Litera - Latin word which literally

means an
“ acquaintance with letters.”

Webster defines literature as anything that

LITERATURE is printed, as long as it is related to the
IDEAS and FEELINGS of people, whether
it is TRUE, or just a product of one’s
IMAGINATION.
It is a body of work, either written,
oral, or visual, containing imaginative
language that realistically portrays
THOUGHT, EMOTIONS, and
EXPERIENCES of the human
condition. Thank
You
 • Is a product of particular culture that concretizes
man’ array of VALUES, EMOTIONS, ACTIONS, and
IDEAS. It is therefore a creation of human
experiences that tells about people and the world.

Literature raises life to a new level of

MEANING and UNDERSATNDING, and in the
process restores sanity and justice in a insane
and unjust world
- CIRILO BAUTISTA
 Literature expresses Literature deals
the feelings of people with ideas,
to society, to the thoughts and
government, to his
emotions of man,
surroundings, to his
fellowmen and to his
literature can be
Divine Creator said to be the story
of man.
BROTHER AZURIN

Man’s loves, grief,

thoughts, and
aspiration coached
in a beautiful
language is
literature.
DESCRIPTION OF WEAPONS ARMOR
Such aspects as their physical
appearance, magical powers, and
previous history.
ADDRESS TO THE HOST
A stirring speech made by the
leader to inspire his men to
heroism in battle.
WHAT IS A LITERARY STANDARD ?

• These are a set of characteristics to

determine whether or not a work is
literary.

A particular literary piece must possess these

seven literary standards in order to be called a
peerless epitome of artwork capable of
enduring the inexorable gusty tides of
alteration.
LITERARY STANDARDS

1 UNIVERSALITY

2 ARTISTRY

3 INTELLECTUAL VALUE

4 PERMANENCE

5 STYLE

6 SPIRITUAL VALUE

7 SUGGESTIVENESS
 Literature has an It stimulates critical
aesthetic appeal thinking making man It can be read on several
and thus realizes the fundamental occasions with the
possesses a sense of truths of life and feeling that you are
Literature appeals to of beauty human nature. reading it for the first
everyone, regardless time for each reading
of culture, race, sex, provides new insights
and time which are all about the world we live
considered significant ARTISTRY INTELLECTUAL VALUE
in.

It appeals to our sense of

This is the quality that morality by making us undergo
UNIVERSALITY appeals to our sense self-realization that makes us PERMANENCE
of beauty better persons.

Great literature is
timeless and A great work of
timely literature endures.

A particular literary piece must possess these seven literary

standards in order to be called a peerless epitome of artwork
capable of enduring the inexorable gusty tides of alteration.
 Literature elevates the spirit
Literature presents and the soul and thus has
peculiar ways on how man the power to motivate and Great literature moves us
sees life as evidence by to inspire. deeply and stirs our feeling
the formation of his ideas,
and imagination, giving and
form, structures, and
evoking visions above and
expressions which are
Spiritual Value beyond the plane of ordinary
marked by their memorable
life and experience
substance

It appeals to our sense of morality by

making us undergo self-realization that
STYLE makes us better persons.
SUGGESTIVENESS

This is the peculiar way in

which writers see life It appeals to our emotion. It
forms his ideas and makes us sympathize or
expresses them empathize with the people
involved in an artwork.

A particular literary piece must possess these seven literary

standards in order to be called a peerless epitome of artwork
capable of enduring the inexorable gusty tides of alteration.
LITERARY APPROACHES

FORMALISTIC LITERARY APPROACH

The study of the selection is more or less based on the

so called “literary elements

MORAL or HUMANISTIC APPROACH

• Literature is viewed to discuss man and its nature.
• It presents man as essentially rational; that is, endowed with
intellect and free

• The approach is closed to the “morality” of literature,

to question of ethical goodness or badness.
LITERARY APPROACHES

HISTORICAL APPROACH

Literature is seen both as a reflection and product of the times

and circumstances in which it was written.

SOCIOLOGICAL APPROACH
Viewed as the expression of man within a given social situation which is reduced
to discussion on economy which will underscore the conflict between the two
classes- the rich and the poor.

CULTURAL APPROACH
Literature is seen as one of the manifestations and vehicles of a
nation’s or race’s culture and tradition. It includes the entire compels
of what goes under “culture”
LITERARY APPROACHES

PSYCHOLOGICAL APPROACH

Literature is viewed as the expression of “PERSONALITY”, of

“INNER DRIVES” or “NEUROSIS”.

It includes the psychology of the author, of the

characters, and even the psychology of the creation

It has resulted in an almost exhausting and exhaustive

“psychological analysis” of the characters, of symbols
and images, of recurrent themes, and others.
LITERARY APPROACHES

IMPRESSIONISTIC APPROACH

Literature is viewed to elucidate “reacting-response: which is

considered as something very personal, relative and fruitful.

Unconditioned by the explanations and often taking the

impact of the piece as a whole, it seeks to see how the
piece has communicated
LITERARY MODELS

The study of literature

appeals in different
aspects and
importance.

PERSONAL GROWTH MODEL

CULTURAL MODEL Language Model

.Literature aims to
Literature aims to Literature aims help one achieve
understand and to promote lasting pleasure
appreciate cultures language and deep
and ideologies development like satisfaction in
different from one’s vocabulary and reading.
own in time and structure.
space
IMPORTANCE of LITERATURE

• Studying literature is like looking at the

mirror of life where man’s experiences,
his innermost feelings and thoughts are
reflected.

•Through literature, we learn the culture

of people across time and space.
IMPORTANCE of LITERATURE

• We understand not only the past life

of a nation but also its present.

•Moreover, we become familiar not only

with the culture of neighbouring
countries but also with that of others
living far from us.
LITERATURE and HISTORY TOGETHER

Literature and history are closely

interrelated

• In discovering history
of a race, a country we
•History can also
basically understand
their own culture and be written down
traditions, hence the and this too, is
written customs and literature. History
traditions of a country, therefore is an
the dreams and
aspirations of its integral part of
people is called literature.
literature
Literary compositions that influenced the
world

The Bible or
Sacred Writings Koran
The Iliad and
• This
has become the • TheMuslim Bible Odyssey
basis of Christianity originating from • These have been
originating from Arabia the source of
Palestine and Greece myths and
legends of
Greece. They
were written by
Homer.
LITERARY COMPOSITION that INFLUENCED the WORLD

THE MAHABHARATA

The longest epic of the world. It contains the

history of religion of India.

CANTURBURY TALES

It depicts the religion and customs of the English in the early

days. This originated from England and written by Chaucer.

UNCLE TOM’s CABIN

It was written by Harriet Beecher Stowe of the US. This depicted
the sad fate of slaves, this became the basis of democracy later
on.
LITERARY COMPOSITION that INFLUENCED the WORLD

THE DIVINE COMEDY

By Dante Alegheri. This shows the religion and

customs of the Europe.

THE SONG OF ROLAND

This includes Doce Pares and Roncesvalles of France. It tells

about the golden age of Christianity in France.

THE BOOK OF THE DEAD

This includes cult and Osiris and the mythology

and theology of Egypt.
 LITERARY COMPOSITION that
INFLUENCED the WORLD

One Thousand and One nights or the Arabian

ELCID nights

This shows the From Arabia and Persia

cultural
(Iran). It shows the ways
characteristics of
the Spaniards of government of
and their national industries and of the
history society of the Arabs.
Thank You!