1) Artificial Intelligence is about_____.

a. Playing a game on Computer

b. Making a machine Intelligent
c. Programming on Machine with your Own Intelligence
d. Putting your intelligence in Machine

Hide Answer Workspace

Answer: b. Making a machine Intelligent.

Explanation: Artificial Intelligence is a branch of Computer science, which aims to

create intelligent machines so that machine can think intelligently in the same manner
as a human does.

2) Who is known as the -Father of AI"?

a. Fisher Ada
b. Alan Turing
c. John McCarthy
d. Allen Newell

Hide Answer Workspace

Answer: c. John McCarthy

Explanation: John McCarthy was a pioneer in the AI field and known as the father of
Artificial intelligence. He was not only the known as the father of AI but also invented
the term Artificial Intelligence.

3) Select the most appropriate situation for that a blind search can be used.

a. Real-life situation
b. Small Search Space
c. Complex game
d. All of the above

Hide Answer Workspace

Answer: b. Small Search Space

Explanation: Blind Search is also known as uninformed search, and it does not contain
any domain information such as closeness, location of the goal, etc. Hence the most
appropriate situation that can be used for the blind search is Small-search Space.

4) The application/applications of Artificial Intelligence is/are

276.2K
Looking at Artificial Intelligence Technologies Solutions

a. Expert Systems
b. Gaming
c. Vision Systems
d. All of the above

Hide Answer Workspace

Answer: d. All of the above

Explanation: All the given options are the applications of AI.

5) Among the given options, which search algorithm requires less memory?

a. Optimal Search
b. Depth First Search
c. Breadth-First Search
d. Linear Search

Hide Answer Workspace

Answer: b. Depth First Search

Explanation: The Depth Search Algorithm or DFS requires very little memory as it only
stores the stack of nodes from the root node to the current node.
6) If a robot is able to change its own trajectory as per the external conditions, then the
robot is considered as the__

a. Mobile
b. Non-Servo
c. Open Loop
d. Intelligent

Hide Answer Workspace

Answer: d. Intelligent

Explanation: If a robot is able to change its own trajectory as per the external
conditions, then the robot is considered intelligent. Such type of agents come under
the category of AI agents or Rational Agents.

7) Which of the given language is not commonly used for AI?

a. LISP
b. PROLOG
 c. Python
d. Perl

Hide Answer Workspace

Answer: d. Perl

Explanation: Among the given languages, Perl is not commonly used for AI. LISP and
PROLOG are the two languages that have been broadly used for AI innovation, and
the most preferred language is Python for AI and Machine learning.

8) A technique that was developed to determine whether a machine could or could not
demonstrate the artificial intelligence known as the___

a. Boolean Algebra
b. Turing Test
c. Logarithm
d. Algorithm

Hide Answer Workspace

Answer: b. Turing Test

Explanation: In the year 1950, mathematician and computing pioneer Alan

Turing introduced a test to determine whether a machine can think like a human or
not, which means it can demonstrate intelligence, known as the Turing Test. It was
based on the "Imitation game" with some modifications. This technique is still a
measure of various successful AI projects, with some updates.

9) The component of an Expert system is_________.

a. Knowledge Base
b. Inference Engine
c. User Interface
d. All of the above

Hide Answer Workspace

Answer: d. All of the above

Explanation: Expert system is a part of AI and a computer program that is used to

solve complex problems, and to give the decision-making ability like human. It does
this with the help of a Knowledge base, Inference engine, and User interface, and
all these are the components of an Expert System.

10) Which algorithm is used in the Game tree to make decisions of Win/Lose?

a. Heuristic Search Algorithm

b. DFS/BFS algorithm
c. Greedy Search Algorithm
d. Min/Max algorithm

Hide Answer Workspace

Answer: d. Min/Max Algorithm

Explanation: A game tree is a directed graph whose nodes represent the positions in
Game and edges represent the moves. To make any decision, the game tree uses the
Min/Max algorithm. The Min/Max algorithm is the preferred one over other search
algorithms, as it provides the best move to the player, assuming that the opponent is
also playing Optimally.

11) The available ways to solve a problem of state-space-search.

a. 1
 b. 2
c. 3
d. 4

Hide Answer Workspace

Answer: b. 2

Explanation: There are only two ways to solve the problems of state-space search.

12) Among the given options, which is not the required property of Knowledge
representation?

a. Inferential Efficiency
b. Inferential Adequacy
c. Representational Verification
d. Representational Adequacy

Hide Answer Workspace

Answer: C. Representational Verification

Explanation: Knowledge representation is the part of Artificial Intelligence that deals

with AI agent thinking and how their thinking affects the intelligent behavior of agents.
A good knowledge representation requires the following properties:

o Representational Accuracy
o Inferential Adequacy
o Inferential Efficiency
o Acquisitional efficiency

13) An AI agent perceives and acts upon the environment using___.

a. Sensors
b. Perceiver
c. Actuators
d. Both a and c
Hide Answer Workspace

Answer: d. Both a and c.

Explanation: An AI agent perceives and acts upon the environment using Sensors and
Actuators. With Sensors, it senses the surrounding, and with Actuators, it acts on it.

14) Which rule is applied for the Simple reflex agent?

a. Simple-action rule
b. Simple &Condition-action rule
c. Condition-action rule
d. None of the above

Hide Answer Workspace

Answer: c. Condition-action rule

Explanation: The simple reflex agent takes decisions only on the current condition
and acts accordingly; it ignores the rest of history; hence it follows the Condition-action
rule.

15) Which agent deals with the happy and unhappy state?

a. Utility-based agent
b. Model-based agent
c. Goal-based Agent
d. Learning Agent
Hide Answer Workspace

Answer: a. Utility-based agent

Explanation: Utility-based agent uses an extra component of utility that provides a

measure of success at a given state. It decides that how efficient that state to achieve
the goal, which specifies the happiness of the agent.

16) Rational agent always does the right things.

a. True
b. False

Hide Answer Workspace

Answer: a. True

Explanation: Rational agent has clear preference, goal, and acts in a way to maximize
its performance. It is said that it always does the right things, which means it gives the
best performance for each action.

17) Which term describes the common-sense of the judgmental part of problem-solving?

a. Values-based
b. Critical
c. Analytical
d. Heuristic

Hide Answer Workspace

Answer: d. Heuristic

Explanation: In problem-solving, the Heuristic describes the common sense or

Judgemental part.

18) Which AI technique enables the computers to understand the associations and
relationships between objects and events?
a. Heuristic Processing
b. Cognitive Science
c. Relative Symbolism
d. Pattern Matching

Hide Answer Workspace

Answer: d. Pattern Matching

Explanation: Pattern matching is a way to check a given sequence of tokens in order

to determine the presence of a given character or data in the given sequence. It allows
computers to understand the relationship between objects and events.

19) The exploration problem is where______.

a. Agent contains the knowledge of State and actions.

b. Agent does not contain the knowledge of State and actions.
c. Only actions are known to the agent.
d. None of the above

Hide Answer Workspace

Answer: b. Agent does not contain knowledge State and actions

Explanation: In Exploration problems, the agent does not contain the knowledge of
state space and actions in advance. These are difficult problems and used in the real
world.

20) In the Wumpus World Problem, the reason for the uncertainty is that the agent's sensor
gives only__

a. Full & Global information

b. Partial & Global Information
c. Full & local information
d. Partial & local Information

Hide Answer Workspace

Answer: d. Partial & local Information

Explanation: The Wumpus world is an example environment that is made of grids of

squares surrounded by walls. Each square can have agents or objects. The world is
used to demonstrate the worth of a knowledge-based agent and knowledge
representation. In the environment, uncertainty arises as the agent can only perceive
the close environment. The Wumpus world is represented in below image:

21) The search algorithm which is similar to the minimax search, but removes the branches
that don't affect the final output is known as__.

a. Depth-first search
b. Breadth-first search
c. Alpha-beta pruning
d. None of the above

Hide Answer Workspace

Answer: c. Alpha-beta pruning

Explanation: Alpha-beta pruning algorithm is the modified version of the Minimax

algorithm and returns the same moves as the original algorithm, but it removes all
those nodes/branches that do not affect the final decision.
22) The maximum depth to which the alpha-beta pruning can be applied.

a. Eight states
b. Six states
c. Ten states
d. Any depth

Hide Answer Workspace

Answer: d. Any depth

Explanation: The Alpha-beta pruning can be applied to any depth of the tree and it
can eliminate the entire subtree, if it is not affecting the final decision.

23) Among the given options, which is also known as inference rule?

a. Reference
b. Reform
c. Resolution
d. None of the above

Hide Answer Workspace

Answer: c. Resolution

Explanation: Resolution is also known as inference rule as it shows the complete

inference rule when applied to any search algorithm.

24) Which of the following option is used to build complex sentences in knowledge
representation?

a. Symbols
b. Connectives
c. Quantifier
d. None of the above
Hide Answer Workspace

Answer:

Explanation: Complex sentences are built by combining the atomic sentences using
connectives.

