AOD-Angle of Intersection & Mean Value Theorems

APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES

MATHEMATIC
S
 Every Monday - Wednesday - Friday
6 pm (1 hour FREE Class)

Fri: Application of Derivatives - 4

(Increasing and Decreasing Functions)

Mon: Application of Derivatives - 5

(Maxima and Minima)
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Example

Let then f(x) decreases in the interval:

JEE 2000
AA B

C D
Example
Let

Then f is strictly increasing in the interval

JEE 2012
A B

C D
Example

The value of c for which the conclusion of mean value theorem holds
for the function on the interval [1, 3], is

A B JEE 2007

C D
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AOD - Increasing & Decreasing Functions

APPLICATION
INCREASING AND OF
DECREASING DERIVATIVES
FUNCTIONS

MATHEMATIC
S
AOD - Increasing & Decreasing Functions

INCREASING AND DECREASING FUNCTIONS

APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES
f(x2)
A function f (x) is said to be increasing if
x2 > x1 ⇒ f (x2) > f (x1) f(x1)
A function f (x) is said to be decreasing if
x1 x2
x2 > x1 ⇒ f (x2) < f (x1)
A function f (x) is said to be non decreasing if
x2 > x1 ⇒ f (x2) ≥ f (x1)
A function f (x) is said to be non increasing if
f(x1) x2
x2 > x1 ⇒ f(x2) ≤ f(x1) MATHEMATIC x1
f(x2)
S
AOD - Increasing & Decreasing Functions

DERIVATIVE TEST
APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES

MATHEMATIC
S
AOD - Increasing & Decreasing Functions

DERIVATIVE
TEST APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES
Let us study a test to check if the function is increasing or decreasing
If function is differentiable then
f ′(x) > 0 ⇒ f is increasing f ′(x) < 0 ⇒ f is decreasing

For a function f(x) = x3 , we have f ′(x) ≥ 0, But , x3 is an

where f ′(x) = 0 at x = 0. increasing function
We need to take care that set of values
for which f ′(x) = 0 do not form an interval.
MATHEMATIC
S
AOD - Increasing & Decreasing Functions

Example
APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES
This is ‘Non decreasing’ ;
and not ‘Increasing’.
a b

For increasing or decreasing, we find values by

f ′(x) ≥ 0 f ′ (x) ≥ 0 implies function is increasing For increasing ;
provided f ′ (x) = 0 at only few points f ′(x) should not be equal
and not in an interval. to zero for an interval

MATHEMATIC
S
AOD - Increasing & Decreasing Functions

Note
APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES
Increasing in [a , b]

a b

Increasing in [a , b]

a b

Increasing in [a , b)
MATHEMATIC
a b S
AOD - Increasing & Decreasing Functions

APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES

MONOTONIC FUNCTIONS

MATHEMATIC
S
AOD - Increasing & Decreasing Functions
Monotonic functions
APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES
Monotonic means “single behavior”
A function is said to be monotonic in (a , b)
if it is either only increasing or only decreasing in (a , b)

Example
From a to c this function
is not monotonic
a b c
In the interval (a , b) the above function
is monotonic increasing
In the interval (b , c) the aboveMATHEMATIC
function
is monotonic decreasing S
AOD - Increasing & Decreasing Functions

Example Find interval of increase and

APPLICATION OF decrease for
DERIVATIVES
y = x3 – 3x2 – 9x + 20

MATHEMATIC
S
AOD - Increasing & Decreasing Functions

Example Find interval of increase and

APPLICATION OF decrease for
DERIVATIVES
y = x3 – 3x2 – 9x + 20

Solution : f ′(x) = 3x2 – 6x – 9 = 3(x + 1)(x – 3)

+ – +
–1 3

Interval of increase (–∞ , –1] ∪ [3 ,∞)

Interval of decrease [–1 , 3]
MATHEMATIC
S
Example

Let , then the interval in which y increases with

respect to x is

A
B
C
D
Example
Let , then the interval in which y increases with
respect to x is

A B
C D

Solution:
Example

Let then f(x) decreases in the interval:

JEE 2000
AA B

C D
Example
Let then f(x) decreases in the interval:

AA B

C D

Solution:
Example
Let

Then f is strictly increasing in the interval

JEE 2012
A B

C D
Let

Then f is strictly increasing in the interval

A B
C D

Solution:
Example
Let Then f is strictly increasing in the interval

A B
C D
Solution: For f(x) to be increasing
AOD - Increasing & Decreasing Functions
Example Find k such that f (x) = 2x2 – kx + 5 is increasing on [1, 2].
APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES

MATHEMATIC
S
AOD - Increasing & Decreasing Functions

2
Example Find k such
APPLICATION–OF
that f (x) = 2x kx +DERIVATIVES
5 is increasing on [1, 2].

Solution : f '(x) = 4x – k k should be less than or equal

to every value in [4,8]
f '(x) ≥ 0 for x ∈ [1,
2]
4x – k ≥ 0 for x ∈ [1,
k ≤ 4x 2] for x ∈ [1,
2]
k≤4

MATHEMATIC
S
Example
If f(x) satisfies the conditions of Rolle’s theorem in [1, 2] and f(x) is

continuous in [1, 2], then is equal to

AA B DCE 2002
C D
Example
If f(x) satisfies the conditions of Rolle’s theorem in [1, 2] and f(x) is
continuous in [1, 2], then is equal to

AA B

C D

Solution: Since, f(x) satisfies all the conditions of Rolle’s theorem.

Now,
AOD-Angle of Intersection & Mean Value Theorems

APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES

LMVT - LAGRANGE MEAN VALUE THEOREM

MATHEMATIC
S
AOD-Angle of Intersection & Mean Value Theorems

LMVT-Lagrange mean value Theorem

APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES
If a function f(x) satisfies
1) f(x) is continuous in [a ,b]
2) f(x) is differentiable in (a ,b)

then ∃ c ∈ (a , b) f(b) – f(a) Average rate of change

f ′(c) =
s.t. b–a over the interval

Becomes equal to instantaneous rate of change at some

point inside the interval
MATHEMATIC
S
AOD-Angle of Intersection & Mean Value Theorems

APPLICATION
LMVT-Lagrange OF Theorem
mean value DERIVATIVES

Consider a chord joining A and B

B
(b, f(b))

A
(a, f (a)) f(b) – f(a)
f ′(c) = c ∈(a,b)
c b–a

MATHEMATIC
S
AOD-Angle of Intersection & Mean Value Theorems

APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES

EXAMPLES ON LMVT

MATHEMATIC
S
Example

The value of c for which the conclusion of mean value theorem holds
for the function on the interval [1, 3], is

A B JEE 2007

C D
Example
The value of c for which the conclusion of mean value theorem holds
for the function on the interval [1, 3], is

AA B

C D

Solution: Applying mean value theorem, we have

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