1

Effluent Treatment Plant

S.Menakambal1, Divakaran K2, Haripraveen N2, Jagatheesh P2, Kanthavel S2
Email:[email protected]
1
Asst. Prof., Department of EEE, Nandha Engineering College, Erode, India
2
UG scholar, Department of EEE, Nandha Engineering College, Erode, India

ABSTRACT
All industrial operations produce some wastewaters which Microcontroller intended to make the application of interactive
must be returned to the environment. Sugar industries produce objects and environments more easier. Basically this is very
wastewater, otherwise known as effluent, as a by-product of user friendly. There is a microcontroller unit embedded on it.
their production. Effluent from the sugar industry is a major The code is directly loaded from the computer.
source of environmental pollution, especially water pollution.
Among the various stages of sugar production, the operations
in the processing plant, which include pre-treatments and
finishing, produce the most pollution. The processing wastes
contain unused or partially used organic compounds, and high Power input
biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen
demand (COD). The proposed system deals with the
monitoring of the water and transmitting the data remotely. Figure: 1. Arduino Board

B. EXISTING SYSTEM
I. INTRODUCTION
Power supply: a group of circuits that convert the standard ac The current system of ETP monitoring is done with
voltage (120 V, 60 Hz) provided by the wall outlet to constant manual readings. The user has to go onsite and test the
dc voltage Transformer : a device that step up or step down levels of concentration. The data is transferred to the
the ac voltage provided by the wall outlet to a desired office either in paper or wired communication. A
amplitude through the action of a magnetic field Rectifier: a
microcontroller board, contains on-board power supply,
diode circuits that converts the ac input voltage to a pulsating
USB port to communicate with PC, and an Atmel
dc voltage [1].
microcontroller chip. It simplify the process of creating
The pulsating dc voltage is only suitable to be used as a
battery charger, but not good enough to be used as a dc power any control system by providing the standard board that
supply in a radio, stereo system, computer and so on[2] .In can be programmed and connected to the system without
summary, a full-wave rectified signal has less ripple than a the need to any sophisticated PCB design and
half-wave rectified signal and is thus better to apply to a filter. implementation. This is an open source hardware, any
Filter: a circuit used to reduce the fluctuation in the rectified one can get the details of its design and modify it or make
output voltage or ripple. This provides a steadier dc voltage. his own one himself.
Regulator: a circuit used to produces a constant dc output
voltage by reducing the ripple to negligible amount. One part
of power supply.

II. ARDUINO MICROCONTROLLER

Arduino microcontroller is an easy to use yet single board
computer It has gained considerable traction in the hobby
he proffessional market he arduino is open source Which
means hardware is reasonably priced and development
software is free.

A. ARDUINO BOARD

Arduino is a single-board microcontroller intended to make

the application of interactive objects and environments more
easier.Basically this is very user friendly. There is a
microcontroller unit embedded on it. The code is directly
loaded from the computer. Arduino is a single-board
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IP address using the Ethernet.begin () function. A MAC