25) Automatic Reasoning tool is used in_____.

a. Personal Computers
b. Microcomputers
c. LISP Machines
d. All of the above

Hide Answer Workspace

Answer: c. LISP Machine

Explanation: ART or Automatic Reasoning tool is used in LISP machines to understand

the different aspects of reasoning.

26) If according to the hypothesis, the result should be positive, but in fact it is negative,
then it is known as_______.

a. False Negative Hypothesis

b. False Positive Hypothesis
c. Specialized Hypothesis
d. Consistent Hypothesis

Hide Answer Workspace

Answer: b. False Positive Hypothesis

Explanation: The False Positive Hypothesis means that according to results, you have
that condition, but in reality, you don't have it. Such as for a medical test, if someone
is found Positive for a disease, but actually he doesn't have that disease, then it comes
under the False Positive hypothesis.
27) A hybrid Bayesian Network consist_____.

a. Discrete variables only

b. Discontinuous Variable
c. Both Discrete and Continuous variables
d. Continuous Variable only

Hide Answer Workspace

Answer: c. Both Discrete and Continuous Variables

Explanation: The Hybrid Bayesian network contains both discrete and continuous
variables as the numerical inputs. To define the hybrid network, both kinds of
distributions are used at wide probability distribution.

28) The process of capturing the inference process as Single Inference Rule is known as:

a. Clauses
b. Ponens
c. Generalized Modus Ponens
d. Variables

Hide Answer Workspace

Answer: c. Generalized Modus Ponens

Explanation: For all inference process in FOL, the single inference rule can be used,
which is called Generalized Modus Ponens. It is said to be the lifted version of Modus
ponens.

Generalized Modus Ponens can be said as, " P implies Q and P is asserted to be true,
therefore Q must be True."

29) Which process makes two different Logical expressions look identical?

a. Unification
b. Lifting
c. Inference Process
 d. None of the above

Hide Answer Workspace

Answer: a. Unification

Explanation: Unification is the process of making two different logical expressions

identical by finding a substitution.

30) Which algorithm takes two sentences as input and returns a Unifier?

a. Inference
b. Hill-Climbing
c. Unify algorithm
d. Depth-first search

Hide Answer Workspace

Answer: c. Unify Algorithm

Explanation: The unify algorithm takes two atomic sentences and return a unifier. It is
used for the unification process.

31) The PEAS in the task environment is about____________.

a. Peer, Environment, Actuators, Sense

b. Performance, Environment, Actuators, Sensors
c. Perceiving, Environment, Actuators, Sensors
d. None of the above

Hide Answer Workspace

Answer: b. Performance, Environment, Actuators, Sensors

Explanation: PEAS is a representation model on which an AI agent works. It is made

up of four words:

o P: Performance
 o E: Environment
o A: Actuators
o S: Sensors

32) In state-space, the set of actions for a given problem is expressed by the_____.

a. Intermediate States
b. Successor function that takes current action and returns next state
c. Initial States
d. None of the above

Hide Answer Workspace

Answer: b. Successor function that takes current action and returns next state

Explanation: The successor function provides a description of all possible actions and
their next states, which means their outcomes.

33) In which search problem, to find the shortest path, each city must be visited once only?

a. Map coloring Problem

b. Depth-first search traversal on a given map represented as a graph
c. Finding the shortest path between a source and a destination
d. Travelling Salesman problem

Hide Answer Workspace

Answer: d. Travelling Salesman problem

Explanation: The TSP or Travelling Salesman problem is about finding the shortest
possible route to visit each city only once and returning to the origin city when the list
of all cities and distances between each pair of cities is given.

34) In the TSP problem of n cities, the time taken for traversing all cities, without having
prior knowledge of the length of the minimum tour will be_______.
a. O(n)
b. O(n2)
c. O(n!)
d. O(n/2)

Hide Answer Workspace

Answer: c. O(n!)

Explanation: In the TSP problem of n cities, the time taken for traversing all cities
without having prior knowledge of the length of the minimum tour will be O(n!).

35) Web Crawler is an example of______.

a. Intelligent Agent
b. Problem-solving agent
c. Simple reflex agent
d. Model-based agent

Hide Answer Workspace

Answer: Intelligent Agent

Explanation: The web crawler is an example of Intelligent agents, which is responsible

for collecting resources from the Web, such as HTML documents, images, text files,
etc.

36) The main function of problem-solving agent is to________.

a. Solve the given problem and reach the goal

b. Find out which sequence of action will get it to the goal state.
c. Both a & b
d. None of the above

Hide Answer Workspace

Answer: Both a & b

Explanation: Problem-solving agents are the goal-based agents that use different
search strategies and algorithms to solve a given problem.

37) In artificial Intelligence, knowledge can be represented as_______.

i. Predicate Logic

ii. Propositional Logic

iii. Compound Logic

iv. Machine Logic

a. Both I and II
b. Only II
c. Both II and III
d. Only IV

Hide Answer Workspace

Answer: a. Both I and II

Explanation: There are several techniques of Knowledge representation in AI, and

among them, one is Logical Representation. The logical representation can be done in
two ways Predicate Logic and Propositional Logic, hence knowledge can be
represented as both predicate and Propositional logic.

38) For propositional Logic, which statement is false?

a. The sentences of Propositional logic can have answers other than True or False.
b. Each sentence is a declarative sentence.
c. Propositional logic is a knowledge representation technique in AI.
d. None of the above

Hide Answer Workspace

Answer: a. The sentences of Propositional logic can have answers other than True or
False
Explanation: Propositional Knowledge or PL is the simplest form of logic that is used
to represent the knowledge, where all the sentences are propositions. In this, each
sentence is a declarative sentence that can only be either true or False.

Such as, It is Sunday today. This sentence can be either true or false only.

39) First order logic Statements contains______.

a. Predicate and Preposition

b. Subject and an Object
c. Predicate and Subject
d. None of the above

Hide Answer Workspace

Answer: c. Predicate and Subject

Explanation: The first-order logic is also known as the First-order predicate logic,
which is another way of knowledge representation. The FOL statements contain two
parts that are subject and Predicate.

For e.g., X is an Integer; In this, X is Subject and Is an Integer is Predicate.

40) A knowledge-based agent can be defined with _____ levels.

a. 2 Levels
b. 3 Levels
c. 4 Levels
d. None of the above

Hide Answer Workspace

Answer: b. 3 Levels
Explanation: The knowledge-based agents have the capability of making decisions
and reasoning to act efficiently. It can be viewed at three different levels, which are:

o Knowledge Level
o Logical Level
o Implementation Level

41) Ways to achieve AI in real-life are_________.

a. Machine Learning
b. Deep Learning
c. Both a & b
d. None of the above

Hide Answer Workspace

Answer: c. Both a &b

Explanation: Machine Learning and Deep Learning are the two ways to achieve AI in
real life.

42) The main tasks of an AI agent are_______.

a. Input and Output

b. Moment and Humanly Actions
c. Perceiving, thinking, and acting on the environment
d. None of the above

Hide Answer Workspace

Answer: c. Perceiving, thinking, and acting on the environment

Explanation: The AI agent is the rational agent that runs in the cycle of Perceive, think,
and act.

43) The probabilistic reasoning depends upon____________.

a. Estimation
b. Observations
c. Likelihood
d. All of the above

Hide Answer Workspace

Answer: d. All of the above

Explanation: The probabilistic reasoning is used to represent uncertain knowledge,

where we are not sure about the predicates. It depends Upon Estimation, Observation,
and likelihood of objects.

44) The inference engine works on ______.

a. Forward Chaining
b. Backward Chaining
c. Both a and b
d. None of the above

Hide Answer Workspace

Answer: c. Both a and b

Explanation: The inference engine is the component of the intelligent system in

artificial intelligence, which applies logical rules to the knowledge base to infer new
information from known facts. The first inference engine was part of the expert system.
Inference engine commonly proceeds in two modes, which are:

o Forward chaining
o Backward chaining

45) Which of the given statement is true for Conditional Probability?

a. Conditional Probability gives 100% accurate results.

b. Conditional Probability can be applied to a single event.
c. Conditional Probability has no effect or relevance on independent events.
 d. None of the above.

Hide Answer Workspace

Answer: c. Conditional Probability has no effect or relevance on independent events.

Explanation: The conditional probability is said as the probability of occurring an

event when another event has already occurred. And Independent events are those
that are not affected by the occurrence of other events; hence conditional probability
has no effect or relevance on independents events.

46) After applying conditional Probability to a given problem, we get______

a. 100% accurate result

b. Estimated Values
c. Wrong Values
d. None of the above

Hide Answer Workspace

Answer: b. Estimated Values

Explanation: Like all probability theories and methods, Conditional Probability also
provides the estimated result value, which means the probability of an event to occur,
not a 100% accurate result.

