Constructor and Destructor
KALINGA INSTITUTE OF INDUSTRIAL
TECHNOLOGY
School Of Computer Engineering
Mr. Abhaya Kumar Sahoo
Assistant Professor [II]
School of Computer Engineering,
Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT),
Deemed to be University,Odisha
3 Credit Lecture Note 10
Chapter Contents
2
Constructor
Default Constructor
Parameterized Constructor
Copy- Constructor
Destructor
What is constructor?
3
Features of Constructor
4
Types of Constructor
5
There can be three types of constructors in C++.
1. Default constructor
2. Parameterized constructor
3. Copy constructor
C++ Default Constructor
6
A constructor which has no argument is known as default constructor.
It is invoked at the time of creating object.
If no such constructor is defined, the compiler supplies a default constructor
int main(void)
#include <iostream> {
using namespace std; Employee e1; //creating an
class Employee object of Employee
{ Employee e2;
public: return 0;
Employee() }
{
cout<<"Default Constructor Invoked"<<endl;
}
};
Example: Default Constructor
7
C++ Parameterized Constructor
8
A constructor which has parameters is called parameterized constructor.
It is used to provide different values to distinct objects.
It is possible to pass arguments to constructors.
Typically, these arguments help initialize an object when it is created.
To create a parameterized constructor, simply add parameters to it the way you
would to any other function.
When you define the constructor’s body, use the parameters to initialize the
object.
C++ Parameterized Constructor
9
Example 1: Parameterized Constructor
10
#include <iostream>
using namespace std; int main(void)
class Employee { {
public: Employee e1 =Employee(101, "Sonoo",
int id;//data member (also instance variable) 890000); //creating an object of
Employee
string name;//data member(also instance variable)
float salary; Employee e2=Employee(102, "Nakul",
Employee(int i, string n, float s) 59000);
{ [Link]();
id = i; [Link]();
return 0;
name = n; }
salary = s;
}
void display()
{
cout<<id<<" "<<name<<" "<<salary<<endl;
}
};
Example 2: Parameterized Constructor
11
#include <iostream>
int getY()
using namespace std;
{
class Point {
return y;
private:
}
int x, y;
};
public:
int main()
Point(int x1, int y1)
{
{
Point p1(10, 15);
x = x1;
cout << "p1.x = " << [Link]() << ", p1.y = "
y = y1; << [Link]();
} return 0;
int getX() }
{
return x;
}
Uses of Parameterized Constructor
12
It is used to initialize the various data elements of different objects with
different values when they are created.
It is used to overload constructors.
Copy Constructor
13
A copy constructor is a member function which initializes an object using
another object of the same class.
A copy constructor takes a reference to an object of the same class as itself as an
argument.
Syntax:
class-name (class-name &)
{
...
}
Copy Constructor
14
Example
15
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class A int main()
{ {
public: A a1(20); // Calling the parameterized
constructor.
int x;
A(int a) // parameterized constructor.
A a2(a1); // Calling the copy
{ constructor.
x=a; cout<<a2.x;
} return 0;
A(A &i) // copy constructor }
{
x = i.x; O/P: 20
}
};
Example
16
#include <iostream>
code ( code &x)
using namespace std; {
class code { id=[Link];
}
private:
void display()
int id; {
public: cout<<id;
}
code() };
{ int main()
cout<<“Default Constructor”; {
code A(100);
} code B(A); //copy constructor called
code(int a) code C=A; //copy constructor called
{ code D;
D=A; //copy constructor notcalled
id=a; [Link]();
} [Link]();
[Link]();
[Link]();
}
Copy constructor:
17
#include<iostream>
int main()
using namespace std;
{
class Point
Point p1(10, 15); // Normal
{ constructor is called here
private: Point p2 = p1; // Copy constructor
int x, y; is called here
public: // Let us access values assigned by
Point(int x1, int y1) constructors
{ x = x1; y = y1; } cout << "p1.x = " << [Link]() <<
// Copy constructor ", p1.y = " << [Link]();
Point(const Point &p2)
{x = p2.x; y = p2.y; } cout << "\np2.x = " << [Link]()
<< ", p2.y = " << [Link]();
int getX() { return x; }
int getY() { return y; }
return 0;
};
}
Destructor
18
A destructor works opposite to constructor; it destructs the objects of classes. It
can be defined only once in a class.
Like constructors, it is invoked automatically.
A destructor is defined like constructor. It must have same name as class. But it
is prefixed with a tilde sign (~).
Destructor
19
#include <iostream>
using namespace std; int main(void)
class Employee {
{ Employee e1; //creating
public: an object of Employee
Employee() Employee e2; //creating
an object of Employee
{
return 0;
cout<<"Constructor Invoked"<<endl;
}
}
~Employee()
{
cout<<"Destructor Invoked"<<endl;
}
};
20
