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Database Management System

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Jayvee Katipunan
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16 views

Database Management System

Uploaded by

Jayvee Katipunan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Database Management System

Data – is used to process information


- Stored of representation of meaning objects or events

Two Types of Data


Structured Data – Number, text,
- Flat or lightweight materials
Unstructured Data – data that are composed of images or videos or documents
- Big data or big objects

Information – data process to increase knowledge in the person using the data

 Not all information is stored in database

Database - organize collection of logically related data

Metadata – data that describes the properties and context of user data

 Including the data types, field sizes, allowable values, and data context

Database Management System – software package designed to define, manipulate, retrieve


And manage data in a database
Data Presentation and Summarization
1. Data in context helps the users understand the data
2. Graphical displays turn data into useful information that top administrators can use
For decision making and interpretation

File Processing
Disadvantages of File Processing
1. Program Data Dependence – all programs maintain metadata for each file they use
2. Duplicate of Data – Different systems and programs have separates copies of the same
Data
3. Limited Data Sharing – No central control of data
4. Lengthy Development Times – Programmers must design their own file format
5. Excessive Program Maintenance – 80% of the information systems budgets

The Database Approach


1. Centralized Repository of Shared Data
2. Data is now managed by a controlling agent
3. Stored in a standardized convenient system

Database Management System


it is a software package designed to define, manipulate, retrieve and manage data in a database

Advantages of Database Approach


1. Program-data independence
2. Planned data redundancy
3. Enhancement of Standards
4. Increased application development productivity
5. Improved data consistency
6. Improved data sharing
7. Improved data quality
8. Improved decision support
9. Improved data accessibility and responsiveness
10. Reduced program maintenance
Cost and Risks of the Database Approach
1. Organizational Conflict
2. New Specialized Personnel
3. Installation and Management cost and complexity
4. Conversion Cast
5. Need for explicit backup and recovery

WEEK 2

The Database Development Process

Two Approaches Database

 System Development Life Cycle (SDLC)


1. Time Consuming but comprehensive
2. Detailed, well planned development process
3. Long Development Cycle
 Prototyping (Rapid Applications Development)
1. Cursory attempt at conceptual data modeling
2. Define database during development of initial prototype
3. Repeat implementation and maintenance activities with new prototype versions
SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE

 Planning – terminal or starting development


 Analysis – set up the detailed specification
 Logical Design – detailed specification and integrate database views into conceptual
data model and define new database
 Physical Design – where we develop technology
 Implementation – training materials, hire personnel
 Maintenance – for monitoring, enhancement, improvement
Purpose – preliminary understanding
Deliverable – request for study
Database activity - enterprise modeling and early conceptual data modeling
PROTYPING DATABASE METHODOLOGY

 Identify the problem – composes of planning and analysis


 Develop Initial Prototype
 Implement and use prototype
 Revise and Enhance Prototype

Three Schema Architecture

 External Schema
1. User Views
2. Subset Of Conceptual Schema
3. Can be determined from business function data entity matrices
 Conceptual Schema
1. E-R Models
 Internal Schema
2. Logical Structure
3. Physical Structure

Managing Projects
 Project – a planned undertaking of related activities to reach an objective that has a
beginning and an end
 Initiated and planned in the planning stage of SDLC
 Executed during analysis, design, and implementation
 Closed at the end of implementation

People Involved in Managing Projects


 Business Analysts
 Systems Analysts
 Database Analysts and Data Modelers
 Project Managers
 Users
 Programmers
 Other Technical Experts

Evolution of Database System


 Need for program-data independence - reduced maintenance
 Desire to manage more complex data types and structures
 Ease of Data access for less technical personnel
 Need for more powerful decision support platforms

Range of Database Application


 Personal Databases
 Two-tier and N-tier Client/Server databases
 Enterprise Applications
1. Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems
--Integrate all enterprise functions
2. Data warehousing implementations

Modeling Approaches (WEEK 2 LAB)


There are three approaches to modeling: top-down, bottom-up, and targeted. All three
approaches meet a different need, so you may be involved in projects that use different
approaches. In this course, you focus most on top-down modeling which involves building a
model a model from scratch and following it through to completion.

 Top-Down Model
- Building a model from scratch or used for designing new database
- It gathers information about business requirements, and proceeds to
define processes, a logical model of the data, one or more relational
models, and one or more physical models for each relational model.
 Bottom-Up Model
- used in Existing System or modifies an existing database definition.
- It builds database design based on either metadata extracted from an
existing database or a file with DDL code that implements an existing
database. And you reverse engineer the logical model from the relational
model.
 Targeted Modeling
- maintains the existing models by adapting to new requirements.
- Depending on the requirements, you must determine which model to
modify.

WEEK 3 (LEC)
BUSINESS RULES

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