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Models of Communication

There are three types of communication models: linear, interactive, and transactional. Linear models explain one-directional communication and include Aristotle's model which examines five elements of a communication event, and Lasswell's model which analyzes communication by asking five questions. The Shannon-Weaver model introduced the role of "noise" and Berlo's SMCR model examines elements of the source, message, channel, and receiver. Interactive models explain two-way communication without differentiating the sender and receiver role, while transactional models focus on direct personal communication with immediate feedback.

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ahsan syed
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1K views

Models of Communication

There are three types of communication models: linear, interactive, and transactional. Linear models explain one-directional communication and include Aristotle's model which examines five elements of a communication event, and Lasswell's model which analyzes communication by asking five questions. The Shannon-Weaver model introduced the role of "noise" and Berlo's SMCR model examines elements of the source, message, channel, and receiver. Interactive models explain two-way communication without differentiating the sender and receiver role, while transactional models focus on direct personal communication with immediate feedback.

Uploaded by

ahsan syed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Aristotle Model of Communication

Aristotle’s model of communication is the oldest communication


model, dating back to 300BC. The model was designed to examine
how to become a better and more convincing communicator. Aristotle
argues we should look at five elements of a communication event to
analyze how best to communicate: speaker, speech, occasion, target
audience and effect. He also identified three elements that will
improve communication: ethos (credibility), pathos (ability to connect)
and logos (logical argument). Aristotle’s model does not pay attention
to the role of feedback in communication.

Lasswell’s model of communication tries to understand a


communication event by asking five important questions. It looks at
who created the message (and what their bias may be), what they
said, the channel they said it through (e.g. TV, radio, blog), who they
said it two, and what effect it had on the receiver. This model is
effective as it provides a very simple and practical way of critiquing a
message and exploring five important elements that can help explain
the event under analysis in more detail.
The Shannon-Weaver model sees communication occurring in five
key parts: sender, encoder, channel, decoder, receiver. It emphasizes
the importance of encoding and decoding messages for them to be
sent (e.g. turning them into written words, morse code, etc.). During
the process of encoding, sending and decoding, ‘noise’ occurs that
can disrupt or cloud a message. In the most traditional sense, this
may be static on a radio broadcast, or even extend to mishearing a
conversation or misspelling an email. This model was the first to
introduce the role of noise in the communication process.

Berlo’s S-M-C-R Model


Berlo’s model of communication explains it in four
steps: Source, Message, Channel, and Receiver. The unique aspect
of Berlo’s model is that it gives a detailed account of the key elements
in each step that will affect how well the message is communicated:
 Source: Elements of the source include communication skills of
the sender, their attitude and their culture.
 Message: Elements of the message include its content,
structure and code.
 Channel: Elements of the channel include the senses of
hearing, seeing, touching, smelling, etc.
 Receiver: Elements of the receiver include their attitude,
knowledge and culture.

The Interactive Models


 Osgood-Schramm Model
The Osgood-Schramm model explores communication that is equal
and reciprocal. It does not differentiate between the sender and
receiver, but sees each as being in an equal position as message
encoders and decoders. This model is best for explaining and
examining personal synchronous communication where feedback is
immediate (such as face-to-face discussions). As feedback is
immediate, noise can be reduced through ongoing clarification of
messages during the conversation

Barnlund’s Transactional Model


Barnlund’s Transactional Model of Communication is a model that
explores interpersonal, immediate-feedback communication. Central
to this approach is the idea that feedback for the sender is the reply
for the receiver
Summary of Models

There are three types of models


 Linear models
 Interactive models
 Transactional models

Liner Model: Linear models explain one directional communication


processes.

Aristotle Model: A framework for thinking about how to improve your


communication abilities, by looking at key aspects underpinning a situation.

Lasswell Model: A basic framework for analyzing one-way communication by


asking five questions: Who, said what, through which channel, to whom, with
what effects?

Shanon and Weaver Model: The Shannon-Weaver model is the first to


highlight the role of ‘noise’ in communication, which can disrupt or alter a
message between sender and receiver.
Berlo’s SMCR Model: Berlo’s S-M-C-R model explains it in four
steps: Source,  Message, Channel, and Receiver.

Interactive Model:  Interactive models are best for explaining


impersonal two-way communication processes.

Osgood-Schramm Model:
Transactional Models
Transactional models explain direct personal communication processes where
two-way feedback is immediate.

Barlund’s Transactional Model: Barnlund’s Transactional Model of


Communication highlights the role of private and public cues that impact our
messages.

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