SPANNING TREE·TUTORIAL dkankam

Spanning Tree Protocols

Legacy STP PVST PVST+ RSTP RPVST+ MST

Algorithm Legacy ST Legacy ST Legacy ST Rapid ST Rapid ST Rapid ST

802.1w, 802.1s,
Defined By 802.1D-1998 Cisco Cisco Cisco
802.1D-2004 802.1Q-2003
Instances 1 Per VLAN Per VLAN 1 Per VLAN Configurable
Trunking N/A ISL 802.1Q, ISL N/A 802.1Q, ISL 802.1Q, ISL

Spanning Tree Instance Comparison

STP PVST+ MST
Root VLAN 1,10 Root VLAN 20,30 Root MSTI 0 Root MSTI 1 Root

A B A B A B

All VLANs VLAN 1 MSTI 0 (1, 10)

x xx xx VLAN 10 x x MSTI 1 (20, 30)
VLAN 20
C C VLAN 30 C

BPDU Format Spanning Tree Specifications Link Costs

Field Bits Bandwidth Cost
802.1s 802.1Q-2003 802.1Q-2005
Protocol ID 16 4 Mbps 250
Version 8 10 Mbps 100
BPDU Type 8 802.1D-1998 802.1D-2004 16 Mbps 62
Flags 8 45 Mbps 39
Root ID 64 802.1Q-1998 802.1w 100 Mbps 19
Root Path Cost 32 155 Mbps 14
ISL PVST PVST+ RPVST+
Bridge ID 64 622 Mbps 6
Port ID 16 IEEE 802.1D-1998 · Deprecated legacy STP standard 1 Gbps 4
Message Age 16 IEEE 802.1w · Introduced RSTP 10 Gbps 2
Max Age 16 20+ Gbps 1
IEEE

IEEE 802.1D-2004 · Replaced legacy STP with RSTP

Hello Time 16 IEEE 802.1s · Introduced MST Port States
Forward Delay 16 IEEE 802.1Q-2003 · Added MST to 802.1Q Legacy ST Rapid ST

Default Timers IEEE 802.1Q-2005 · Most recent 802.1Q revision Disabled

Hello 2s PVST · Per-VLAN implementation of legacy STP Blocking Discarding

Cisco

Forward Delay 15s PVST+ · Added 802.1Q trunking to PVST Listening

Max Age 20s RPVST+ · Per-VLAN implementation of RSTP Learning Learning

Forwarding Forwarding
Spanning Tree Operation
Port Roles
1 Determine root bridge
The bridge advertising the lowest bridge ID becomes the root bridge Legacy ST Rapid ST

2 Select root port Root Root

Each bridge selects its primary port facing the root
Designated Designated
3 Select designated ports
One designated port is selected per segment Alternate
Blocking
4 Block ports with loops Backup
All non-root and non-desginated ports are blocked

by dkankam
SPANNING TREE·TUTORIAL dkankam
PVST+ and RPVST+ Configuration Bridge ID Format
4 12 48
spanning-tree mode {pvst | rapid-pvst}
Pri Sys ID Ext MAC Address
! Bridge priority
spanning-tree vlan 1-4094 priority 32768 Priority
4-bit bridge priority (configurable from 0 to 61440 in
! Timers, in seconds
spanning-tree vlan 1-4094 hello-time 2
increments of 4096)
spanning-tree vlan 1-4094 forward-time 15 System ID Extension
spanning-tree vlan 1-4094 max-age 20 12-bit value taken from VLAN number (IEEE 802.1t)
! PVST+ Enhancements
MAC Address
spanning-tree backbonefast 48-bit unique identifier
spanning-tree uplinkfast
Path Selection
! Interface attributes 1 Bridge with lowest root ID becomes the root
interface FastEthernet0/1
spanning-tree [vlan 1-4094] port-priority 128 2 Prefer the neighbor with the lowest cost to root
spanning-tree [vlan 1-4094] cost 19
3 Prefer the neighbor with the lowest bridge ID
! Manual link type specification 4 Prefer the lowest sender port ID
spanning-tree link-type {point-to-point | shared}
Optional PVST+ Ehancements
! Enables PortFast if running PVST+, or
! designates an edge port under RPVST+ PortFast
spanning-tree portfast Enables immediate transition into the forwarding state
(designates edge ports under MST)
! Spanning tree protection
spanning-tree guard {loop | root | none} UplinkFast
Enables switches to maintain backup paths to root
! Per-interface toggling BackboneFast
spanning-tree bpduguard enable Enables immediate expiration of the Max Age timer in
spanning-tree bpdufilter enable
the event of an indirect link failure

MST Configuration Spanning Tree Protection

Root Guard
spanning-tree mode mst
Prevents a port from becoming the root port
! MST Configuration BPDU Guard
spanning-tree mst configuration Error-disables a port if a BPDU is received
name MyTree
revision 1 Loop Guard
Prevents a blocked port from transitioning to listening
! Map VLANs to instances after the Max Age timer has expired
instance 1 vlan 20, 30 BPDU Filter
instance 2 vlan 40, 50 Blocks BPDUs on an interface (disables STP)
! Bridge priority (per instance) RSTP Link Types
spanning-tree mst 1 priority 32768
Point-to-Point
! Timers, in seconds Connects to exactly one other bridge (full duplex)
spanning-tree mst hello-time 2 Shared
spanning-tree mst forward-time 15
Potentially connects to multiple bridges (half duplex)
spanning-tree mst max-age 20
Edge
! Maximum hops for BPDUs Connects to a single host; designated by PortFast
spanning-tree mst max-hops 20
Troubleshooting
! Interface attributes
interface FastEthernet0/1 show spanning-tree [summary | detail | root]
spanning-tree mst 1 port-priority 128 show spanning-tree [interface | vlan]
spanning-tree mst 1 cost 19
show spanning-tree mst […]

by dkankam