Combined Shear and Tension Problem 2-16 Determine the adequacy of the fasteners in Figure 2 - 27 when 22-mm-diameter A325 bolts are used in a bearing-type connection with threaded excluded from shear planes. Assume the strength of column flange and the ST section does not govern the strength. SOLUTIONa — P, 500 x 4 = 400 kN 2 5 Py =500x 2 =300kN Shear Stress: From Table 2 - 1, allowable shear stress of bolt, F, = 207 MPa P. Computed shear stress, fy = — Ay 300,000 Computed shear stress, fo = Fe?x6 Computed shear stress, f, = 131.53 MPa < 207 MPa (OK) Tensile Stress: From Table 2 - 7 , allowable tensile stress of bolt: Fi= y(e03)? -215/, F,= (303)? ~2.15(131.53)? F, = 233.7 MPa Note: The allowable tensile stress on fasteners given in Table 2 - 1 applies only # the fastener is subjected to pure tension only. P, Computed tensile stress, f; = —> Ay Computed tensile stress, fj = 220.000 £ (22)? x6 Computed tensile stress, fi = 175.38 MPa < 233.7 MPa (OK) Therefore, the fasteners are adequate to carry the load. Problem 2-17 The connection shown in Figure 2 - 28 consist of 10 A490 bolts and is attached to the column flange. The bolts are subject to shear and tension in a bearing-type connection with no threads in the shear plane. Assume the strength of column flange and the plates does not govern the strength. 4) Investigate the adequacy of the bolts if P = 300 kN 6) Determine the safe value of PW shape 200 rn A 75mm 75mm 375 mm 75mm 75mm 22 mm @ bolt 250mm —| Figure 2 - 28 SOLUTION For A490 bolts with threads excluded from shear plane Allowable shearing stress, F, = 276 MPa Allowable tensile stress, Fi = (372) -1.82f,? (From Table 2 - 7) Note: The allowable tensile stress on fasteners given in Table 2 - 1, applies only the fastener is subjected to pure tension only Part a: Shearing stress on bolts: oR 7 300,000 2 78.92 MPa <276MPa (OK) (22) x10 Tensile stress: Allowable tensile stress, Fi = y(e72)? = 1.82f,? F,= (72)? - 1.82(78.92)" F, = 356.4 MPa f=eae aE Ne Actual tensile stress: M = Pe = 300(0.2) M = 60 kN-m = 60x 10° N-mm . Since the bolts were pretensioned (minimum pretension is given in Table 2+ 6), the entire contact area is in compression. Hence, for as long as the applied load do not overcome the initial compression between the pieces being joined, the neutral axis remains at the geometric center of the contact area 375 mm |— ssonm —s Figure 2 - 29 Figure 2 - 29 shows the total contact area and the tributary area of the most stressed bolt. The total tensile force on the bolts is the product of the bending stress at the centroid of their tributary area and its tributary area. From fo= My _ 250(375)? 12 y= 150mm 60x 10° (150) 1,098,632,812.5 ! = 1,098,632,812.5 mm* he= = 8,192 MPaTotal tension on two bolts, 2T = f, x tributary area Total tension on two bolts, 2T = 8,192 x (250 x 75) Total tension on two bolts, 2T = 153,600 N = 153.6 kN Maximum tension on one bolt = T = 76.8 kN Simplified Procedure Another way of solving the tension in the bolts is to consider the bolts alone as shown in Figure 2 - 30 Assuming area of one bolt as 1 mm: (the actual area of bolt may be used): I= Ad Ap=1 I= [2(150)2 + 2(75)2] x 2 1= 112,500 mm* T= fix Ab T= 2 ay, where y= 150 mm 6 p= £0%10"(150) (1) - 80,000N 112,500 T = 80 kN which is approximately equal (and more conservative) than the first procedure)The formula for T may be simplified as: 7. My i ¥y? Eq. 2.19 Using this equation: 60 x 10° (150) — 60 10°(150) 2 80,000 N 4(150)? + 4(75) T= 80kN 80x10° Maximum tensile stress, fi = ———>- (22) Maximum tensile stress, f; = 210.45 MPa < 356.4 (OK) Part b: M-=200P _ My _ __ 200P(150) Sy? 4(150) +4(75)" T=0.2667P N pee ° Ay #(22)?