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Topic 1:: Induction Motor Tests

The document discusses different tests performed on induction motors to determine their equivalent circuits: 1. DC test measures the reactance when a DC supply is applied, showing it is zero. This helps determine the rotor restoring current element. 2. No-load test applies balanced voltage at operating frequency while the rotor is uncoupled. It measures inputs to determine losses from winding, core, friction. The rotor branch can be ignored as its current is negligible. 3. Blocked rotor test sets slip to 1 as the rotor is stationary, showing the rotor resistance is negligible and its current very large compared to the excitation branch.

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Rabeea Ahmad
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60 views

Topic 1:: Induction Motor Tests

The document discusses different tests performed on induction motors to determine their equivalent circuits: 1. DC test measures the reactance when a DC supply is applied, showing it is zero. This helps determine the rotor restoring current element. 2. No-load test applies balanced voltage at operating frequency while the rotor is uncoupled. It measures inputs to determine losses from winding, core, friction. The rotor branch can be ignored as its current is negligible. 3. Blocked rotor test sets slip to 1 as the rotor is stationary, showing the rotor resistance is negligible and its current very large compared to the excitation branch.

Uploaded by

Rabeea Ahmad
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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TOPIC 1:

INDUCTION MOTOR TESTS:


The tests that are applied to induction motor for determining its equivalent circuit
are as follows:

1. DC TEST:
In the DC test of the induction motor a DC supply is f=given at the input of the
motor. Due to DC input no voltage is induced in the motor and hence there is no
current. The total reactance of the motor in DC test will be equal to 0.
USED FOR:
Hence this test can be used to find and calculate the element that is responsible
for restoring the current in the rotor.
EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT:
The equivalent circuit is as follows for DC Test.

Figure 1: Induction motor DC test

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PROCEDURE FOR DC TEST:
 As evident from the circuit diagram it has a Y connection with the input DC
supply.
 For the test the current in the stator is set initially at a desired value and
will the help of a DMM the voltage is measured.
 The stator current is now set to a certain value as the experiment for the
test moves along.
 As the two windings of the stator are connected the path of current is then
traced and it comes out to be somewhat represented by the following
equations:

POWER DUE TO LOSSES:


The value of R1 is used to find and calculate the losses due to the power at input.

2. NO LOAD TEST:
In the no load test for induction motors the voltage that is applied to the
termibnals of the stator are equal and balanced at a fixed frequency with the
condition that the rotor is not coupled with any mechanical load.
INPUT QUANTITIES:
The quantities that are measured at the input of the motor includes:
 Current
 Voltage
 Power

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LOSSES:
The main loses that occur in the no load test of induction motors are due to the
following reasons:
 Losses at core
 Losses due to winding
 Losses due to friction.
EQUIVALENT RESISTANCE:
The value of the equivalent resistance of the no load tests due to the very low slip
of induction motor in no load test is as follows:

EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT:
The equivalent resistance is very much high in the rotor branch. Thus due to it the
no load current of the rotor is negligible and thus the rotor branch can be
neglected. Hence the approximate equivalent for the no lad test circuit is shown
below:

Figure 2: Induction motor No load test equivalent circuit

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As visible the no load test have series resistance that is actually the resistance of
the stator of the motor. The losses of the no load induction motor that includes
the winding, core as well as friction losses are also included in the no load
measurement. For this reason we need additional DC resistance of the windings
of the stator. As we have seen that in the no load condition the current in the
rotor is zero hence the losses of the rotor that are the copper losses are also zero.
Hence due to this fact the input power of the no load test is equal to the losses
due to the copper as well as any rotational losses.

The copper losses are shown by the following relation:

As seen from the measurements of the no load tests that is the Vnl, Inl, and Pnl
the equivalent circuit of no load, the equivalent resistance is calculates as using
the relation of the power dissipation as follows:

NO LOAD IMPEDENCE:
The no load impedance is the ratio of the no load voltage to no load current and is
calculated as:

The resistance of the blocked rotor motor is as follows:

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It is to be noted that the values of Xl1 and Xml are not only and uniquely
determined by the no load test only. The blocked test is used to determine the
value of the leakage of stator and it can also be used to find the value of the
magnetizing reactance.

USED TO:
No load test is used to find out:
 Magnetizing reactance
 Combined friction
 Power losses of core
 Power losses of windage

TEST PROCEDURE:
 Apply voltage and frequency with no mechanical load attached.
 Measure input voltage, power and current.
 Use same setup to measure values of VL, IL and PT

Figure 3: Induction motor No load test

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3. BLOCKED ROTOR TEST:
In the v=blocked rotor test we have the slip value as unity as the rotor is
stationary.
EQUIVALENT RESISTANCE:
The equivalent resistance due to the blocked motor test is as follows:

The equivalent resistance of the motor goes to zero and hence the resistance of
the branch of the motor is negligible. Due to it the current of the rotor is very
large and much greater than the excitation branch.

Figure 4: Induction motor Blocked rotor test

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REFERNCES:
[1]Puranen, J., & Lappeenranta teknillinen yliopisto. (2006). Induction motor versus permanent magnet
synchronous motor in motion control applications: A comparative study. Lappeenranta: Lappeenranta
University of Technology.

[2]Applications of electromagnetic induction. (2015). Retrieved 3 February 2015, from


http://physics.bu.edu/~duffy/PY106/Electricgenerators.html

[3]Induction Machines. (2015). Retrieved 3 February 2015, from


http://people.ucalgary.ca/~aknigh/electrical_machines/induction/i_main.html

[4](ET) AC motor theory, dynamic braking, and regeneration. (2015). Retrieved 3 February 2015, from
http://cosmos.phy.tufts.edu/mhonarc/elec-trak/msg00253.html

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