47) The best AI agent is one which____________

a. Needs user inputs for solving any problem

b. Can solve a problem on its own without any human intervention
c. Need a similar exemplary problem in its knowledge base
d. All of the above

Hide Answer Workspace

Answer: b. Can solve a problem on its own without any human intervention

Explanation: The best AI agent is one that can solve the problem on its own without
any human intervention.
48) The Bayesian Network gives________

a. A complete description of the problem

b. Partial Description of the domain
c. A complete description of the domain
d. None of the above

Hide Answer Workspace

Answer: c. A complete description of the domain

Explanation: A Bayesian network is a probabilistic graphical model that represents a

set of variables and their conditional dependencies using a directed acyclic graph. It
gives a complete description of the domain.

49) In LISP, the addition of 5+8 is entered as_______.

a. 5+8
b. 5 add 8
c. 5+8=
d. (+5 8)

Hide Answer Workspace

Answer: d. (+5 8)

Explanation: The sum of two variables a & b can be entered as (+a b). Hence the sum
of 5 and 8 can be entered as (+5 8).

50) An Algorithm is said as Complete algorithm if_______________

a. It ends with a solution (if any exists).

b. It begins with a solution.
c. It does not end with a solution.
d. It contains a loop
Hide Answer Workspace

Answer: a. It ends with a solution (if any exists).

Explanation: An algorithm is only said the complete algorithm if it ends with a solution
(if it exists).

51) Which statement is valid for the Heuristic function?

a. The heuristic function is used to solve mathematical problems.

b. The heuristic function takes parameters of type string and returns an integer
value.
c. The heuristic function does not have any return type.
d. The heuristic function calculates the cost of an optimal path between the pair
of states.

Hide Answer Workspace

Answer: d. The heuristic function calculates the cost of an optimal path between the
pair of states

Explanation: The heuristic function is used in Informed search in AI to find the most
promising path in the search. It estimates the closeness of the current state and
calculates the cost of an optimal path between the pair of states. It is represented by
h(n).

52) Which of the given element improve the performance of AI agent so that it can make
better decisions?

a. Changing Element
b. Performance Element
c. Learning Element
d. None of the above

Hide Answer Workspace

Answer: c. Learning Element

Explanation: The learning element improves the performance of an AI agent while
solving a given problem, so that it can make better decisions.

53) How many types of Machine Learning are there?

a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4

Hide Answer Workspace

Answer: c. 3

Explanation: There are three types of Machine Learning techniques, which are
Supervised Learning, Unsupervised Learning, and Reinforcement Learning.

54) The decision tree algorithm reaches its destination using_____________.

a. Single Test
b. Two Test
c. Sequence of test
 d. No test

Hide Answer Workspace

Answer: c. Sequence of test

Explanation: A decision tree is the supervised machine learning technique that can be
used for both Classification and Regression problems. It reaches its destination using
a Sequence of Tests.

55) In LISP programming, the square root is entered as_____.

a. Sqrt(x)
b. (sqrt x)
c. x/2
d. none of the above

Hide Answer Workspace

Answer: (sqrt x)

Explanation: In LISP programming, the square root of any variable x is entered as (sqrt
x).
1 What is Artificial intelligence?

A. Putting your intelligence into Computer

B. Programming with your own intelligence
C. Making a Machine intelligent
D. Playing a Game

ANSWER: C

2 Strong Artificial Intelligence is

A. the embodiment of human intellectual capabilities within a computer

B. a set of computer programs that produce output that would be considered
to reflect intelligence if it were generated by humans
C. the study of mental faculties through the use of mental models implemented on a computer
D. all of the mentioned

ANSWER: A

3 In which of the following situations might a blind search be acceptable?

A. real-life situation
B. complex game
C. small search space
D. all of the mentioned

ANSWER: C

4 Which search method takes less memory?

A. Depth-First Search
B. Breadth-First search
C. Optimal search
D. Linear Search

ANSWER: A

5 A heuristic is a way of trying

A. To discover something or an idea embedded in a program

B. To search and measure how far a node in a search tree seems to be from a goal
C. To compare two nodes in a search tree to see if one is better than the other is
D. All of the mentioned

ANSWER: D

6 Which is not a property of representation of knowledge?

A. Representational Verification
B. Representational Adequacy
C. Inferential Adequacy
D. Inferential Efficiency

ANSWER: A
7 A.M. turing developed a technique for determining whether a computer could or could not
demonstrate the artificial Intelligence, Presently, this technique is called

A. Turing Test
B. Algorithm
C. Boolean Algebra
D. Logarithm

ANSWER: A

8 A Personal Consultant knowledge base contain information in the form of

A. parameters
B. contexts
C. production rules
D. all of the mentioned

ANSWER: D

9 Which approach to speech recognition avoids the problem caused by the variation in speech
patterns among different speakers?

A. Continuous speech recognition

B. Isolated word recognition
C. Connected word recognition
D. Speaker-dependent recognition

ANSWER: D

10 Which of the following, is a component of an expert system?

A. inference engine
B. knowledge base
C. user interface
D. all of the mentioned

ANSWER: D

11 A computer vision technique that relies on image templates is

A. edge detection
B. binocular vision
8th IT- Al Question Bank
C. model-based vision
D. robot vision

ANSWER: C

12 DARPA, the agency that has funded a great deal of American Artificial Intelligence research,
is part of the Department of

A. Defense
B. Energy
C. Education
D. Justice
ANSWER: A

13 Which of these schools was not among the early leaders in Artificial Intelligence research?

A. Dartmouth University
B. Harvard University
C. Massachusetts Institute of Technology
D. Stanford University

ANSWER: B

14 Who is the “father” of artificial intelligence?

A. Fisher Ada
B. John McCarthy
C. Allen Newell
D. Alan Turning

ANSWER: B

15 A process that is repeated, evaluated, and refined is called

A. diagnostic
B. descriptive
C. interpretive
D. iterative ANSWER: D

16 Visual clues that are helpful in computer vision include

A. color and motion

B. depth and texture
C. height and weight
D. color and motion, depth and texture

ANSWER: D

17 General games involves

A. Single-agent
B. Multi-agent
C. Neither Single-agent nor Multi-agent
D. Only Single-agent and Multi-agent

ANSWER: D

18 Adversarial search problems uses

A. Competitive Environment
B. Cooperative Environment
C. Neither Competitive nor Cooperative Environment
D. Only Competitive and Cooperative Environment

ANSWER: A

19 Zero sum game has to be a game.

A. Single player
B. Two player
C. Multiplayer
D. Three player

ANSWER: C

20 A game can be formally defined as a kind of search problem with the following
components.

A. Initial State
B. Successor Function
C. Terminal Test
D. All of the mentioned

ANSWER: D

21 The initial state and the legal moves for each side define the for the game.

A. Search Tree
B. Game Tree
C. State Space Search
D. Forest

ANSWER: B

22 General algorithm applied on game tree for making decision of win/lose is

A. DFS/BFS Search Algorithms

B. Heuristic Search Algorithms
C. Greedy Search Algorithms
D. MIN/MAX Algorithms

ANSWER: D

23 What is the complexity of minirnax algorithm?

A. Same as of DES
B. Space — bm and time — bm
C. Time — bm and space — bm
D. Same as BFS

ANSWER: A

24 Which is the most straightforward approach for planning algorithm?

A. Best-first search
B. State-space search
C. Depth-first search
D. Hill-climbing search

ANSWER: B

25 What are taken into account of state-space search?

A. Postconditions
B. Preconditions
C. Effects
D. Both Preconditions & Effects

ANSWER: D

26 How many ways are available to solve the state-space search?

A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4

ANSWER: B

27 What is the other name for forward state-space search?

A. Progression planning
B. Regression planning
C. Test planning
D. None of the mentioned

ANSWER: A

28 How many states are available in state-space search?

A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4

ANSWER: D

29 What is the main advantage of backward state-space search?

A. Cost
B. Actions
C. Relevant actions
D. All of the mentioned

ANSWER: C

30 What is the other name of the backward state-space search?

A. Regression planning
B. Progression planning
C. State planning
D. Test planning

ANSWER: A

31 What is meant by consistent in state-space search?

A. Change in the desired literals
B. Not any change in the literals
C. No change in goal state
D. None of the mentioned

ANSWER: B

32 What will happen if a predecessor description is generated that is satisfied by the initial
state of the planning problem?

