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Access Specifiers

The document discusses three access specifiers in C++: 1. Public members can be accessed by any object of the class from within or outside the class using member or non-member functions. 2. Protected members can only be accessed by objects of the class and its derived classes using member functions, both from within and outside the class. 3. Private members can only be accessed by member functions of the class, and not from outside the class. They provide encapsulation.

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M. Talha Nadeem
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148 views

Access Specifiers

The document discusses three access specifiers in C++: 1. Public members can be accessed by any object of the class from within or outside the class using member or non-member functions. 2. Protected members can only be accessed by objects of the class and its derived classes using member functions, both from within and outside the class. 3. Private members can only be accessed by member functions of the class, and not from outside the class. They provide encapsulation.

Uploaded by

M. Talha Nadeem
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ACCESS SPECIFIERS

Following are the 3 access specifiers provided by the C++.

Public : All Objects of same class can access public members with or without using
member functions from outside the class.

Protected :
 All objects of same class can access protected members with only public member
functions from outside the class.
(In Inheritance we will cover it in detail next lectures).
 Access level is limited to the containing class or types derived
from the containing class.

Private : All objects of same class can access private members with only
public member functions from outside the class.
#include<iostream.h>

Using namespace std;

class Student
{

public:

int pub;

protected:

int pro;

private:
int pvt;

public:

///////////////member function to access public data memebrs...


void setpub(int a)
{
pub=a;

void showpub()
{
cout<<pub<<endl;

///////////////member function to access protected data memebrs...

void setpro(int a)
{
pro=a;

void showpro()
{
cout<<pro<<endl;
}

///////////////member function to access private data memebrs...

void setpvt(int a)
{
pvt=a;

void showpvt()
{
cout<<pvt<<endl;

};//end of class

void main()
{
////////////////////accessibility of public data member //////////////
Student first;
first.pub=90; // you can access public data member of class from outside
//the class withoud memebr function
cout<<first.pub<<endl; //90

first.setpub(80); //you can access public data member of class from outside
first.showpub(); // by using public member function ///80

////////////////////accessibility of protected data member //////////////

Student second;
/*

second.pro=90; // you can not access protected data member of class from outside
//the class withoud memebr function
cout<<second.pro<<endl; //Erro message---> Student::pro is not accessible in function main
*/
second.setpro(10); //you can access protected data member of class from outside
second.showpro(); // by using public member function ///10
////////////////////accessibility of private data member //////////////

Student third;

third.pvt=90; // you can not access private data member of class from outside
//the class withoud memebr function
cout<<third.pvt<<endl; //Erro message---> Student::pvt is not accessible in function main

third.setpvt(5); //you can access private data member of class from outside
third.showpvt(); // by using public member function ///5

}//end of main
Private functions – only accessible inside that class where they are defined

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class smallobj
{
private:
int somedata;
int calcdist(int d)
{
int x;
x = d + 1000;

return x;

public:
int mydata;
void setdata(int d)
{somedata = calcdist(d) + d;}

void showdata()
{cout << "Data is" << somedata << endl;}

};

int main()
{
smallobj s1, s2;

s1.setdata(200);
s1.
//s2.mydata =5;

s1.showdata();
//s2.showdata1();
//cout << "myData is" << s2.mydata << endl;

return 0;
}
Protected functions - only accessible inside that class where they are defined and derived classes

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