(10) fo = 2.631 x 104 P MPa Fr= (872)? -1.82f,? F,= (372)? -1.82(2.631« 10+ Pp)? F,= (372)? -1.26x10° P? T=FixA 0.2667P = (372)? -1.26x 107 P?_ x (22) 7.016 x 104 P= y(e72)? = 1.26107 P? 4.922 x 107 P2 = 138,384 - 1.26 x 107 P? 6.182 x 107 P2 ='138,384 P= 473,128N Check, f, = 2.631 x 104 (473,128) = 124.48 < 276 MPa (OK) Safe value of P = 473.128 kNEccentric Shear Problem 2-18 Determine the shear force on the most stressed fastener in Figure 2 - 31 if P = 1,000 KN. 180 mm 200 mm Figure 2-31 LUTION Since there are two identical plates, let us analyze one plate only using half of the given load, P = 1000/2 = 500 KN. Y 190 mm } P = 500 KN » 1s i | i i i i T Figure 2-32(a) Direct Load : (b) Load due to moment Figure 2- 33 Direct load: 500 P = P-L e5kn RON 8 Load due to moment: T = Pe = 500(0.29) T=145kN-m D(x? + y2) = 4(902 + 1202) + 4(902 + 402) (x? + y) = 128,800 mm? Note: The farther the fastener is from the cg, the greater is the load due to moment. In Figure 2 - 33 (a), bolts 1, 5, 4 & 8 will have the greatest load due t© moment, but combined with the direct load, bolts 1 and 4 will have the greatest resultant load.Considering bolt 1: (x = 90, y = 120) Pas 145x 10° o— Rny = ERT 120) 2 135,093 N 128,800 fo Ryo Bx IO (90) son oho N * "128,800 [ Ray . Ruy Ray = 135,093 N Riy= Ray + Rp “ Ruy = 101,320 + 62,500 = 163,820 N R= ry.? +Ry? Ry = (135,093)? + (163,820)? Ry = 212,337 N = 212.3 kN Problem 2- 19 (CE May 2000) In the connection shown in Figure 2 - 34, a load transmits 200 kN load acting at an eccentricity of 200 mm. For this problem a = b = 250 mm. The load is transmitted to the column by the plates and eight 22-mm-diameter rivets. The plates are adequate to transmit the load to the rivets. The connection can be analyzed by replacing the given load with an equivalent loading composed of a vertical force alone acting through the centroid of the rivets and a moment. a) Calculate the maximum shear stress in the rivets for equivalent vertical force alone acting on the centroid. Calculate the maximum shear stress in the rivets for the equivalent moment alone acting at the centroid. Calculate the maximum shear stress in the rivets, b) 0 e = 200 mm P= 200 kN Figure 2 - 34SOLUTION Analyze one side of the bracket, P = 100 KN Direct load on one rivet Ro = P/4 Rp = 25kN Part a: Stress due to direct load = 25000 $(2277 fo = 65.77 MPa Part b: Stress due to moment Ree Ua? +y?) T= Pe=100(200) T = 20,000 kN-mm Da? + y) = (1252 + 1252) x 4 T(x? + y2) = 125,000 mm? ety 20,000(125) Lat +y?) 125,000 Ry = 20 kN = Tx _ 20,000(125) L(x? + y?) 125,000 Ry = 20kN R= JR +R? R= ¥ (20) + (207 R= 28.284 kN stress,fp= B= 2828401000) A $ (22) Stress, fy = 74.4 MPa Ry49.24(1000) $(22) fomax = 129.5 MPa fomax Problem 2 - 20 Bolts 22 mm in diameter are used in the single-plate connection shown in Figure 2 - 35. The bolts are A490 with threads not excluded from shear planes and in standard holes. The plate is A36 with F,, = 420 MPa. The load P = 80 kN a) Which of the following most nearly gives the maximum shearing stress in the bolt, in MPa. Which of the following most nearly gives the required plate thickness, in mm, so as not to exceed the allowable bearing stress: Which of the following most nearly gives the requireu piate thickness, in mm, so as not to exceed the allowable tensile stress, assuming that the allowable bending stress on tension and compression on strong axis of the plate is 150 MPa Part c: Maximum shearing stress The most stressed rivets are rivets B and C. (45? +20? = 49.24 kN 240 mm | Figure 2 - 35