A. Success
B. Error
C. Compilation
D. Termination

ANSWER: 0

33 Which approach is to pretend that a pure divide and conquer algorithm will work?

A. Goal independence
B. Subgoal independence
C. Both Goal & Subgoal independence
D. None of the mentioned

ANSWER: B

34 Which search is equal to minimax search but eliminates the branches that can’t influence
the final decision?

A. Depth-first search
B. Breadth-first search
C. Alpha-beta pruning
D. None of the mentioned

ANSWER: C

35 Which values are independant in minimax search algorithm?

A. Pruned leaves x and y

B. Every states are dependant
C. Root is independant
D. None of the mentioned

ANSWER: A

36 To which depth does the alpha-beta pruning can be applied?

A. 10 states
B. 8 States
C. 6 States
D. Any depth

ANSWER: D

37 Which search is similar to minimax search?

A. Hill-climbing search
B. Depth-first search
C. Breadth-first search
D. All of the mentioned

ANSWER: B

38 Which value is assigned to alpha and beta in the alpha-beta pruning?

A. Alpha = max
B. Beta = min
C. Beta = max
D. Both Alpha = max & Beta = min

ANSWER: D

39 Where does the values of alpha-beta search get updated?

A. Along the path of search

B. Initial state itself
C. At the end
D. None of the mentioned

ANSWER: A

40 How the effectiveness of the alpha-beta pruning gets increased?

A. Depends on the nodes

B. Depends on the order in which they are executed
C. All of the mentioned
D. None of the mentioned

ANSWER: A

41 What is called as transposition table?

A. Hash table of next seen positions

B. Hash table of previously seen positions
C. Next value in the search
D. None of the mentioned

ANSWER: B

42 Which is identical to the closed list in Graph search?

A. Hill climbing search algorithm

B. Depth-first search
C. Transposition table
D. None of the mentioned

ANSWER: C

43 Which function is used to calculate the feasibility of whole game tree?

A. Evaluation function
B. Transposition
C. Alpha-beta pruning
D. All of the mentioned ANSWER: A

44 Knowledge and reasoning also play a crucial role in dealing with environment.

A. Completely Observable
B. Partially Observable
C. Neither Completely nor Partially Observable
D. Only Completely and Partially Observable

ANSWER: B

45 Treatment chosen by doctor for a patient for a disease is based on

A. Only current symptoms

B. Current symptoms plus some knowledge from the textbooks
C. Current symptoms plus some knowledge from the textbooks plus experience
D. All of the mentioned

ANSWER: C

46 Choose the correct option. A. Knowledge base (KB. is consists of set of statements.B.
Inference is deriving a new sentence from the KB.

A. A is true, B is true
B. A is false, B is false
C. A is true, B is false
D. A is false, B is true

ANSWER: A

47 Wumpus World is a classic problem, best example of

A. Single player Game

B. Two player Game
C. Reasoning with Knowledge
D. Knowledge based Game

ANSWER: C

48 ‘a I= 13 Ito mean that the sentence a entails the sentence 13) if and only if, in every model in
which a is 13 is also

A. True, true
B. True, false
C. False, true
D. False, false

ANSWER: A

49 Which is not a property of representation of knowledge?

A. Representational Verification
B. Representational Adequacy
C. Inferential Adequacy
D. Inferential Efficiency

ANSWER: A

50 Which is not Familiar Connectives in First Order Logic?

A. and
B. iff
C. or
D. not

ANSWER: D

51 Inference algorithm is complete only if

A. It can derive any sentence

B. It can derive any sentence that is an entailed version
C. It is truth preserving
D. it can derive any sentence that is an entailed version & It is truth preserving

ANSWER: D

52 A constructive approach in which no commitment is made unless it is necessary to do so is

A. Least commitment approach

B. Most commitment approach
C. Nonlinear planning
D. Opportunistic planning

ANSWER: A

53 Uncertainty arises in the wumpus world because the agent’s sensors give only

A. Full & Global information

B. Partial & Global Information
C. Partial & local Information
D. Full & local information

ANSWER: C

54 A Hybrid Bayesian network contains

A. Both discrete and continuous variables

B. Only Discrete variables
C. Only Discontinuous variable
D. Both Discrete and Discontinuous variable

ANSWER: A

55 How fuzzy logic different from conventional control method ?

A. IF and THEN Approach

B. FOR Approach
C. WHILE Approach
D. DO Approach

ANSWER: A

56 If a hypothesis says it should be positive, but in fact it is negative, we call it

A. A consistent hypothesis
B. A false negative hypothesis
C. A false positive hypothesis
D. A specialized hypothesis ANSWER: C

57 Which is true for Decision theory?

A. Decision Theory = Probability theory + utility theory

B. Decision Theory = Inference theory + utility theory
C. Decision Theory = Uncertainty + utility theory
D. Decision Theory = Probability theory + preference

ANSWER: C

58 A constructive approach in which no commitment is made unless it is necessary to do so is

A. Least commitment approach

B. Most commitment approach
C. Nonlinear planning
D. Opportunistic planning

ANSWER: A

59 What is the form of Fuzzy logic?

A. Two-valued logic
B. Crisp set logic
C. Many-valued logic
D. Binary set logic

ANSWER: C

60 The truth values of traditional set theory is and that of fuzzy set is

A. Either 0 or 1, between 0 & 1

B. Between 0 & 1, either 0 or 1
C. Between 0 & 1, between 0 & 1
D. Either 0 or 1, either 0 or 1

ANSWER: A

61 The room temperature is hot. Here the hot (use of linguistic variable is useD. can be
represented by

A. Fuzzy Set
B. Crisp Set
C. Fuzzy & Crisp Set
D. None of the mentioned
ANSWER: A

62 The values of the set membership is represented by

A. Discrete Set
B. Degree of truth
C. Probabilities
D. Both Degree of truth & Probabilities

ANSWER: B

63 Fuzzy Set theory defines fuzzy operators. Choose the fuzzy operators from the following.

A. AND
B. OR
C. NOT
D. All of the mentioned

ANSWER: D

64 There are also other operators, more linguistic in nature, called that can be applied to fuzzy
set theory.

A. Hedges
B. Lingual Variable
C. Fuzz Variable
D. None of the mentioned

ANSWER: A

65 Fuzzy logic is usually represented as

A. IF-THEN-ELSE rules
B. IF-THEN rules
C. Both IF-THEN-ELSE rules & IF-THEN rules
D. None of the mentioned

ANSWER: B

66 ________ is/are the way/s to represent uncertainty.

A. Fuzzy Logic
B. Probability
C. Entropy
D. All of the mentioned

ANSWER: D

67 ________are algorithms that learn from their more complex environments (hence eco) to
generalize, approximate and simplify solution logic.

A. Fuzzy Relational DB
B. Ecorithms
C. Fuzzy Set
D. None of the mentioned
ANSWER: C

68 How many terms are required for building a bayes model?

A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4

ANSWER: C

69 What is needed to make probabilistic systems feasible in the world?

A. Reliability
B. Crucial robustness
8th IT- AI Question Bank
C. Feasibility
D. None of the mentioned

ANSWER: B

70 Where does the bayes rule can be used?

A. Solving queries
B. Increasing complexity
C. Decreasing complexity
D. ANSWERing probabilistic query

ANSWER: D

71 What does the bayesian network provides?

A. Complete description of the domain

B. Partial description of the domain
C. Complete description of the problem
D. None of the mentioned

ANSWER: A

72 How the entries in the full joint probability distribution can be calculated?

A. Using variables
B. Using information
C. Both Using variables & information
D. None of the mentioned

ANSWER: B

73 How the bayesian network can be used to answer any query ?

A. Full distribution
B. Joint distribution
C. Partial distribution
D. All of the mentioned
ANSWER: B

74 How the compactness of the bayesian network can be described?

A. Locally structured
B. Fully structured
C. Partial structure
D. All of the mentioned

ANSWER: A

75 To which does the local structure is associated?

A. Hybrid
B. Dependant
C. Linear
D. None of the mentioned

ANSWER: C

76 Which condition is used to influence a variable directly by all the others?

A. Partially connected
B. Fully connected
C. Local connected
D. None of the mentioned

ANSWER: B

77 What is the consequence between a node and its predecessors while creating bayesian
network?

A. Functionally dependent
B. Dependant
C. Conditionally independent
D. Both Conditionally dependant & Dependant

ANSWER: C

78 What is perceptron?

A. a single layer feed-forward neural network with pre-processing

B. an auto-associative neural network
C. a double layer auto-associative neural network
D. a neural network that contains feedback

ANSWER: A

79 What is an auto-associative network?

A. a neural network that contains no loops

B. a neural network that contains feedback
C. a neural network that has only one loop
D. a single layer feed-forward neural network with pre-processing
ANSWER: B

80 A 4-input neuron has weights 1, 2, 3 and 4. The transfer function is linear with the constant
of proportionality being equal to 2. The inputs are 4, 10, 5 and 20 respectively. What will be the
output?

A. 238
B. 76
C. 119
D. 123

ANSWER: A

81 Which of the following is true? (I) On average, neural networks have higher computational
rates than conventional computers. (ii) Neural networks learn by example. (iii) Neural networks
mimic the way the human brain works.

A. All of the mentioned are true

B. (ii) and NO are true
C. 0), (ii) and (iii) are true
D. None of the mentioned

ANSWER: A

82 Which of the following is true for neural networks? 0) The training time depends on the size
of the network. (ii) Neural networks can be simulated on a conventional computer. (iii) Artificial
neurons are identical in operation to biological ones.

