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Examples: Disks, Disk Drives, Display Screens, Keyboards, Printers, Boards and Chips, Usb To Midi, Usb Hub

Computer is a programmable machine that responds to instructions and can execute prerecorded programs. It has hardware components like disks, screens, and chips that can be touched, and software programs and data that have no physical form. The basic building blocks of digital information are bits, which are either 1s or 0s, and bytes, which are groups of 8 bits. The central processing unit is the brain that controls the computer and executes instructions at clock speed. Memory, hard disks, and buses are used to store and transmit data between parts of the computer. Application programs run on operating systems, and technologies like USB and wireless networks allow connection of devices and access to information.

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473 views

Examples: Disks, Disk Drives, Display Screens, Keyboards, Printers, Boards and Chips, Usb To Midi, Usb Hub

Computer is a programmable machine that responds to instructions and can execute prerecorded programs. It has hardware components like disks, screens, and chips that can be touched, and software programs and data that have no physical form. The basic building blocks of digital information are bits, which are either 1s or 0s, and bytes, which are groups of 8 bits. The central processing unit is the brain that controls the computer and executes instructions at clock speed. Memory, hard disks, and buses are used to store and transmit data between parts of the computer. Application programs run on operating systems, and technologies like USB and wireless networks allow connection of devices and access to information.

Uploaded by

Jea Xelene
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1.

Basic Computer Fundamentals

• Computer is a programmable machine with 2 principal characteristics:


1. It responds to a specific set of instructions in a well-defined manner
2. It can execute a prerecorded list of instructions (a program).
• Modern Computers - electronic and digital. They can be described in terms of
their hardware and software.
• Hardware - actual machinery or obj you can actually touch..
examples: disks, disk drives, display screens, keyboards, printers, boards and
chips, usb to midi, usb hub.
• Software - exists as ideas, concepts, symbols, but has no substance.
• Books provide useful analogy. Pages and ink are hardware, words and
sentences are software. • Random access technology - data can be accessed in
any order and time. LANGUAGE OF COMPUTERS
• Binary - the digital language of computers; contains 2 letters known as bits.
• Bit -smallest form of info; a zero or a one.
• Byte - a word of information in binary. 8 bits = 1 bytes on modern comp.
• Bit rate - the number of letters or bits in a digital word or byte. (see the pic.)
• CPU (Central Processing Unit)- the brain of the computer. Most important
element of the comp.
• Clock speed / Clock rate - the speed at which a microprocessor executes
instructions.
• Bus - a collection if wires through which the data is transmitted from one part
of a comp to another; have clock speed.
• Hard disk -magnetic disk on which u can store comp data. Holds more data and
faster than floppy disk. 10 to more than 100 gigabytes (whereas floppy have max
storage of 1.4 megabytes)
• RAM (Random Access Memory) - computer memory that can be accessed
randomly. Can be accessed without touching the preceeding bytes. Most
common type of memory found in comps. Synonymous to MAIN MEMORY. Read-
write RAM.
• ROM (Read-only memory) – REFERS TO SPECIAL MEMORY USED TO STORE
PRGRAMS, allows random access. Read-only ROM.
• Operating System Software - the most important program that runs on
computers.
• Application Programs - must be written to run on top of a particular operating
system.
• USB (Universal Serial Bus) - external bus standard that supports data transfer
rates of 12 mbps. Can be used to connect up to 127 peripheral devices.
 USB 2.0 - external bus standard that supports data transfer rates of 48-
MBPS

2. LIVING-IN-IT-ERA
• Microsoft Word - a word processing tool that helps u create a professional
quality documents.

3. IT-ERA 2
• ICT (Information and Communication Technologies) - provides access to info
through telecommunications. Focuses primarily on comm tech. This includes
internet, woreless networks, cellphones
• ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer) - 1st electronic general
purpose computer. It was turing-complete, digital, and could solve a large class of
nimerical problems through reprogramming.

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