Bio-epoxy for aerospace

applications

22 June 2021
3 years objective:
1: Identification of aerospace applications for bio-composites
 Aircraft part where improvements by a substitution with bio-composites are possible will be identified for
secondary structures (flaps, nose, spoilers….)

2: Characterization of bio-epoxy and bio-composites

 Bio-epoxy and bio-composite manufacturing and characterisation: Combination of carbon/glass fibres with bio-
epoxy resins in laminates/sandwich with the aim of at least the same reliability compared industrial current
solution. Moreover, mechanical properties will be particularly studied in order to satisfy the aerospace
requirements for a given application

3: Numerical simulation of bio-composite materials

 Low velocity impact (BVID) + compression after impact (CAI)
 Numerical simulation for low velocity impact

4: Bio-composite prototype manufacturing (optional)

 Numerical simulation will be used to design a prototype and then produce
Global Work Package:
Damage tolerance

Applications
Sandwich Technical Spec. Mech. Prop. Experiments Simulation (optional)
Applications
Laminate Technical Spec. Mech. Prop. Experiments Simulation (optional)
• Application • Manufacturing bio- • Manufacturing • FEA for damage • Design of
• Properties required epoxy and bio- • Impact tests tolerance representative
• Manufacturing process composite • NDT • FEA for design parts by FEA
• Tg required • Mechanical static tests • Manufacturing

Mechanical test on bio-epoxy

(Senior students project)
 Aerospace tests required by Airbus:
Bio-Epoxy Laminate Sandwich

• Manufacturing control: • Manufacturing control: • Static mechanical tests:

• Density • Density • Compression of the core
• Tg (in 2022 with DSC at GISTDA) • Volume fraction • Compression of sandwich (ASTM C365)
• Testing: • NDT • Shear stiffness of sandwich (ASTM D7250)
• Determination of water absorption by immersion • Static mechanical tests: • Comparison with current carbon/epoxy skins for
(DIN EN 2378, DIN EN 3615) • Tensile 0 degree (ASTM D3039) sandwich in aerospace (can be infusion with
• Compression (ASTM D695) • Dry and after water absorption standard epoxy at GALAXI)
• Dry and after water absorption • Compression 0 degree (ASTM XXXX) • Impact tests:
• Tensile (ASTM D638) • Dry and after water absorption • Low velocity/low density impact (AITM1-
• Dry and after water absorption Tests
• Short-beam strength (ASTM 2344) 0057/D7136)
• Bending (ISO 178) perform at
• Dry and after water absorption • Post mortem NDT
ISAE institute
• Dry and after water absorption • Fracture Toughness (DCB or ENF test) (ASTM D5528) • Comparison with current carbon/epoxy skins for
in France
• Fracture Toughness (ASTM D5045) • Comparison with current carbon/epoxy composite in sandwich in aerospace (from literature and/or
• Dry and after water absorption aerospace (can be infusion with standard epoxy at experiment)
GALAXI) • Numerical simulation 3rd year of PhD
• Others tests out of aerospace: • Damage tolerance tests:
• Effect of degradation (UV, salt water…) on • Low velocity/low density impact (AITM1-0057/D7136)
mechanical and physical properties • Compression after impact (AITM1-0010) Tests perform
• Post mortem NDT at ISAE institute
• Comparison with current carbon/epoxy composite in in France
aerospace (from literature and/or experiment)
• Numerical simulation 3rd year of PhD

• Materials and process:

• Infusion at GALAXI Laminates are used as sandwich skins
• Carbon fibers T700
• Sandwich core: PMI foam or Nomex
honeycomb with epoxy adhesive film
• Bio-epoxy (Aditya Birla)
 Planning:
2021 2022 2023 2024
May Sep.

Curing cycle
Jun

Bio-epoxy tests
Sep. March

Static test on laminate

Jun

Impact testing Damage tolerance

(laminate/sandwich) Simulation laminate
Jun Jun

Static test on sandwich Damage tolerance

Simulation sandwich

Applications (optional)
Publications strategy:
Bio-Epoxy Laminate Sandwich

• Manufacturing control: Paper 4

• Manufacturing control: • Static mechanical tests:
• Density • Density • Compression of the core
• Tg (in 2022 with DSC at GISTDA) • Volume fraction • Compression of sandwich (ASTM C365)
• Testing: Paper 1 • NDT • Shear stiffness of sandwich (ASTM D7250)
• Determination of water absorption by immersion • Static mechanical tests: Paper 2 • Comparison with current carbon/epoxy skins for
(DIN EN 2378, DIN EN 3615) • Tensile 0 degree (ASTM D3039) sandwich in aerospace (can be infusion with
• Compression (ASTM D695) • Dry and after water absorption standard epoxy at GALAXI)
• Dry and after water absorption • Compression 0 degree (ASTM XXXX) • Impact tests: Paper 5
• Tensile (ASTM D638) • Dry and after water absorption • Low velocity/low density impact (AITM1-
• Dry and after water absorption • Short-beam strength (ASTM 2344) 0057/D7136)
• Bending (ISO 178) • Dry and after water absorption • Post mortem NDT
• Dry and after water absorption • Fracture Toughness (DCB or ENF test) (ASTM D5528) • Comparison with current carbon/epoxy skins for
• Fracture Toughness (ASTM D5045) • Comparison with current carbon/epoxy composite in sandwich in aerospace (from literature and/or
• Dry and after water absorption aerospace (can be infusion with standard epoxy at experiment)
GALAXI) • Numerical simulation
• Others tests out of aerospace: Paper 6 • Damage tolerance tests: Paper 3
• Effect of degradation (UV, salt water…) on • Low velocity/low density impact (AITM1-0057/D7136)
mechanical and physical properties • Compression after impact (AITM1-0010) K. Busayamas Phettong first author
• Post mortem NDT
• Comparison with current carbon/epoxy composite in
aerospace (from literature and/or experiment)
• Numerical simulation

K. Kittigorn Chalernphon first author