Limits, Continuity and Differentiability

RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS

MATHEMATIC
S
Limits, Continuity and Differentiability

RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS

MATHEMATIC
S
 Every Monday - Wednesday - Friday
6 pm (1 hour FREE Class)

Wed: Application of Derivatives - 1

(Derivative as Rate Measure + Approximations and Errors)

Fri: Application of Derivatives - 2

(Tangents and Normals)
Derivative as a Rate Measure

APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES
APPLICATION OF
DERIVATIVES
Where??..
DERIVATIVE AS A RATE MEASURE

Why??..

MATHEMATIC
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Derivative as a Rate Measure

Derivative as a Rate Measure

APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES
Δy
The ratio is average rate of change of ‘y’ with respect to ‘x’
Δx

where Δx represents change in ‘x’

& Δy represents change in ‘y’ dy
represents
dx x
0
Now, if we apply the limit Δx → 0 instantaneous. rate of change of ‘y’
w.r.t. x, at x = x0
lim Δy dy
Δx → 0 = MATHEMATIC
Δx dx
S
Derivative as a Rate Measure

APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES

EXAMPLES ON DERIVATIVE AS RATE MEASURE

MATHEMATIC
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Derivative as a Rate Measure

APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES

MATHEMATIC
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Derivative as a Rate Measure

APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES

MATHEMATIC
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Derivative as a Rate Measure
Example
The volume of aAPPLICATION
spherical balloonOF is DERIVATIVES
increasing at the rate of 40 cubic
centimetre per minute. The rate of change of the surface of the balloon
at the instant when its radius is 8 centimetre, is

A
IIT Roorkee 1983

D
MATHEMATIC
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The volume of a spherical balloon is increasing at the rate of 40 cubic
centimetre per minute. The rate of change of the surface of the balloon
at the instant when its radius is 8 centimetre, is
A B C D
Solution: Let r be the radius, V be the volume and S be the surface area of the spherical
balloon at any time t. Then,

Here,
Derivative as a Rate Measure

Example
APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES
A spherical iron ball 10 cm in radius is coated with a layer of ice of
uniform thickness that melts at a rate of 50 . when the thickness
of ice is 5 cm, then the rate at which the thickness of ice decreases is
A AIEEE 2005

D MATHEMATIC
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Derivative as a Rate Measure

Example
APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES
A spherical iron ball 10 cm in radius is coated with a layer of ice of
uniform thickness that melts at a rate of 50 . when the thickness
of ice is 5 cm, then the rate at which the thickness of ice decreases is
Solution: Let h be the thickness of ice and V be the volume at any time t. Then,

MATHEMATIC
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Derivative as a Rate Measure

A spherical iron ball 10 cm in radius is coated with a layer of ice of

APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES
uniform thickness that melts at a rate of 50 . When the thickness
of ice is 5 cm, then the rate at which the thickness of ice decreases is
A B

C D
Solution: Let h be the thickness of ice and V be the volume at any time
t. Then,

MATHEMATIC
S of ice decreases is
Hence, the rate at which the thickness cm/min.
https://vdnt.in/JEEVedantu
Derivative as a Rate Measure

Example
APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES
A man 2m high, walks at a uniform speed of 6m/min, away from lamp
post, 5m high. Find rate at which length of its shadow changes.

A. 3m/min
B. 4m/min
C. 5m/min
D. 6m/min

MATHEMATIC
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Derivative as a Rate Measure

Example
APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES
A man 2m high, walks at a uniform speed of 6m/min, away from lamp
post, 5m high. Find rate at which length of its shadow changes.
Let x be the distance between man and lamp
Solution
post and y be the length of shadow of man

dx
= 6
dt
5m
dy
2m
We are asked
dt
x y
MATHEMATIC
Observe that we have
to relate xSand y
Derivative as a Rate Measure

Example
APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES
A man 2m high, walks at a uniform speed of 6m/min, away from lamp
post, 5m high. Find rate at which length of its shadow changes.
Solution dx
= 6 Using properties
dt
of similar triangles
5 2
=
x+y y
3y = 2x Differentiating
5m
w.r.t. time
2m 3dy 2dx
=
dt dt
x y
dy 2MATHEMATIC
= × 6 = 4m/min
dt 3 S
Derivative as a Rate Measure
Example
APPLICATION
An aeroplane is flying OF
horizontally at DERIVATIVES
a height of
2
kms with a velocity
3
15 km/hr. Find rate at which it is moving away from a point on the
ground it passed two minutes ago.