A. All of the mentioned

B. (ii) is true
C. (i) and (ii) are true
D. None of the mentioned

ANSWER: C

83 What are the advantages of neural networks over conventional computers? (F) They have
the ability to learn by example (ii) They are more fault tolerant (iii)They are more suited for real
time operation due to their high `computational’ rates

A. (i) and (ii) are true

B. (I) and (iii) are true
C. Only (i)
D. All of the mentioned

ANSWER: D

84 Which of the following is true?

Single layer associative neural networks do not have the ability to:

(i) perform pattern recognition

(ii) find the parity of a picture
(iii)determine whether two or more shapes in a picture are connected or not

A. (ii) and (iii) are true

B. (ii) is true
C. All of the mentioned
D. None of the mentioned

ANSWER: A

85 Which is true for neural networks?

A. it has set of nodes and connections

B. Each node computes it’s weighted input
C. Node could be in excited state or non-excited state
D. All of the mentioned

ANSWER: D

86 A 3-input neuron is trained to output a zero when the input is 110 and a one when the input
is 111. After generalization, the output will be zero when and only when the input is?

A. 000 or 110 or 011 or 101

B. 010 or 100 or 110 or 101
C. 000 or 010 or 110 or 100
D. 100 or 111 or 101 or 001

ANSWER: C

87 Why is the XOR problem exceptionally interesting to neural network researchers?

A. Because it can be expressed in a way that allows you to use a neural network
B. Because it is complex binary operation that cannot be solved using neural networks
C. Because it can be solved by a single layer perceptron
D. Because it is the simplest linearly inseparable problem that exists.

ANSWER: D

88 What is back propagation?

A. It is another name given to the curvy function in the perceptron

B. It is the transmission of error back through the network to adjust the inputs
C. It is the transmission of error back through the network to allow weights to be adjusted so
that the network can learn
D. None of the mentioned

ANSWER: C

89 Why are linearly separable problems of interest of neural network researchers?

A. Because they are the only class of problem that network can solve successfully
B. Because they are the only class of problem that Perceptron can solve successfully
C. Because they are the only mathematical functions that are continue
D. Because they are the only mathematical functions you can draw

ANSWER: B

90 Which of the following is not the promise of artificial neural network?

A. It can explain result
B. It can survive the failure of some nodes
C. It has inherent parallelism
D. It can handle noise

ANSWER: A

91 Neural Networks are complex with many parameters.

A. Linear Functions
B. Nonlinear Functions
C. Discrete Functions
D. Exponential Functions

ANSWER: A

92 A perceptron adds up all the weighted inputs it receives, and if it exceeds a certain value, it
outputs a 1, otherwise it just outputs a O.

A. True
B. False
C. Sometimes — it can also output intermediate values as well
D. Can’t say

ANSWER: A

93 What is the name of the function in the following statement “A perceptron adds up all the
weighted inputs it receives, and if it exceeds a certain value, it outputs a 1, otherwise it just
outputs a 0”?

A. Step function
B. Heaviside function
C. Logistic function
D. Perceptron function

ANSWER: B

94 What is a Cybernetics?

A. Study of communication between two machines

B. Study of communication between human and machine
C. Study of communication between two humans
D. Study of Boolean values

ANSWER: B

95 What is the goal of artificial intelligence?

A. To solve real-world problems

B. To solve artificial problems
C. To explain various sorts of intelligence
D. To extract scientific causes ANSWER: C

96 An algorithm is complete if
A. It terminates with a solution when one exists
B. It starts with a solution
8th IT- AI Question Bank
C. It does not terminate with a solution
D. It has a loop

ANSWER: A

97 Which is true regarding BFS (Breadth First Search)?

A. BFS will get trapped exploring a single path

B. The entire tree so far been generated must be stored in BFS
C. BFS is not guaranteed to find a solution if exists
D. BFS is nothing but Binary First Search

ANSWER: B

98 What is a heuristic function?

A. A function to solve mathematical problems

B. A function which takes parameters of type string and returns an integer value
C. A function whose return type is nothing
D. A function that maps from problem state descriptions to measures of desirability

ANSWER: D

99 The traveling salesman problem involves n cities with paths connecting the cities. The time
taken for traversing through all the cities, without knowing in advance the length of a minimum
tour, is

A. 0(n)
B. 0(n2)
C. 0(n1)
D. 0(n/2)

ANSWER: C

100 What is the problem space of means-end analysis?

A. An initial state and one or more goal states

B. One or more initial states and one goal state
C. One or more initial states and one or more goal state
D. One initial state and one goal state
ANSWER: A

Intermediate Level MCQ

1 An expert system differs from a database program in that only an expert system:

A Contains declarative knowledge

B Contains procedural knowledge
C Features the retrieval of stored information
D Expects users to draw their own conclusions
Ans B

2 Natural language understanding is used in:

A Natural language interfaces

B Natural language front ends
C Text understanding systems
D All of the above

Ans D

3 The first ai programming language was called:

A Basic
B Fortran
C Ipl
D Lisp

Ans C

4 One definition of ai focuses on problem-solving methods that process:

A Smell
B Symbols
C Touch
D Algorithms

Ans B

5 Artificial intelligence is

A The embodiment of human intellectual capabilities within a computer.

B A set of computer programs that produce output that would be considered to reflect
intelligence if it were generated by humans.
C The study of mental faculties through the use of mental models implemented on a computer.
D All of the above

Ans D

6 People overcome natural language problems by:

A Grouping attributes into frames

B Understanding ideas in context
C Identifying with familiar situations
D Both (b) and (c)

Ans D

7 A series of ai systems developed by pat langley to explore the role of heuristics in scientific
discovery.

A Ramd
B Bacon
C Mit
D Du
Ans B

8 A Turing developed a technique for determining whether a computer could or could not
demonstrate the artificial intelligence,, presently, this technique is called

A Turing test
B Algorithm
C Boolean algebra
D Logarithm

Ans A

9 Which of the following, is a component of an expert system?

A Inference engine
B Knowledge base
C User interface
D All of the above

Ans D

10 Natural language processing can be divided into the two subfields of:

A Context and expectations

B Generation and understanding
C Semantics of pragmatics
D Recognition and synthesis

Ans B

11 The characteristics of the computer system capable of thinking, reasoning and learning is
known is

A Machine intelligence
B Human intelligence
C Artificial intelligence
D Virtual intelligence

Ans C

12 The area of AI that investigates methods of facilitating communication between people and
computers is:

A Natural language processing

B Symbolic processing
C Decision support
D Robotics

Ans A

13 The “Turing machine” showed that you could use a/an system to program any algorithmic
task.

A Binary
B Electro-chemical
C Recursive
D Semantic

Ans A

14 What is the term used for describing the judgmental or commonsense part of problem
solving?

A Heuristic
B Critical
C Value based
D Analytical

Ans A

15 What was originally called the “imitation game” by its creator?

A The Turing test

B Lisp
C The logic theorist
D Cybernetics

Ans A

16 Weak AI is

A The embodiment of human intellectual capabilities within a computer.

B A set of computer programs that produce output that would be considered to reflect
intelligence if it were generated by humans.
C The study of mental faculties through the use of mental models implemented on a computer.
D All of the above

Ans C

17 An AI technique that allows computers to understand associations and relationships

between objects and events is called:

A Heuristic processing
B Cognitive science
C Relative symbolism
D Pattern matching

Ans D

18 A natural language generation program must decide:

A What to say
B When to say something
C Why it is being used
D Both (a) and (b)

Ans D

19 Strong artificial intelligence is

A The embodiment of human intellectual capabilities within a computer
B A set of computer programs that produce output that would be considered to reflect
intelligence if it were generated by humans
C The study of mental faculties through the use of mental models implemented on a computer
D All of the mentioned

Ans A

20 What is artificial intelligence?

A Putting your intelligence into computer

B Programming with your own intelligence
C Making a machine intelligent
D Playing a game

Ans C

21 A heuristic is a way of trying

A To discover something or an idea embedded in a program

B To search and measure how far a node in a search tree seems to be from a goal
C To compare two nodes in a search tree to see if one is better than the other is
D All of the mentioned

Ans D

22 Which search method takes less memory?

A Depth-first search
B Breadth-first search
C Optimal search
D Linear search

Ans A

23 How do you represent “all dogs have tails”?

A ۷x: dog(x) has tail(x)

B ۷x: dog(x) has tail(y)
C ۷x: dog(y) has tail(x)
D ۷x: dog(x) has tail(x)

Ans

24 Which is not a property of representation of knowledge?

A Representational verification
B Representational adequacy
C Inferential adequacy
D Inferential efficiency

Ans A

25 A robot’s “arm” is also known as its

A End effector
B Actuator
C Manipulator
D Servomechanism

Ans C

26 What is transposition rule?

A From p → q, infer ~q → p
B From p → q, infer q → ~p
C From p → q, infer q → p
D From p → q, infer ~q → ~p

Ans D

27 In default logic, which of the following inference rules of the form is

allowed?

