GATEWAY INTEGRATED SCHOOL What is Function?

OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A function is a relation defined as a set of ordered pair (x,y)
GENERAL TRIAS CAMPUS where no two or more distinct ordered pairs have the same first
Sitio Tinungan, Brgy. Manggahan, General Trias, Cavite
Contact Numbers: 0930-021-9394 / 0906-688-2622 / (046) 433-5477 element ( x) , that is , every value of x corresponds to a unique
value of y . A function can be named using any letter of the English
General Mathematics
alphabet.
Lesson 1 Example1: Determined whether each of the following is a function
Concepts of Functions or not.
a. f= {(10, -1), (2, -5), (4, -9), (6, -13)}
b. R= {(a, o), (b, -1), (c,0), (d, -1)}
c. g = (5, -10), (25, -75), (50, -100)
d. T = {(-2,0), (-1,1), (0,1), (-2,2)}
Solution: The examples given in (a) and (b) are functions since no
two ordered pairs have the same value of x.
Example (c) is not a function as it does not indicate a set. It
simply a listing of ordered pairs. Example (d) is not a
function because there are ordered pairs having the same
first element x.
The idea of function can also be extended to real life
situation. For example, plants rely on the amount of sunlight
and rainfall for growth. The are of a square is defined by the
length of its side. In the same manner, the relationship that
exist between chemical element and its corresponding
Name chemical symbol also indicates a function.

Example 2: Identify whether the relationship that exist

between each of the following pairs indicates a function or
Grade/Section not.
Prepared by: a. A Jeepney and its plate
Mr. Jhon Robert S. CLavo b. A student and his ID number
c. A teacher and his cellular phone
Subject Teacher
d. A pen and the color of its ink
 Solution: Solution: The graph in (a) and (b) illustrate a function. Notice that
a. Function. A jeepney can only be assigned one when a vertical line is drawn over these graphs, the line will intersect
plate number. each graph in (c) is not a function because any vertical line will
b. Function. A student may only be issued on ID intersect the graphs at two or three points.
number.
c. Not a Function. A teacher may have two or more The relationship between the variables x and y can be denoted by
cellular phones. the equation y = f (x).
d. Not a Function. There are some pens that have This rule allows you to determine the unique value of y for every
two or three colors of inks contained in only one given value of x.
unit. Variable x – is the independent variable
Another way to determine functions is through their graphs. Variable y – is the dependent variable
Recall that in a function, every value of the independent Since y = f (x), y = 2x-1 , for instance , can also be written
variable, say x, corresponding to a unique value of the as f(x), y = 2x-1.
dependent variable y. Therefore, any vertical line drawn The relationship between the independent and dependent
through the graph a function must intersect the graph at variables, defined by an equation or a rule, is summarized in figure
exactly one point. This is known as the VERTICAL LINE 3.
test for a function. Input Process Output
Value Value
VERTICAL LINE- test for a function- states that if each of x Equation of y
vertical line intersects a graph in the x-y plane at exactly one or rule
point, then the graph illustrates a function.

Example 3: Which of the following graphs illustrate a

function?

Example 4: Find the value of y in the equation y = 3x – 2 if x = -1

Solution: Substitute the value of x into the given equation, then

solve for y.
Y = 3x -2
= 3 ( -1) -2
= -5
Therefore, in the given equation, if x = -1, then y = -5. These values
can be written as an ordered pair ( -1, -5).
 3𝑥+8 d. Divide the function value for x = -1 by the function value
Example 5: If the value of y in the equation y = is 2, find x.
𝑥−2
for x = 4.
Solution: Replace y with 2 in the equation, then solve for x.
𝑓( −1) 5 ( −1)−3
3𝑥+8 =
2= 𝑓 ( 4) 5( 4)−3
𝑥−2
−8
2(x – 2) = 3x + 8 Multiply both sides by x -2 = 17
2x -4 = 3x+ 8 Distributive property of multiplication Example 2: Let f(x) = 3x2- x + 5. Find the following:
2x – 3x = 8 + 4 Combining similar terms
-x = 12
a. f( 4)
3
c. f (x+ 1)
X = -12 Dividing both sides by -1 b. f(x) + f(2x-1) d. f(2x2) – f(-3x)
Therefor e, x = -12 if y = 2 in the given equation. Solution:
Evaluating functions: 3 3 3
a. f (4) = 3(4)2 - 4 + 5
You have learned in the previous discussion that a function 9 3
can be presented in a form of an equation. The number assigned to = 3(16) - 4 + 5
27 3
a given variable determines the value of the function at that number. = 16 - 4 + 5
This process is known as Evaluating functions. When you evaluate 95 15
= or 5
a function, it used in the equation. 16 16

Example 1: Let f be a function defined by f(x) = 5x – 3. Find the b. f (x+ 1) = 3(x+ 1)2 (x + 1) + 5
following: = 3(x2+ 2x + 1) – (x+1) +5
1 = 3x2+ 6x + 3 – x -1 + 5
a. f (-2) c. f( 2)
= 3x2 + 5x + 7
𝑓( −1)
b. f (3) + f ( -3) d.
𝑓( 4) c. f(x) + f(2x-1) = (3x2- x + 5) + [3(2x-1)2-1(2x-1) +5]
Solution: Replace the variable x in equation by the given value of x = 3x2-x + 5 + [ 3(4x2-4x+ 1) -2x + 1 + 5]
in each item. Then simplify. = 3x2 – x + 5 + 12x2 – 12x + 3 -2x + 6
a. f ( -2) = 5 ( -2) -3 = -13 = 15x2 – 15x + 14
1 1 d. f(2x2) – f (-3x) = [3(2x2)2- 2x2+ 5]- [3( -3x)2- (-3x) +
b. f( 2) = 5 ( 2) -3
5]
5
=2–3 = 3(4x4) -2x2 + 5 – [3(9x2) + 3x + 5]
=-2
1 = 12x4 -2x2 + 5 – (27x2 + 3x + 5)
= 12x4 -2x2 + 5 -27x2- 3x-5
c. Find the value of f for x = 3 and for x = - 3. Then add the
= 12x4 – 29x2- 3x
results.
f (3) + f ( -3) = [ 5(3) – 3] + [ 5(-3) -3]
for x = 3 for x = -3
= (15 – 3) + ( -15 -3)
= 12 + ( -18)
Quiz 1: Solve the Following
1. let 𝑓 be a function defined by the f (x)= 8x + 3
3
a. f (10) c. f ( 5)
𝑓( −7)
b. d. f ( -4) + f (2)
𝑓 ( 8)

Quiz# 2: Solve the following.

1. Evaluate each function
7 5
a. g(x) = 2x + 4 , g ( 𝑥 − 3)
b. f(x) = 2x-2; f(x-2)
2. Let f(x) = x -2, Find the following
a. f (121)
b. f[(-9x)2]
3. Let f(x) = 5x2 + x- 2. Find the following:
a. f(x-2)
b. f(x)- f(3x-1)