Scribd
Upload
3K views

Chapter 4: Presentation, Analysis, and Interpretation of Data

This document discusses various statistical techniques for analyzing data including percentage, mean, and standard deviation. It provides examples of calculating each from sample data on parents who opted to receive digital learning modules and on a survey of students' study habits. The document also explains how to interpret mean values on a five-point Likert scale and establishes ranges to describe the levels of agreement or disagreement.

Uploaded by

Almonte Mateo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
3K views

Chapter 4: Presentation, Analysis, and Interpretation of Data

This document discusses various statistical techniques for analyzing data including percentage, mean, and standard deviation. It provides examples of calculating each from sample data on parents who opted to receive digital learning modules and on a survey of students' study habits. The document also explains how to interpret mean values on a five-point Likert scale and establishes ranges to describe the levels of agreement or disagreement.

Uploaded by

Almonte Mateo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 9

CHAPTER 4: PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, and

INTERPRETATION OF DATA

Statistical Techniques

1. Percentage is any proportion from the whole.


𝑃𝐴𝑅𝑇
Formula: 𝑃𝐸𝑅𝐶𝐸𝑁𝑇𝐴𝐺𝐸(%) = ( ) 𝑋100
𝑊𝐻𝑂𝐿𝐸

Example:

Here’s a data gathered by Purok A City High School administration regarding


the number of Grade 7 parents who opted to receive digital copies of the learning
modules.

Table 1: Percentage of Parents who Opted to Receive Digital Copies of Learning Modules

Total Number of Parents who


Sections Number of opted to received digital Percentage (%)
Parents copies of learning modules
7-A 30 24 (24÷30)X100 = 80%
7-B 25 25 (25÷25)X100 = 100%
7-C 32 16 (16÷32)X100 = 50%
7-D 30 11 (12÷30)X100 = 40%
TOTAL 117 76 (76÷117)X100 = 64.96%

2. Mean or average is the middlemost value of your list of values and this can be obtained by
adding all the values and divide the obtained sum to the number of values.
𝑆𝑈𝑀 𝑂𝐹 𝐴𝐿𝐿 𝑉𝐴𝐿𝑈𝐸𝑆
Formula: 𝑀𝐸𝐴𝑁(𝑋) =
𝑁𝑈𝑀𝐵𝐸𝑅 𝑂𝐹 𝑉𝐴𝐿𝑈𝐸𝑆

Example:

1. Ungrouped Data
Refer to Table 1 above, to get the mean or average number of parents who
opted to receive digital copies of learning modules, do the following:
24+25+16+11 76
𝑀𝐸𝐴𝑁(𝑋) = 4
= 4= 19
2. Grouped Data
Here’s the data gathered from the survey on Study Habits conducted by the Grade 12
students to the 150 Grade 7 students of Purok A City High School.

Table 2: Mean Distribution of the Study Habits of Students


A Questionnaire to Review Your Study Habits
Strongly Agree Undecided Disagree Strongly Mean (𝑋) Verbal
Agree (4) (3) (2) Disagree Description
(5) (1)
I study where 120x5 10x4 0x3 15x2 5x1 600 + 40 + 0 + 30 + 5 Strongly
there is good =600 =40 =0 =30 =5 150 Agree
lighting. =4.5
I study in a 100x5 20x4 5x3 10x2 15x1 500 + 80 + 15 + 20 + 15 Agree
room where =500 =80 =15 =20 =15 150
the =4.2
temperature
is cool.

3. Standard Deviation shows the spread of data around the mean.


2
∑( √ 𝑥−𝑥)
Formula: 𝑆𝐷 = 𝑛

Example:

Table 2: Mean and Standard Deviation Distribution of the Study Habits of Students

A Questionnaire to Review Your Study Habits


SA A U D SD Mean Mean (𝑋) Standard Deviation (𝑆𝐷)
(𝑋)

I study 120x25 10x16 0x9 15x4 5x1 4.5 3000 + 160 + 0 + 60 + 5


=√21.50 − 4.5
where there =3000 =160 =0 =60 =5 150
is good =4.12
=21.50
lighting.
I study in a 100x25 20x16 5x9 10x4 15x1 4.2 2500 + 320 + 45 + 40 + 15
=√19.47 − 4.2
room where =2500 =320 =45 =40 =15 150
the =19.47
=3.91
temperature
is cool.

Abbreviation Numerical Values


Strongly Agree (SA) - 5
Agree (A) - 4
Undecided (U) - 3
Disagree (D) - 2
Strongly Disagree (SD) - 1

One need to get the range from which the mean of a five-point Likert can be interpreted. There are
two methods to do this, if we treat the Likert scale as interval/ratio. First, the usual way is to
calculate the interval by computing the range (e.g. 5 − 1 = 4), then divided it by the maximum value
(e.g. 4 ÷ 5 = 0.80). Ultimately, we get the following result:
From 1 to 1.80 represents (strongly disagree). From 1.81 to 2.60 represents (do not
agree).
From 2.61 to 3.40 represents (true to some extent). From 3:41 to 4:20 represents
(agree).
From 4:21 to 5:00 represents (strongly agree).

results:

The other way is to treat the selection as the range themselves, and so we get these

From 0.01 to 1.00 is (strongly disagree); From 1.01 to 2.00 is (disagree);


From 2.01 to 3.00 is (neutral);
From 3.01 to 4:00 is (agree);
From 4.01 to 5.00 is (strongly agree)

Here’s how it will appear in your research paper.

You might also like