address is a globally unique identifier for a particular
device. Current Ethernet shields come with a sticker
indicating the MAC address you should use with them.
For older shields without a dedicated MAC address,
inventing a random one should work, but don't use the
same one for multiple boards. Valid IP addresses depend
on the configuration of your network. It is possible to use
DHCP to dynamically assign an IP to the shield.
Optionally, you can also specify a network gateway and
subnetoscillate(int pin, long period, int startingValue, int
repeatCount) Toggle the state of the digital output 'pin'
every 'period' milliseconds 'repeatCount' times. The pin's
starting value is specified in 'startingValue', which should
be HIGH oLOW. Returns the ID of the timer event.
int pulse(int pin, long period, int startingValue) Toggle
the state of the digital output 'pin' just once after 'period'
milliseconds. The pin's starting value is specified in
'startingValue', which should be HIGH or LOW. Returns
the ID of the timer event. int stop(int id) Stop the timer
event running. Returns the ID of the timer event. int
Figure: 2. Block Diagram of ETP update() Must be called from 'loop'. This will service all
the events
C. POWER SUPPLY .
E. TRANSFORMER
Batteries are often shown on a schematic diagram as the
source of DC voltage but usually the actual DC voltage Centre tapped transformer.19-0-19 v at the output.
source is a power supply. There are many types of power Ratingof 1A current. It is centre tapped to have both -ve
supply. Most are designed to convert high voltage AC and +ve half cycle of AC waveform to contribute to
mains electricity to a suitable low voltage supply for direct current. Transforming energy using mutual
electronics circuits and other devices. A more reliable induction.TTL logic circuitry can not work on voltage of
method of obtaining DC power is to transform, rectify, 220v so we are stepping down it to 9v
filter and regulate an AC line voltage[3]. A power supply
can by broken down into a series of blocks, each of which
performs a particular function. This paper deal with the
monitoring of effluent treatment plant using sensors. Here
the parameters such as the methane, pH, C02 are
continuously sensed using sensors.The sensors are then
fed to the ADC of arduino where the analog to digital
conversions take place. The arduino then transmitts the
data through wifi. To use the shield, mount it on top of an
Arduino board (e.g. the Uno). To upload sketches to the
board, connect it to your computer with a USB cable as
you normally would[4]. Once the sketch has been
uploaded, you can disconnect the board from your
computer and power it with an external power supply.
Connect the shield to your computer or a network hub or Figure: 3. Center Tapped Transformer
router using a standard ethernet cable (CAT5 or CAT6
with RJ45 connectors). Connecting to a computer may F. LM7805-VOLTAGE REGULATOR
require the use of a cross-over cable (although many
computers, including all recent Macs can do the cross- It has 5V Regulated output voltage. Input voltage range:-
over internally). 5V-18VThe voltage source in circuit may have
fluctuation and would not give fixed output
D. NETWORK SETTINGS voltage.Pin1input ,Pin2-ground, Pin3-outputHeat sink is
used for dissipating heat into surrounding aito protect
The shield must be assigned a MAC address and a fixed device from damage.
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Figure 5: Fixed Voltage Regulator

III. RESULTS AND ANALYSIS
A. Nature of Produced Fertilizer

The CETP sludge used in the research possessed a

composition that is suitable for sanitary landfill under
the Technical Guidelines on Solid Waste Management
in Sri Lanka. However by improving the carbon to
nitrogen ratios (by mass) between 25 and 50 which are
optimum for aerobic composting, a fertilizer can be
produced with similar outcome using the Delta-D
technology.
The source sludge analysis is presented in Table I
below.
TABLE I SOURCE SLUDGE COMPONENT
Figure: 4 . Voltage Regulator ANALYSIS
Parameter Result LOQ Unit
G. IC VOLTAGE REGULATORS Total Nitrogen
(N) 3.1 - % by mass
Regulation circuits in integrated circuit form are widely Phosphorous (P) 6.1 - % by mass
used.Their operation is no different but they are treated as Potassium (K) 6.9 - % by mass
a single device with associated components.These are Organic Carbon
generally three terminal devices that provide a positive or (C) 7.8 - % by mass
negative output.Some types have variable voltage outputs.
A typical 7800 series voltage regulator is used for positive Lead (Pb) 5.9 0.04 mg/kg
voltages.The 7900 series are negative voltage regulators.
Chromium (Cr) 188 - mg/kg
These voltage regulators when used with heatsinks can
safely produce current values of 1A and greater.he Mercury (Hg) ND 0.04 mg/kg
capacitors act as line filtration. Several types of both pH 8.1 -
linear (series and shunt) and switching regulators are Faecal Coliform 110 - MPN/g
available in integrated circuit (IC) form.Single IC
regulators contain the circuitry for:Generally, the linear The produced fertilizer is of indefinite composition
regulators are three-terminal devices that provides either and an ultimate analysis need not be undertaken. The
positive or negative output voltages that can be either nutrients, micro nutrients and heavy metals of
fixed or adjustable. concern were analyzed.

H. FIXED VOLTAGE REGULATOR IV. CONCLUSION

The fixed voltage regulator has an unregulated dc input Thus the entire Effluent treatment plant is designed
voltage Vi applied to one input terminal, a regulated and controlled in order to get the effluent treated. The
output dc voltage Vo from a second terminal, and the third important parameter of the effluent plant is monitored
terminal connected to ground. Fixed-Positive Voltage and controlled. Thus the various process are
Regulator The series 78XX regulators are the three- controlled with the help of various control loops.
terminal device that provide a fixed positive output Thus monitoring and controlling the entire plant
voltage. using IOT helps to reduce human intervention and
increases the safety of the plant.

REFERENCES

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Effluent Treatment Plant Sludge Into a Valuable
Organic Fertilizer using Delta –D Technology,
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