A (a : b) / c
B A / (b : c)
CA/b
DA/b:c

Ans A

28 What is another type of default reasoning?

A Monotonic reasoning
B Analogical reasoning
C Bitonic reasoning
D Non-monotonic reasoning

Ans D

29 Categorize crossword puzzle in fully observable / partially observable.

A Fully observable
B Partially observable
C All of the mentioned
D None of the mentioned

Ans A

30 An expert system differs from a database program in that only an expert

system:

A Strong artificial intelligence

B Weak artificial intelligence
C Applied artificial intelligence
D All of the mentioned

Ans D

31 An artificial neural network is based on?

A Strong artificial intelligence approach
B Weak artificial intelligence approach
C Cognitive artificial intelligence approach
D Applied artificial intelligence approach

Ans C

32 The face recognition system is based on?

A Strong artificial intelligence approach

B Weak artificial intelligence approach
C Cognitive artificial intelligence approach
D Applied artificial intelligence approach

Ans D

33 Which term is used for describing the judgmental or commonsense part of problem
solving?

A Heuristic
B Critical
C Value based
D Analytical

Ans A

34 Decision support programs are designed to help managers make

A Budget projections
B Visual presentations
C Business decisions
D Vacation schedules

Ans C

35 What are the two subfields of natural language processing?

A Symbolic and numeric

B Time and motion
C Algorithmic and heuristic
D Understanding and generation

Ans C

36 What is the name of the computer program that contains the distilled knowledge of an
expert?

A Database management system

B Management information system
C Expert system
D Artificial intelligence

Ans C

37 Decision support programs are designed to help managers make

A Budget projections
B Visual presentations
C Business decisions
D Vacation schedules

Ans C

38 Elementary linguistic units that are smaller than words are?

A Allophones
B Phonemes
C Syllables
D All of the mentioned

Ans D

39 Which of the factors affect the performance of learner system does not include?

A Representation scheme used

B Training scenario
C Type of feedback
D Good data structures

Ans D

40 In language understanding, the levels of knowledge that does not include?

A Phonological
B Syntactic
C Empirical
D Logical

Ans C

41 How many types of agents are there in artificial intelligence?

A1
B2
C3
D4

Ans D

42 What is the rule of simple reflex agent?

A Simple-action rule
B Condition-action rule
C Simple & condition-action rule
D None of the mentioned

Ans B

43 What are the composition for agents in artificial intelligence?

A Program
B Architecture
C Both program & architecture
D None of the mentioned

Ans C

44 Which action sequences are used to achieve the agent’s goal?

A Search
B Plan
C Retrieve
D Both search & plan

Ans D

45 Which element in the agent are used for selecting external actions?

A Perceive
B Performance
C Learning
D Actuator

Ans B

46 Agents behavior can be best described by

A Perception sequence
B Agent function
C Sensors and actuators
D Environment in which agent is performing

Ans B

47 Rational agent is the one who always does the right thing.

A True
B False

Ans A

48 Performance measures are fixed for all agents.

A True
B False

Ans A

49 The game of poker is a single agent.

A True
B False

Ans B
50 An agent is composed of

A Architecture
B Agent function
C Perception sequence
D Architecture and program

Ans D

51 What is state space?

A The whole problem

B Your definition to a problem
C Problem you design
D Representing your problem with variable and parameter

Ans D

52 A search algorithm takes as an input and returns as an output.

A Input, output
B Problem, solution
C Solution, problem
D Parameters, sequence of actions

Ans B

53 A problem in a search space is defined by one of these state

A Initial state
B Last state
C Intermediate state
D All of the mentioned

Ans A

54 The set of actions for a problem in a state space is formulated by a

A Intermediate states
B Initial state
C Successor function, which takes current action and returns next immediate state
D None of the mentioned

Ans C

55 The process of removing detail from a given state representation is called

A Extraction
B Abstraction
C Information retrieval
D Mining of data

Ans B

56 Fuzzy inference systems (fis) have multidisciplinary nature.

A True
B False

Ans. A

57 Machine learning typically follows phases according to finlay.

A2
B3
C5

Ans. B

58 Complex problems usually have well-defined steps

A True
B False

Ans. B

59 Fuzzy logic is a subset of conventional (boolean) logic.

A True
B False

Ans. B

60 Mamdani’s method was among the first built using fuzzy set
theory.

A Control systems
B Expert systems
C Decision analysis systems

Ans. A

61 is the process by which the fuzzy sets that represent the outputs of each rule are combined
into a single fuzzy set.

A Aggregation
B Fuzzification
C Implication

Ans. A

62 Learning works on existing facts and knowledge and deduces new knowledge from the old.

A Inductive
B Application
C Deductive

Ans. C
63 The goal of knowledge analysis is to analyze and structure the knowledge gained during
the planning phase.

A True
B False

Ans. A

64 Usually a graph is chosen to represent a fuzzy set

A Triangular
B Conical
C Circular

Ans. A

65 The tractable problems are further divided into structured and problems

A Complex
B Simple
C Non-structured

Ans. A

66 Which one is not the advantage of neural network

A Excellent for pattern recognition

B Excellent classifiers
C None of the given

Ans. C

67 A concept is the representation of the with respect to the given attributes.

A Knowledge
B Solution
C Problem

Ans. C

68 Artificial intelligence has its expansion in the following application.

A Planning and scheduling

B Robotics
C All of the above

Ans. C

69 The characteristics of the computer system capable of thinking, reasoning and learning is
known is

A Machine intelligence
B Artificial intelligence
C Human intelligence
Ans. B

70 What is the term used for describing the judgmental or commonsense part of problem
solving?

A Analytical
B Heuristic

Ans. B

71 What was originally called the “imitation game” by its creator?

A The logic theorist

B Lisp
C The turing test

Ans. C

72 The field that investigates the mechanics of human intelligence is

A Psychology
B Cognitive science
C Sociology

Ans. B

73 Strong artificial intelligence is

A A set of computer programs that produce output that would be considered to reflect
intelligence if it were generated by humans.
B The study of mental faculties through the use of mental models implemented on a computer.
C The embodiment of human intellectual capabilities within a computer.

Ans. C

74 Weak ai is

A A set of computer programs that produce output that would be considered to reflect
intelligence if it were generated by humans.
B The study of mental faculties through the use of mental models implemented on a computer.
C The embodiment of human intellectual capabilities within a computer.

Ans. B

75 Prior to the invention of time-sharing, the prevalent method of computer access was

A Batch processing
B Telecommunication

Ans. A

76 In Lisp, the addition 3 + 2 is entered as

A 3+2
B 3 add 2
C (+3 2)

Ans. C

77 In Lisp, the function returns t if is a cons cell and nil otherwise

A (cons )
B (consp )

Ans. B

78 In Lisp, what is the function assigns the symbol x to y?

A (setq y x)
B (setq y ‘x’)
C (set y = ‘x’)

Ans. B

79 Lisp machines also are known as

A Time-sharing terminals
B Ai workstations

Ans. B

80 What are the two subfields of natural language processing?

A Context and expectations

B Generation and understanding
C Semantics of pragmatics

Ans. B

81 Which of the following function returns t if the object is a number in lisp?

A (number <object>)
B (numberp <object>)
C (numericp <object>)

Ans. B

82 The area of ai that investigates methods of facilitating communication between people and
computers is

A Natural language processing

B Symbolic processing
C Robotics

Ans. A

83 In lisp, the atom that stands for “false” is

AT
B Nill

Ans. B

84 A key knowledge base contains information in the form of

A Associations
B Actions
C All of the mentioned

Ans. C

85 Special programs that assist programmers are called

A Symbolic programmers
B Intelligent programming tools

Ans. B

86 What is back propagation?

A It is another name given to the curvy function in the perceptron

B It is the transmission of error back through the network to adjust the inputs
C It is the transmission of error back through the network to allow weights to be adjusted so
that the network can learn

Ans. C

87 Which of the following is not the promise of artificial neural network?

A It can explain result

B It can survive the failure of some nodes
C It has inherent parallelism

Ans. A

88 Neural networks are complex with many parameters.

A Nonlinear functions
B Linear functions
C Discrete functions

Ans. B

89 The network that involves backward links from output to the input and hidden layers is
called

A Self organizing maps

B Recurrent neural network

Ans. B
90 There exist only two types of quantifiers, universal quantification and existential
quantification.

A True
B False

Ans. A

91 First order logic is also known as

A First order predicate calculus

B Quantification theory
C All of the mentioned

Ans.

92 General games involves

A Single-agent
B Multi-agent
C Only single-agent and multi-agent

Ans. C

93 Zero sum games are the one in which there are two agents whose actions must alternate
and in which the utility values at the end of the game are always the
same.
A True
B False

Ans. B

94 The initial state and the legal moves for each side define the for the game.

A Search tree
B Game tree

Ans. B

95 Which is the most straightforward approach for planning algorithm?

A Best-first search
B State-space search

Ans. B

96 How many ways are available to solve the state-space search?

A1
B2

Ans. B

97 What is the main advantage of backward state-space search?

A Cost
B Actions
C Relevant actions

Ans. C

98 Which approach is to pretend that a pure divide and conquer algorithm will work?

A Goal independence
B Subgoal independence
C Both goal & subgoal independence

Ans. B

99 Though local search algorithms are not systematic, key advantages would include

A Less memory & finds a solution in large infinite space

B Finds a solution in large infinite space

Ans. A

100 A complete, local search algorithm always finds goal if one exists, an optimal algorithm
always finds a global minimum/maximum.

