Mechanical Engineering Department

Tutorials- Balancing of Reciprocating masses

B E Mechanical SEM VI 161901-Dynamics of Machinery Year 2015
1 A five cylinder in-line engine running at 750 rpm has successive cranks 144° apart, the distance between the
cylinder centre lines being 375 mm. The piston stroke is 225 mm and the ratio of the connecting rod to the
crank is 4. Examine the engine for balance of primary and secondary forces and couples. Find the maximum
values of these and the position of the central crank at which these maximum values occur. The
reciprocating mass for each cylinder is 15 kg.
2 A single cylinder engine runs at 250 rpm and has a stroke of 180 mm. The reciprocating parts weigh 120 kg
and revolving parts equivalent to 70 kg at a radius of 90 mm. A mass is kept opposite to the crank at a radius
of 150 mm to balance the whole of revolving mass and two third of the reciprocating mass. Determine the
magnitude of balancing mass and the resultant residual unbalanced force when the crank has turned 300
from the inner dead centre.
3 A single cylinder reciprocating engine has speed 240 rpm, stroke 300 mm, mass of reciprocating parts 50 kg,
mass of revolving parts at 150 mm radius 30 kg. If all the mass of revolving parts and two-third of the mass
of reciprocating parts are to be balanced, find the balance mass required at radius of 400 mm and the
residual unbalanced force when the crank has rotated 60o from IDC.
4 A two cylinder locomotive engine has the following specifications: Reciprocating masses/cylinder = 300 kg,
Crank radius = 90 mm, Angle between crank = 90°, Driving wheel diameter = 1780 mm, Distance between
cylinder centers = 640 mm, Distance between driving wheel plans = 1500 mm.
Determine: (i) The fraction of reciprocating masses to be balanced if the hammer blow is
not to exceed 45 kN at 95 Km/hr speed. (ii) The variation in the tractive effort.(iii) The magnitude of
swaying couple.
5 The cranks and connecting rods of a 4-cylinder in-line engine running at 1800 r.p.m. are 60 mm and 240 mm
each respectively and the cylinders are spaced 150 mm apart. If the cylinders are numbered 1 to 4 in
sequence from one end, the cranks appear at intervals of 90° in an end view in the order 1-4-2-3. The
reciprocating mass corresponding to each cylinder is 1.5 kg. Determine : (i)Unbalanced primary and
secondary forces, if any, and
(ii) Unbalanced primary and secondary couples with reference to central plane of the engine.
6 The following data apply to an outside cylinder uncoupled locomotive :
Mass of rotating parts per cylinder =360 kg; Mass of reciprocating parts per cylinder = 300 kg; Angle
between cranks = 90°; Crank radius = 0.3 m; Cylinder centres = 1.75 m; Radius of balance masses = 0.75 m;
Wheel centres = 1.45 m. If whole of the rotating and two-thirds of reciprocating parts are to be balanced in
planes of the driving wheels, find : 1. Magnitude and angular positions of balance masses,
2. Speed in kilometres per hour at which the wheel will lift off the rails when the load on each driving wheel
is 30 kN and the diameter of tread of driving wheels is 1.8 m, and
3. Swaying couple at speed arrived at in (2) above.
7 The following data refer to four coupled wheel locomotive with two inside cylinders:
Pitch of the cylinders= 600 mm, reciprocating mass/cylinder = 315 kg, revolving mass/cylinder = 260 kg,
distance between driving wheels = 1.6 m, distance between coupling rods = 2 m, diameter of driving wheels
= 1.9 m, revolving parts for each coupling rod crank = 130 kg, engine crank radius = 300 mm, coupling rod
crank radius= 240 mm, distance of centre of balance mss in planes of driving wheels from axle centre = 750
mm, angle between engine cranks = 90o, angle between coupling rod crank with adjacent engine
crank=180o.
The balanced mass required for the reciprocating parts is equally divided between each pair of coupled
wheels. Determine
1. The magnitude and position of the balance mass required balancing two-third of reciprocating and whole
of the revolving parts.
2. The hammer blow and the maximum variation of tractive force when the locomotive speed 80 km/hr.
8 The intermediate cranks of a four cylinder symmetrical engine, which is in complete primary balance, are
o
90 to each other and each has a reciprocating mass of 300 kg. The centre distance between intermediate
cranks is 600 mm and between extreme cranks it is 1800 mm. Lengths of the connecting rod and cranks are
900 mm and 300 mm respectively. Calculate the masses fixed to the extreme cranks with their relative
angular positions. Also find the magnitudes of secondary forces and couples about the centre line of the
system if the engine speed is 1500 rpm.
