Name: _____________________________________

UWin: [email protected]
Signature: _________________________________

UNIVERSITY OF WINDSOR
Faculty of Engineering
MECH 3228 Heat Transfer

Heat Transfer Assignment Problems Set #6 - Sec. 1 – July 7th, 2021

Problem #1: The inside of a cast iron bearing is attached to a shaft with a diameter, d. The shaft rotates at a certain speed,
such that the tangential velocity is V, while the outside of the bearing is maintained stationary and has a diameter, D. The
gap between the shaft and the inner bearing surfaces is filled with a lubricating oil with dynamic viscosity, µ and thermal
Summer 2020 Version #1
conductivity, koil. The oil is uniformly distributed, and the thickness of the film is maintained uniform at a height, H. The
Problem 2 (15 marks): The inside of a cast iron bearing is attached to a shaft with a diameter, d. The
outside surface of the bearing is being cooled using liquid cooling such that the temperature is maintained at temperature,
shaft rotates at a certain speed, such that the tangential velocity is V, while the outside of the bearing is
To while the
maintained temperature
inside stationary andishas
maintained
a diameter, at
D.temperature Ti. Determine
The gap between the shaft andan
theexpression
inner bearing forsurfaces
the heat
is flux to the coolant.
Provide a filled
clear with
solution explaining
a lubricating all your
oil with assumptions.
dynamic viscosity µ Start with the
and thermal governing
conductivity koilequation
. The oil isgiven by:
uniformly
distributed, and the thickness of the film is maintained uniform at a height, H. The outside surface of the
bearing is being 𝜕𝑇 using𝜕𝑇
cooled liquid 𝜕 " 𝑇such𝜕that
cooling
"𝑇
the 𝜕𝑢 is" maintained
temperature 𝜕𝑣 " at temperature,
𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑣 "To
𝜌𝑐! #𝑢 + 𝑣 + = 𝑘 . " + " / + 𝜇 12 3# + + # + 4 + # + + 5
𝜕𝑥
while the inside temperature is𝜕𝑦maintained𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦
at temperature 𝜕𝑥 an expression
Ti. Determine 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦heat𝜕𝑥
for the flux to
the coolant. Provide a clear solution explaining all your assumptions.
To guide you through the solution, at the minimum you should answer the following questions providing detailed
Follow the problem-solving guide on the front page. To guide you through the solution, at the minimum
justifications:
1. What you are should
the modesanswer the following questions providing detailed justifications:
of heat transfer in the system?
2. Is this1.a timeWhatdependent
are the modesor of
steady state problem?
heat transfer Why or why not?
in the system?
3. Is this2.a 1-D,Is this2-D or 3-D
a time problem?
dependent Why
or steady or problem?
state why not?Why or why not?
4. What 3. is the thermal
Is this a 1-D,conductivity of the material?
2-D or 3-D problem? Why or why Can
not?you assume it constant and if so, why?
5. The heat 4. What is thecoefficient
transfer thermal conductivity of the material?
is a function of manyCan you assume
variables. it constant
Discuss the and if so, why?
variables and whether the heat transfer
5. The
coefficient canheat
betransfer
assumed coefficient is a function of many variables. Discuss the variables and whether the
to be constant.
heat transfer coefficient can be assumed to be constant.
6. What boundary condition are you applying and why?
6. What boundary condition are you applying and why?
7. Are viscous
7. Are viscous significant?
effects Why Why?
effects significant? or why not?
8. Is pressure significant?
8. Is pressure significant?
Given diameter d outside temperature To
:

shaft inside
,

temperature
,

outside diameter Ti
① bearing
D ,

dynamic viscosity , µ
thermal Koil
conductivity ,

thickness
film ,
H

① Find :

•,y
To
Schematic :

geodantqant.ge
I
t.IM#eal
)

① " 1- ay up oil H D

1
 Summer 2020 Version #1
Assumptions :

conditions constant at V
I .

steady operating since

velocity remains ,

and
temperature do not
vary
with time such that
Ti and
To at all time
they are

v.
instances .
①
Heat
transfer
2
is a is
from the center
of the shaft towards
.
-

the coolant since the maintained at

Ti and
To
surfaces are
uniformly
throughout lie .
isotherms ) ①
3. Thermal
conductivity can be assumed constant since the
temperatures are not
to
expected be
significantly different to ①
significant change in the
cause a
thermal
4. Heat
transfer conductivity
the velocities
geometry and
be assumed

temperature ,
coefficient can
constant
remain
since

constant ①
laminar
stoneware
5. is
since the distance to be
It is assumed ①
6 Flow is
it between
flow large
2 is since
modelled
.

is
-

parallel plates hence

as
④
z direction is whereas
uniform
-

x and directions cannot be

y neglected .