A True
B False

Ans. A
1. An Artificial Intelligence system developed by Terry A. Winograd to permit an
interactive dialogue about a domain he called blocks-world.

• SIMD
• STUDENT
• SHRDLU
• BACON

Video Player is loading.

Pause

Unmute

100%

Loaded: 0%

Fullscreen

View Answer

SHRDLU

2. What is Artificial intelligence?

• Programming with your own intelligence

• Putting your intelligence into Computer
• Making a Machine intelligent
• Playing a Game

View Answer
Artificial intelligence is Making a Machine intelligent

3. DARPA, the agency that has funded a great deal of American Artificial
Intelligence research, is part of the Department of:

• Education
 • Defense
• Energy
• Justice

View Answer
DARPA, the agency that has funded a great deal of American Artificial Intelligence research,
is part of the Department of Defense.

4. Who is the father of artificial intelligence?

• John McCarthy
• Fisher Ada
• Allen Newell
• Alan Turning

View Answer
The father of artificial intelligence is John McCarthy

The Allen Newell (CMU), Herbert Simon (CMU), John McCarthy (MIT), Marvin Minsky (MIT),
and Arthur Samuel (IBM) are the founders and leaders of AI research.

5. KEE is a product of:

• IntelliCorpn
• Teknowledge
• Texas Instruments
• Tech knowledge

Download Free : Artificial Intelligence MCQ PDF

View Answer

KEE is a product of IntelliCorpn .

6. Default reasoning is another type of -

• Analogical reasoning
• Bitonic reasoning
 • Non-monotonic reasoning
• Monotonic reasoning

View Answer
Default reasoning is another type of Non-monotonic reasoning.

7. Weak AI is

• a set of computer programs that produce output that would be considered to

reflect intelligence if it were generated by humans.
• the study of mental faculties through the use of mental models implemented on
a computer.
• the embodiment of human intellectual capabilities within a computer.
• All of the above

View Answer
Weak AI is the study of mental faculties through the use of mental models implemented on
a computer.

8. If a robot can alter its own trajectory in response to external conditions, it is

considered to be:

• mobile
• open loop
• intelligent
• non-servo

View Answer
If a robot can alter its own trajectory in response to external conditions, it is considered to be
intelligent .

9. One of the leading American robotics centers is the Robotics Institute located at

• RAND
• MIT
• CMU
 • SRI

View Answer
One of the leading American robotics centers is the Robotics Institute located at CMU

10. What is the name of the computer program that contains the distilled
knowledge of an expert?

• Management information System

• Expert system
• Data base management system
• Artificial intelligence

Read Best: Artificial Intelligence Interview Questions

View Answer

Expert system contains the distilled knowledge of an expert.

11. In LISP, the function evaluates both <variable> and <object> is -

• setq
• add
• set
• eva

View Answer
In LISP, the function evaluates both <variable> and <object> is set.

12. What is Artificial intelligence?

• Making a Machine intelligent

• Putting your intelligence into Computer
• Programming with your own intelligence
• putting more memory into Computer

View Answer
Artificial intelligence is Making a Machine intelligent.

13. Which is not the commonly used programming language for AI?

• PROLOG
• LISP
• Perl
• Java script

View Answer
Perl is not the commonly used programming language for AI.

14. Which is not a property of representation of knowledge?

• Inferential Adequacy
• Representational Adequacy
• Representational Verification
• Inferential Efficiency

View Answer
Representational Verification is not a property of representation of knowledge.

15. A Hybrid Bayesian network contains

• Both discrete and continuous variables

• Only Discontinuous variable
• Both Discrete and Discontinuous variable
• Continous variable only.

Download Free: Artificial Intelligence Interview Questions PDF

View Answer

Both discrete and continuous variables

16. Computational learning theory analyzes the sample complexity and
computational complexity of -

• Forced based learning

• Weak learning
• Inductive learning
• Knowledge based learning.

View Answer
Computational learning theory analyzes the sample complexity and computational
complexity of Inductive learning.

17. Which is true?

• All formal languages are like natural language

• Not all formal languages are context-free

View Answer
Not all formal languages are context-free

18. What stage of the manufacturing process has been described as "the mapping
of function onto form"?

• Distribution
• project management
• Design
• field service

View Answer
Design

19. Programming a robot by physically moving it through the trajectory you want it
to follow is called:

• continuous-path control
 • robot vision control
• contact sensing control
• pick-and-place control

View Answer
Programming a robot by physically moving it through the trajectory you want it to follow is
called continuous-path control.

20. In LISP, the addition 3 + 2 is entered as -

• 3 add 2
• 3+2
• 3+2=
• (+ 3 2)

View Answer
In LISP, the addition 3 + 2 is entered as (+ 3 2) .

21. Knowledge engineering is a field of Artificial intelligence.

• True
• False

View Answer
True

22. The first ai programming language was called

• Python
• IPL
• LISP
• Machine Language

View Answer
The first ai programming language was called IPL
23. Which of following search algorithm requires less memory?

• Optimal Search
• Breadth-First Search
• Depth First Search
• Linear Search

View Answer
DFS (Depth First Search) algorithm requires less memory because it only stores the stack of
nodes from the root node to the current node.

24. What is an component of an Expert system?

• Inference Engine
• User Interface
• Knowledge Base
• All are correct

View Answer
All three (Inference Engine, User Interface, and Knowledge Base) are components of an
Expert system.

25. A heuristic is a way of trying

• To search and measure how far a node in a search tree seems to be from a goal
• To discover something or an idea embedded in a program
• To compare two nodes in a search tree to see if one is better than the other
• All are correct

View Answer
All of the Above answers are correct

26. What kind of behavior does the stochastic environment posses?

 • Deterministic
• Local
• Primary
• Rational

View Answer
The stochastic environment posses Local behavior

27. Which is the following is most straightforward approach for planning algorithm?

• Best-first search
• Depth First Search
• State space search
• Binary Search

View Answer
State space search is most straightforward approach for planning algorithm.

28. Which of follwing was originally called the "imitation game" by its creator?

• LISP
• The Turing Test
• The Logic Theorist
• Cybernetics

View Answer
The Turing Test was originally called the "imitation game" by its creator

29. The Strategic Computing Program was project of the

• Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency

• Jet Propulsion Laboratory
• National Science Foundation
• All of the Above
View Answer
Strategic Computing Program was project of the Defense Advanced Research Projects
Agency

30. Computational intelligence is a form of _________.

• Knowledge management
• Singularity
• Artificial intelligence
• case-based reasoning

View Answer
Computational intelligence is a form of Artificial intelligence.

31. Which of the following is not a stage of knowledge engineering?

• Assemble the relevant knowledge

• Encode general knowledge about the domain
• Identify the task
• Fixing a Problem

View Answer
Fixing a Problem is not a stage of knowledge engineering.

32. Which of the following is not a stage of AI?

• Predictive analytics
• Diagnostic analytics
• Cognitive analytics
• All of the above

View Answer
Cognitive analytics
33. The core components are constituents of ai are derived from ...................

• Cognition
• Computation
• Concept of logic
• All of the above

View Answer
All of the above

34. Strong AI is ................

• The embodiment of human intellectual capabilities within a computer.

• The study of mental faculties through the use of mental models implemented on
a computer.
• Both A & B
• None of the above

View Answer
The embodiment of human intellectual capabilities within a computer.

35. What is state space in AI?

• The whole problem

• Problem you design
• The whole problem
• Representing your problem with variable and parameter

View Answer
Representing your problem with variable and parameter

36. Face recognition system is based on which AI?

• Serial AI
• Parallel AI
 • Applied AI
• Strong AI

View Answer
Applied AI

37. What are the main goals of AI?

• Create Expert Systems

• Implement Human Intelligence in Machines
• Both Options
• None of the above

View Answer
Both Options

38. What is the frame in AI?

• Data Type
• Data Structure
• A way of representing knowledge
• All of the above

View Answer
A way of representing knowledge

39. Which of the following is an application of AI?

• Gamings
• Vision Systems
• Expert Systems
• All of the above

View Answer
All of the above
40. A problem in a search space is defined by ...........

• Last state
• Initial state
• Intermediate state
• None of the above

View Answer
Intermediate state
1. What is Artificial intelligence?

(a) Putting your intelligence into Computer

(b) Programming with your own intelligence

(c) Making a Machine intelligent

(d) Playing a Game

(e) Putting more memory into Computer

2. Which is not the commonly used programming language for AI?

(a) PROLOG (b) Java (c) LISP (d) Perl (e) Java script.

3. What is state space?

(a) The whole problem

(b) Your Definition to a problem

(c) Problem you design

(d) Representing your problem with variable and parameter

(e) A space where You know the solution.

4. A production rule consists of

(a) A set of Rule (b) A sequence of steps

(c) Both (a) and (b) (d) Arbitrary representation to problem

(e) Directly getting solution.

5. Which search method takes less memory?

(a) Depth-First Search (b) Breadth-First search

(c) Both (a) and (b) (d) Linear Search.

(e) Optimal search.