MATHEMATIC
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Derivative as a Rate Measure
Example
An aeroplane isAPPLICATION
flying horizontallyOF
at aDERIVATIVES
2
height of kms with a velocity
3
15 km/hr. Find rate at which it is moving away from a point on the
ground it passed two minutes ago.
Solution : dl
x We need to find
dt

2 Using Pythagoras theorem

3 l

2 2 2 MATHEMATIC
l = √ 3
+x
S
Derivative as a Rate Measure
x
2 2 APPLICATION Differentiating
OF DERIVATIVES
l = √ 3
+ x2
w.r.t time 2
3 l
dl 1 dx
= × 2x ×
dt 2 dt
2
2 √ x2+
3 dx
dt
= 15 km/hr
x is the horizontal Distance covered in 2 minutes
15 km
Horizontal distance = × 2 min = 1/2 km
60 min

dl = 9 km/hr
MATHEMATIC
dt . S
Derivative as a Rate Measure

APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES

MATHEMATIC
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Derivative as a Rate Measure

APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES

MATHEMATIC
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Derivative as a Rate Measure

APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES

MATHEMATIC
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Derivative as a Rate Measure

APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES

ERRORS AND APPROXIMATIONS

MATHEMATIC
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Derivative as a Rate Measure

Errors and Approximations

APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES
Approximation is, knowing the value of a function at one point and using it to
decide the value of the function at another point.

E.g. We know the value of f(2) And we approximate the value of f(2.001)

Error: If error in x is Δx, and y is a function of x, what will be the error in y ?

MATHEMATIC
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Derivative as a Rate Measure
Results
APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES
Δy dy
We know, if Δx → 0, then the quantity =
Δx dx
However, if Δx is small, then Δy dy f(a + h) – f(a)
≈ f ′ (a) =
Δx dx h
dy
1) Δy ≈ ×Δx
dx Smaller the magnitude of Δx , better is the
approximation

2) f(a + h) = f(a) + h.f ′(a)

It is used to find f(a + h);
MATHEMATIC
knowing f(a) and f ′(a)
S
Derivative as a Rate Measure

APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES

EXAMPLES ON ERRORS AND APPROXIMATIONS

MATHEMATIC
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Derivative as a Rate Measure
Example
APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES
Find approximate value of (1.999)6

MATHEMATIC
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Derivative as a Rate Measure
Example
APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES
Find approximate value of (1.999)6
Solution :
f(x) = x6
f ′(x) = 6x5
f(a + h) = f(a) + h.f ′(a) a = 2 and h = –0.001

(1.999)6 = 64 + (–0.001) × 6 × (2)5

= 64 – 0.192 = 63.808
MATHEMATIC
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Derivative as a Rate Measure

Example Find approximate value of (33)1/5.

APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES

MATHEMATIC
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Derivative as a Rate Measure

Example Find approximate value of (33)1/5.

APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES
Solution : Let us take f(x) = x1/5
Think of function and then
–4/5
f ′(x) = 1/5 (x) value of a and h

f(a + h) = f(a) + h.f ′(a) a = 32, h=1

1
(33)1/5 = (32)1/5 + 1 × (x)–4/5
5 x = 32
1 161 MATHEMATIC
1/5
(33) = 2+ =
80 80
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Derivative as a Rate Measure

Example Find approximate value of metal, in a hollow spherical shell,

APPLICATION
whose internal and externalOF DERIVATIVES
radii are 3 and 3.005cm.

05
3

3.0
MATHEMATIC
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Derivative as a Rate Measure

Example Find approximate value of metal, in a hollow spherical shell,

APPLICATION
whose internal OF
and external DERIVATIVES
radii are 3 and 3.005cm.
Solution :

05
3

3.0
ΔV dV
We know =
Δr dr

4 πr3 dV 4πr2
V= ⇒ =
Δr = 3.005 – 3 = 0.005cm
3 dr

dV
ΔV =
dr Δr = 4πr2.Δr = 4π × 9 × 0.005cc
MATHEMATIC
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Differentiation

DIFFERENTIATION
Home Assignment

MATHEMATIC
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 Home Assignment

If then f ’ (9)

(A) is equal to

(B) is equal to

(C) is equal to

(D) is non existent

Differentiation

DIFFERENTIATION

MATHEMATIC
S
https://vdnt.in/JEEVedantu
 Every Monday - Wednesday - Friday
6 pm (1 hour FREE Class)

Wed: Application of Derivatives - 1

(Derivative as Rate Measure + Approximations and Errors)

Fri: Application of Derivatives - 2

(Tangents and Normals)
Differentiation

DIFFERENTIATION

MATHEMATIC
S