Analysis :

From
continuity :

% ④
2÷,= My )
+

2÷y
= o ⇒ o =
-
u -
-

velocity profile
.

remains
but
.

direction
it
changes
unchanged in x -

in
direction
y that ①
-

Noting cc
u is
.

no

negligible
:
to
compared
.

Also
flow maintained
by
u
the is
.

velocity of shaft :
,

pressure be
neglected g×
.

momentum and
can
0

equation ①
-

becomes :

¥+9
atom

"
"

¥!
"

Her a
Ey .
-

az÷
. .

Summer 2020 Version #1

Cz
ly )
-
t
Cay
u -

Be .

u ( o ) =
V velocity at
y
-
-

o is the velocity of shaft ①

at stationary
bearing
is
CH ) o
velocity o is
zero
since
y
u
- -
.
-
-

Name: __________________________________ UWin ID: ________________ @uwindsor.ca

Energy equation :

B. c .
T
Cy
-
-

H
) -

Ti since it is the temperature of the inside

①
of bearing .

in coolant
= k -
( Too -

Ti )
①

2
Problem #2: Consider a flat plate with its surface temperature maintained constant at 90 °C. You decide to send
air at 0.3 m/s and 110 °C over the flat plate in the hopes to cool it. If the air is flowing over the plate in cross flow,
are you cooling the surface? At what rate per unit area is the heat being transferred?

3
Problem #3: In a cooling process you experimentally identified an expression for the convective heat transfer coefficient
1/3
for flow over Problem
a spherical#2:shape of the
Cooling form
citrus h=5.05k
by air airRe practice
is a common /D where
and D is the
it was characteristic
experimentally length. that
determined Thisforis valid for air
velocities between 0.11 and of
air velocities 0.330.11<V<0.33
m/s. Considering
m/s the airconvective
at 5 °C flowing at a velocity
heat transfer of 0.3can
coefficient m/s,bewhat is the initial
expressed as rate of heat
1/3
transfer from ah=5.05k airRe /D where
7-cm diameter objectDinitially
is the characteristic
at 15 °C iflength. Refrigerated
the thermal air at 5 °Cofand
conductivity 1 atm
0.50 at a velocity
W/mK? At whatof 0.3
rate is the object
m/s flows over
dropping its temperature perthe citrus. Determine:
millimeter? What is the value of the Nusselt number?
a. Initial rate of heat transfer from a 7-cm diameter grapefruit initially at 15 °C (thermal conductivity
of 0.50 W/mK)
b. The value of the initial temperature gradient inside the orange at the surface
c. The value of the Nusselt number
Given : h - 5.05 Kay Re "2/D Find : & when D= 0.07 m

15°C
To = 5°C Is =

Fr
✓ 0.3 m/s K 0.50 KYMK

0.50¥
=

of
=

,
Nu
;

Assumptions :

With time
1.
steady operating
conditions since there are no changes
in the
flow temperatureor

2. constant thermal
properties ( k=
,<
)
heat be calculated at every
3 .

transfer coefficient is constant ( h can

instance )
radiation if any is
4.
,
, neglected .

Properties from Table A -15

page
926 @ If III '5ztI 10°C
=

=
=

Kain

1,1
KI 1.426×155
=
0.02439 .
D= m2/s
mk .
1

Analysis :

)
( 0.3 mlsko otm .

Re = =
1472.7
Emmys
= .

'
B
h = 5.05 ( o . 02439
PYIKX
-
1472 .

7)
=
zo.az I
m2K
0.07 m
¥5
.

'

W
&= off ](
5) °c
)([I
15 =3 08
HASCTS To ) (
@
-

ozimek
-
= e. o .
.

:&
b.
Energy
balance at
surface ofgrapefruit and
=
Oiao . ✓

Qand KASDI 50¥

[ Eco o*m7] day 7.
=[
7o⇐'F)]ddrI
= -
= ° .

dr MK
\

ddt
308*1
[-7.70*4-2] DI
.°±
⇒

←Ans
=
= >
.

wo eg

4.of
.

K
= .

dr m

cooled at rate °C mm

grapefruit Kung per

a is a oo .

2
=(2°.°2kYm2k)(°.°t# ←Ans
the
.

c . Hu =
=
gy ,
qg

0.02439
KYMK