 Mechanical Engineering Department
Tutorials- Balancing of Rotating masses
B E Mechanical SEM VI 161901-Dynamics of Machinery Year 2015
1 Four masses A, B, C and D are completely balanced. Masses C and D make angles of 90 o and 195o
respectively with B in the same sense. The rotating masses have following properties. mb =25 kg,
mc =40 kg, md =35 kg, ra =150 mm, rb =200 mm, rc =100, rd =180 mm, Planes B and C are 250 mm
apart. Determine 1. The mass A and its angular position, 2. The position of planes A and D.
2 A shaft is supported in bearings 1.8 m apart and projects 0.45 m beyond bearings at each end. The
shaft carries three pulleys one at each end and one at the middle of its length. The mass of end
pulleys is 48 kg and 20 kg and their centre of gravity are 15 mm and 12.5 mm respectively from the
shaft axis. The centre pulley has a mass of 56 kg and its centre of gravity is 15 mm from the shaft
axis. If the pulleys are arranged so as to give static balance.
Determine: (i) Relative angular positions of the pulleys. (ii) Dynamic forces produced on the
bearings when the shaft rotates at 300 r.p.m.
3 A rotating shaft carries four masses A, B, C and D which are radially attached to it. The mass
centers are 30 mm, 40 mm, 35 mm and 38 mm respectively from the axis of rotation. The masses A,
C and D are 7.5 kg, 5 kg and 4 kg respectively. The axial distances between the planes of rotation of
A and B is 400 mm and between B and C is 500 mm. The masses A and C are at right angles to
each other. Find for a complete balance, (i) the angles between the masses B and D from mass A,
(ii) the axial distance between the planes of rotation of C and D, and (iii) the magnitude of mass B.
4 Four masses P, Q, R and S are carried by a rotating shaft at radii 100 mm, 125 mm, 200 mm and
150 mm respectively. The planes in which the masses revolve are spaced 600 mm apart and the
masses Q, R and S are 10 kg, 5 kg and 4 kg respectively. Determine the required mass P and the
relative angular positions of four masses so that the shaft shall be in complete balance.
5 Four masses A, B, C and D carried by a rotating shaft are at radii 110, 140, 210 and 160 mm
respectively. The planes in which the masses revolve are spaced 600 mm apart and the masses of B,
C and D are 16 kg, 10 kg and 8 kg respectively. Find the required mass A and the relative angular
positions of the four masses so that shaft is in complete balance.
6 A, B, C and D are four masses attached on a shaft at radii 0.1 m, 0.225 m, 0.15 m and 0.15 m
respectively. Planes in which masses revolve are spaced 0.6 m apart and the weights of B, C and D
are 10 kg, 5.5 kg and 3.6 kg respectively. Find the required mass at A and the relative angular
positions of all the four masses so that the shaft is in complete balance.
 Mechanical Engineering Department
Tutorials- Balancing of V and Radial Engines
B E Mechanical SEM VI 161901-Dynamics of Machinery Year 2015
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1 A twin V-engine has the cylinder centre lines at 90 and the connecting rods operate a common
crank. The mass of reciprocating parts per cylinder is 10 kg and the crank radius is 75 mm. The
length of connecting rod is 300 mm. Show that the engine may be balanced for primary forces by
means of a revolving balance mass. If the engine speed is 500 rpm, what is the value of maximum
resultant secondary force?
2 The three cranks of three cylinder locomotive are all on the same axle and are set at 1200 .The pitch
of the cylinders is 1 meter and the stroke of each piston is 0.6 m. The reciprocating masses are 300
kg for inside cylinder and 260 kg for each outside cylinder and the planes of rotation of the balance
masses are 0.8 m from the inside crank. If 40% of the reciprocating parts are to be balanced, Find:-
1. The magnitude and the position of the balancing masses required at a radius of 0.6 m. 2. The
hammer blow per wheel when the axle makes 6 r.p.s
3 The reciprocating mass per cylinder in a 600 twin engine is 1.5 kg. The stroke and connecting rod
length are 100 mm and 250 mm respectively. If the engine runs at 2500 r.p.m. Determine the
maximum and minimum values of the primary forces. Also find out the resultant secondary force.
4 The axes of three cylinder air compressor are at 120o to one another and their connecting rods are
coupled to a single crank. The length of each connecting rod is 240 mm and the stroke length is 160
mm. the reciprocating parts have a mass of 2.4 kg per cylinder. Determine primary and secondary
forces if the engine runs at 2000rpm.
5 A radial aero engine has seven cylinders equally spaced with all connecting rods coupled to a
common crank. The crank and each connecting rod are 200 mm and 800 mm respectively. The
reciprocating mass per cylinder is 3 kg. determine the magnitude and angular position of the balance
masses required at the crank radius for complete primary and secondary balancing of the engine.