GEARING UP FOR

PROTOTYPING WITH
C

ARDUINO
Objectives:
• Know what is an Arduino;
• Differentiate Arduino with
Other Platforms;
• Familiarize with
Components that can be
integrated and interfaced
with Arduino.
What is Arduino?
• Arduino is an open-source
electronics platform based on
easy-to-use hardware and
software.
• Arduino has different kinds of
microcontroller development
boardsfrom Arduino Uno
(entry-level) to the latest as of
this writing. The Portenta H7
which is capable of High-level
programming and AI.
What is a Microcontroller?
• Microcontrollers are one small
computation engines that makes
decision or system monitoring.
Generally, microcontrollers have
analog and digital input/output
capabilities. Microcontrollers are
everywhere (toys remote control,
microwave ovens, thermostat and
timers). Microcontrollers makes
objects more interactive.
Microcontrollers are often used in
applications that have repetitive
tasks.
What makes Arduino different from
Raspberry Pi?
• Raspberry pi is a general-
purpose single-board
computer powered by an
operating system (Linux). Unlike
Arduino boards, which is a
microcontroller motherboard,
Raspberry pi can run multiple
programs. Raspberry is used to
running complicated robots
performing multiple programs
and intense calculations.
ARDUINO ANATOMY
C
 Arduino
• Digital Pins – Use these pins with digitalRead(),
digitaWrite(), and analogWrite(). The
analogWrite() pins works only on the pins with
the PWM symbol.
• Pin 13 LED – The only actuator built-in to your
board. This LED is perfect for debugging as
well as being a decent target for the first blink
program.
• Power LED – Indicates that your Genuino is
receiving power. Useful for debugging.
• ATmega microcontroller – The heart of your
board.
• Analog In – Use this pin with analogRead().
 Arduino
• GND and 5V pins – Use this pins to provide +5V
power and ground to your circuits.
• Power Connector – If your Arduino isn’t plugged
into a USB port, this is how you power it. Accepts
voltages ranging from 7 to 12 volts.
• TX & RX LED’s – These LEDs indicate
communication between your microcontroller
and your computer. Expect them to flicker
rapidly during sketch upload as well as during
serial communication. Useful for debugging.
• USB Port – Used for powering your Genuino,
uploading your sketches, and for
communicating with your Genuino sketch (via
Serial.println() etc.)
• Reset Button – Resets the ATmega
microcontroller.
 BASIC
COMPONENTS FOR
C

PROTOTYPING
Basic Components for Prototyping
• Breadboard
• Jumper Wires
• Resistor
Breadboard
• A board on which
electronic circuits can be
designed. A breadboard is
identical to a patch panel,
with rows and holes for
connecting wires and
components.
Jumper Wires
• Wires with connector pins on
both ends that can be used
to connect two points
without the need for
soldering. Jumper wires are
widely used for breadboards
and other prototyping
equipment to allow for simple
circuit changes when
needed.
Resistor
• Resist the flow of electrical
energy of a circuit resulting in
a change in voltage and
current. Ohms (represented by
the Greek omega character Ω)
is the unit of measurement for
resistor. Resistor have colored
stripes on the sides that signifies
their value.
Input Components for Arduino
Interface
• Photoresistor
• Potentiometer
• Pushbuttons
• Temperature Sensor (TMP36)
• Tilt Sensor
Photoresistor
• (A photocell, or light-
dependent resistor, is
another term for it.) A
variable resistor whose
resistance depends on the
volume of light loading its
face.
Potentiometer
• A variable resistor with three pins .
The ends of a fixed resistor are
attached to two of the pins. The
wiper, or middle pin, travels
around the resistor, splitting in half.
When potentiometer’s external
sides are attached to voltage
and ground, the middle leg will
show the voltage difference as
you turn the knob. It’s usually
reffered to as a pot.
Push button
• When pressed momentary
switches close a circuit.
They quickly snap into
breadboards. These are
effective at detecting
on/off signals.
Temperature Sensor
• Changes its voltage output
depending on the temperature
of the component. The outside
legs connect to power and
ground. If the temperature of
the center pin rises or falls, the
voltage on it changes.
Tilt Sensor
• The orientation of a switch
determines whether it opens
or closes. They’re usually
hollow cylinders with a metal
ball inside that when tilted in
the right direction, makes a
connection between two
leads.
Output Components
• DC Motors
• LEDs
• Piezo
• Servo Motors
• Seven Segment Display
DC Motors
• When electricity is applied to its
leads. It converts electrical
energy into a mechanical
energy. As current flows
through the coils of wire inside
the motor, they become
magnetized. The shaft spins
because of the magnetic fields
that attract and repel
magnets.
LED
• As electricity passes through it, a
diode of this type illuminates.
Electricity flows in just one
direction through these
components, as it does through
all diodes. You’ve already seen
these on a number of electronics
devices as indicators. The longer
leg is normally the anode which
connects to electricity and the
shorter leg is the cathode.
Piezo
• An electrical component
that can sense vibrations
as well as produce sounds.
Servo Motor
• A geared motor that can
only rotate 180 degrees.
Electrical signals from your
Arduino are used to power
it. The motor is told what
role it should be in these
pulses.
Seven Segment Display
• Many electronic devices such
as microwave ovens, washing
machines, and air conditioners,
use seven segment displays.
They are the basic but efficient
method of showing numerical
data such as time or quantity.
They are low-cost choice for
displaying information since
they are made of LEDs.
THANK YOU!
C