Scribd
Upload
140 views3 pages

Experiment N 6

This experiment aims to learn strain gauge measurement techniques and determine strain during a tensile test of steel using strain gauges. Strain gauges translate small dimensional changes and resistance changes into equivalent strain measurements. The experiment uses a full-bridge circuit with strain gauges attached longitudinally and transversely on a tensile specimen to measure strain and calculate stress at increasing loads. Results show strain and stress increasing linearly with load as predicted by Hooke's law. Strain measurement has applications in sensors for airbags, balances, cutting machines, and detecting earthquakes.

Uploaded by

G. Dancer Gh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
140 views3 pages

Experiment N 6

This experiment aims to learn strain gauge measurement techniques and determine strain during a tensile test of steel using strain gauges. Strain gauges translate small dimensional changes and resistance changes into equivalent strain measurements. The experiment uses a full-bridge circuit with strain gauges attached longitudinally and transversely on a tensile specimen to measure strain and calculate stress at increasing loads. Results show strain and stress increasing linearly with load as predicted by Hooke's law. Strain measurement has applications in sensors for airbags, balances, cutting machines, and detecting earthquakes.

Uploaded by

G. Dancer Gh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 3

EXPERIEMNT N-6

Strain Measurement with Strain Gauges

Objective:
The main objectives of this experiment are:
o Learn and practice the techniques of strain gauge measurement.
o Determine the strain during the tensile test using the strain gauge for Steel
CrNi18.8.

Introduction

Strain gauges permit simple and reliable determination of stress and strain distribution at
real components under load. The strain-gauge technique is thus an indispensable part of
experimental stress analysis. Widespread use is also made of strain gauges in sensor
construction (scales, dynamometers and pressure gauges, torque meters). The training
system FL100 offers a comprehensive introduction to the fundamentals of strain-gauge
technology, permitting investigation of the simple mechanical load situations
tension/compression, bending and torsion. The values measured in the course of the
experiment can be compared to the theoretical levels. The basics of practical use, such as
application of the gauge or connection to form a measuring bridge can be readily
incorporated into the training concept. All test objects are provided with a full-bridge
circuit, figure ( 6.1 ) and are ready wired. A Perspex cover
protects the element whilst giving a clear view. The test objects are inserted in a frame
and loaded with weights. The measuring amplifier has a large bright digital
LED display, which is still easy to read from a distance. The unit is thus also eminently
suited to demonstration experiments.

Figure (6.1 )
Theory:
The electrical strain gauge is a tool which translates small changes in dimensions and
consequent electrical resistance into an equivalent change of strain.

A strain indicator is usually provided in order to give accurate measurements of such a


strain. Due to their small size, strain gauges can be used on small surface in any direction.
The electrical strain gauge measurement is based on the simple fact that the electrical
resistance of a conductor changes once the length of the conductor changes. If the
resistance of a conductor is ( Ro ) when its length is ( lo ), then its resistance will change
by ( ΔR ) when its length changes by (Δl).

The physical relationship between strain and the change of resistance is linear. A strain
gauge’s sensitivity is expressed by the ratio of the relative change of resistance to the
strain and it is represented by the symbol k :

……………… (1)

Tensile experiment

Tension or compression is the simplest form of loading. Homogeneous stress forms in


the tensile specimen. The stresses at the surface, where they can be measured with strain
gauges, are of precisely the same magnitude as the internal stresses.
Tensile stress σ is calculated from tensile force (normal force) F and cross-sectional
area σ = F/A
.
According to Hooke’s law stress and strain ε are linked to one another by way of the
modulus of elasticity E
E 
For experimental determination of the tensile stress, two strain gauges each are fitted to
the front and back of the specimen; one strain gauge is attached in longitudinal, the other
in transverse direction. The strain gauges on each side form a branch of the bridge. Such
a configuration is characterized by the following: Utilisation of linear and
transverse strain increases sensitivity. Thanks to the arrangement on opposite sides,
super imposed bending stresses have no influence on the measurement result. The output
signal UA of the measuring bridge is referenced to the feed voltage UE. The sensitivity k
of the strain gauge enables the strain to be calculated for the full bridge as follows

1
 2(1   ) (4/k)(UA/UE

Cross-sectional area 20 mm2 , K=2.05  - Poisson’s ratio


E- Modulus of elasticity
Load Reading Measured Measured Calculated Measured
IN in mV/V. 10- strain stress stress Load in
3
N in 10-6 in N/mm2 in N/mm2 N
10 0.004 2.99037E-06 0.571162 0.5 11.42323
20 0.008 5.98075E-06 1.142323 1 22.84646
30 0.011 8.22353E-06 1.570694 1.5 31.41389
40 0.014 1.04663E-05 1.999066 2 39.98131
50 0.018 1.34567E-05 2.570227 2.5 51.40454

APPLICATIONS OF STRAIN MEASUREMENT USING GAUGES


STRAIN
1. Air bag.
2. In the gold balance.
3. Cutting machine and vessel support structure.
4. Sensors and lead wire effect.
5. Car springs (pistons).
6. In design the column in structure.
7. In device of earthquakes.

o Strain gauge: is a small tool measure a small change in dimensions of the beams,
resistance, etc… and we use strain indicator to measure these changes.

o When we increase the load we will have more elongation and the same thing to the
moment.

o We have two type of strain; axial and lateral.

o The strain gauges help us in calculate the state of stress at two different points,
Poisson's ratio and modulus of elasticity E of the tested beam.

You might also like