules — form microscopic
cells ⮚ ORGANISM LEVEL
⮚ CELL LEVEL ● made up of organ systems
● Cells — basic structural and
functional units of all living
organisms
⮚ TISSUE LEVEL
● Tissues — composed of groups
of similar cells that have a
common function
● 4 Basic Tissue Types
▪ Epithelial
▪ Connective
▪ Muscle
▪ Nervous
⮚ ORGAN LEVEL
LANGUAGE OF ANATOMY
● Organ — a structure composed
of two or more tissue types that
● Inferior (caudal)
● Anterior (ventral)
● Posterior (dorsal)
● Proximal
● Distal
● Intermediate
● Medial
● Lateral
● Superficial (external)
● Deep (internal)

⮚ ANATOMICAL POSITION
● standing erect with the face
directed forward, the upper
limbs hanging to the sides, and
the palms of the hands facing
forward

⮚ REGIONAL TERMS
● Axial Body - Runs right down
the center (axis) and consists of
everything except the limbs
● Appendicular Body - Consists of
appendages otherwise known
as upper and lower extremities
● CENTRAL REGIONS
o Head
o Neck
o Trunk
● Thorax
● Abdomen
⮚ DIRECTIONAL TERMS ● Pelvis
● Superior (cranial or cephalic) ● UPPER LIMB REGIONS
o Arm
o Forearm
o Wrist
o Hand
● LOWER LIMB REGIONS
o Thigh
o Leg
o Ankle
o Foot

⮚ BODY PLANES
3. Transverse Plane - It is a cut along a
horizontal plane, dividing the body
or organ into superior and inferior
parts. It is also called a cross section

1. Sagittal Plane - It is a cut along the


lengthwise, or longitudinal, plane of
the body, dividing the body into
right and left parts. The word 4. Frontal Plane - It is a cut along a
sagittal means “the flight of an lengthwise plane that divides the
arrow” and refers to the way the body (or an organ) into anterior and
body would be split by an arrow posterior parts
passing anteriorly to posteriorly
2. Median Plane - If the cut is down
the median plane of the body and ⮚ BODY CAVITIES
the right and left parts are equal in
size, it is called a median 1) Dorsal
(midsagittal) section. It is a sagittal a) Cranial cavity
plane that passes through the b) Spinal cavity
midline of the body, dividing it into 2) Ventral
equal right and left halves a) Thoracic cavity
b) Abdominal cavity
c) Pelvic cavity
3) Other
a) Oral cavity & Digestive cavity
b) Nasal cavity
c) Orbital cavity
d) Middle ear cavities ● In general, the body demonstrates
homeostasis when its needs are being
● Abdominopelvic Cavity: 4 adequately met and it is functioning
QUADRANTS smoothly. Virtually every organ system
o Right Upper Quadrant plays a role in maintaining the
(RUQ) constancy of the internal environment
o Right Lower Quadrant
(RLQ)
o Left Upper Quadrant References:
(LUQ)
o Left Lower Quadrant ● Marieb, E. and Keller, S., 2018.
(LLQ) Essentials of Human Anatomy &
● Abdominopelvic Cavity: 9 Physiology. 12th ed. Pearson Education
Regions Limited, pp.1-19.
o Umbilical ● VanPutte, C, Regan, J, Russo, A 2019,
Seeley’s Anatomy & Physiology, 12th
o Epigastric
edition, McGraw Hill Education, New
o Hypogastric (pubic)
York, NY, pp. 1-21.
o Right iliac (inguinal)
o Left iliac (inguinal)
o Right Lumbar Prepared by:
o Left Lumbar
o Right hypochondriac Charmaine Maaño, PTRP
o Left hypochondriac Human Anatomy & Physiology Lecturer

HUMAN BODY SYSTEM

● Integumentary System
● Skeletal System
● Muscular System
● Nervous System
● Endocrine System
● Cardiovascular System
● Respiratory System
● Digestive System
● Urinary System
● Reproductive System

HOMEOSTASIS

● The body’s ability to maintain relatively


stable internal conditions even though
the outside world is continuously
changing

You might also like