6. A heuristic is a way of trying

(a) To discover something or an idea embedded in a program

(b) To search and measure how far a node in a search tree seems to be from a goal

(c) To compare two nodes in a search tree to see if one is better than the other

(d) Only (a) and (b)

(e) Only (a), (b) and (c).

7. A* algorithm is based on

(a) Breadth-First-Search (b) Depth-First –Search

(c) Best-First-Search (d) Hill climbing.

(e) Bulkworld Problem.

8. Which is the best way to go for Game playing problem?

(a) Linear approach (b) Heuristic approach

 (c) Random approach (d) Optimal approach

(e) Stratified approach.

9. How do you represent “All dogs have tails”.

(a) ۷x: dog(x)→hastail(x) (b) ۷x: dog(x)→hastail(y)

(c) ۷x: dog(y)→hastail(x) (d) ۷x: dog(x)→has→tail(x)

(e) ۷x: dog(x)→has→tail(y)

10. Which is not a property of representation of knowledge?

(a) Representational Verification (b) Representational Adequacy

(c) Inferential Adequacy (d) Inferential Efficiency

(e) Acquisitional Efficiency.

Answers

1. Answer : (c)

Reason : Because AI is to make things work automatically through machine without using human effort.
Machine will give the result with just giving input from human. That means the system or
machine will act as per the requirement.

2. Answer : (d)

Reason : Because Perl is used as a script language, and not of much use for AI practice. All others are
used to generate an artificial program to a great extent.

3. Answer : (d)

Reason : Because state space is mostly concerned with a problem, when you try to solve a problem, we
have to design a mathematical structure to the problem which can only be through variables
and parameters. Ex. You have given a 4-gallon jug and another 3gallon jugs. Neither has
measuring marker on it. You have to fill the jugs with water .How can you get exactly 2 gallons
of water in to 4gallons.Here the state space can defined as set of ordered
pairs integers(x,y),such that x=0,1,2,3 or 4 and y=0,1,2 or 3;X represents the number of gallons
in 4galoon jug and y represents quantity of water in the 3-gallon jug.

4. Answer : (c)

Reason : When you are trying to solve a problem, you should design how to get a step by step solution
with constraints condition to your problem, e.g Chess board problem.

5. Answer : (a)

Reason : Depth-First Search takes less memory since only the nodes on the current path are stored, but
in Breadth First Search, all of the tree that has generated must be stored.

6. Answer : (e)

Reason : In a heuristic approach we discover certain idea and use heuristic functions to search for a
goal and predicates to compare nodes.

7. Answer : (c)
Reason : Because Best-first-search is giving the idea of optimization and quick choose of path, and all
these characteristic lies in A* algorithm.

8. Answer : (b)

Reason : We use Heuristic approach as it will find out brute force computation ,looking at hundreds of
thousands of positions. e.g Chess competition between Human and AI based Computer.

9. Answer : (a)

Reason : We represent the statement in mathematical logic taking ‘x ‘as Dog and which has tail. We can
not represent two variable x, y for the same object Dog which has tail. The symbol “۷ “represent
all.

10. Answer : (a)

Reason : There is nothing to go for Representational verification, the verification comes under
Representational adequacy.

11. What are you predicating by the logic: ۷x: €y: loyalto(x, y).

(a) Everyone is loyal to some one (b) Everyone is loyal to all

(c) Everyone is not loyal to someone (d) Everyone is loyal

(e) Everyone is not loyal.

12. Which is not Familiar Connectives in First Order Logic?

(a) and (b) iff (c) or (d) not (e) either a or

b.

13. Which is not a type of First Order Logic (FOL) Sentence?

(a) Atomic sentences (b) Complex sentences

(c) Quantified sentence (d) Quality Sentence

(e) Simple sentence.

14. Which is not a Goal-based agent?

(a) Inference (b) Search (c) Planning

(d) Conclusion (e) Dynamic search.

15. A plan that describe how to take actions in levels of increasing refinement and specificity is

(a) Problem solving (b) Planning

(c) Non-hierarchical plan (d) Hierarchical plan (e) Inheritance.

16. A constructive approach in which no commitment is made unless it is necessary to do so, is

(a) Least commitment approach (b) Most commitment approach

(c) Nonlinear planning (d) Opportunistic planning

(e) Problem based planning.

17. Partial order planning involves

(a) Searching over the space of possible plans

(b) Searching over possible situations

 (c) Searching the whole problem at once

(d) Searching the best

(e) Searching the goal.

18. Which is true for Decision theory?

(a) Decision Theory = Probability theory + utility theory

(b) Decision Theory = Inference theory + utility theory

(c) Decision Theory = Uncertainty + utility theory

(d) Decision Theory = Probability theory + preference

(e) Decision Theory = Probability theory + inference.

19. Uncertainty arises in the wumpus world because the agent’s sensors give only

(a) Full & Global information (b) Partial & Global Information

(c) Partial & local Information (d) Full & local information

(e) Global information only.

20. A Hybrid Bayesian network contains

(a) Both discrete and continuous variables

(b) Only Discrete variables

(c) Only Discontinuous variable

(d) Both Discrete and Discontinuous variable

(e) Continous variable only.

Answers

11. Answer : (a)

Reason : ۷x denotes Everyone or all, and €y someone and loyal to is the proposition logic making map
x to y.

12. Answer : (d)

Reason : “not” is coming under propositional logic and is therefore not a connective.

13. Answer : (d)

Reason : Quantity structure is not a FOL structure while all other are.

14. Answer : (d)

Reason : Conclusion is a statement to Goal-based agent, but is not considered as Goal-based agent.

15. Answer : (d)

Reason : A plan that describes how to take actions in levels of increasing refinement and specificity is
Hierarchical (e.g., "Do something" becomes the more specific "Go to work," "Do work," "Go
home.") Most plans are hierarchical in nature.

16. Answer : (a)

Reason : Because we are not sure about the outcome.

17. Answer : (a)

Reason : Partial order planning involves searching over the space of possible plans, rather than
searching over possible situations. The idea is to construct a plan piece-by-piece. There are
two kinds of steps we can take in constructing a plan: add an operator (action), or add an
ordering constraint between operators. The name "partial order planning" comes from the fact
that until we add the ordering constraints, we don't specify the order in which actions are taken.
This (sometimes) allows a partial order planning to avoid lots of backtracking that would slow
down a state-space planner.

18. Answer : (a)

Reason : Utility theory to represent and reason with preference. Preference is expressed by utilities.
Utilities are combined with probabilities in the general theory of rational decisions called
decision theory. Decision theory, which combines probability theory with utility theory, provides
a formal and complete frame work for decisions (economic or otherwise) made under
uncertainty-that is, in case where probabilistic descriptions appropriately capture the decision-
maker’s environment.

19. Answer : (c)

Reason : The Wumpus world is a grid of squares surrounded by walls, where each square can contain
agents and objects. The agent (you) always starts in the lower left corner, a square that will be
labeled [1, 1]. The agent's task is to find the gold, return to [1, 1] and climb out of the cave. So
uncertainty is there as the agent gives partial and local information only. Global variable are
not goal specific problem solving.

20. Answer : (a)

Reason : To specify a Hybrid network, we have to specify two new kinds of distributions: the conditional
distribution for continuous variables given discrete or continuous parents, and the conditional
distribution for a discrete variable given continuous parents.

21. Which is not a desirable property of a logical rule-based system?

(a) Locality (b) Attachment (c) Detachment

(d) Truth-Functionality (e) Global attribute.

22. How is Fuzzy Logic different from conventional control methods?

(a) IF and THEN Approach (b) FOR Approach

(c) WHILE Approach (d) DO Approach

(e) Else If approach.

23. In an Unsupervised learning

(a) Specific output values are given

(b) Specific output values are not given

(c) No specific Inputs are given

(d) Both inputs and outputs are given

(e) Neither inputs nor outputs are given.

24. Inductive learning involves finding a

(a) Consistent Hypothesis (b) Inconsistent Hypothesis

(c) Regular Hypothesis (d) Irregular Hypothesis

(e) Estimated Hypothesis.

25. Computational learning theory analyzes the sample complexity and computational complexity
of

(a) UnSupervised Learning (b) Inductive learning

(c) Forced based learning (d) Weak learning

(e) Knowledge based learning.

26. If a hypothesis says it should be positive, but in fact it is negative, we call it

(a) A consistent hypothesis (b) A false negative hypothesis

(c) A false positive hypothesis (d) A specialized hypothesis

(e) A true positive hypothesis.

27. Neural Networks are complex -----------------------with many parameters.

(a) Linear Functions (b) Nonlinear Functions

(c) Discrete Functions (d) Exponential Functions

(e) Power Functions.

28. A perceptron is a --------------------------------.

(a) Feed-forward neural network (b) Back-propagation alogorithm

(c) Back-tracking algorithm (d) Feed Forward-backward algorithm

(e) Optimal algorithm with Dynamic programming.

29. Which is true?

(a) Not all formal languages are context-free

(b) All formal languages are Context free

(c) All formal languages are like natural language

(d) Natural languages are context-oriented free

(e) Natural language is formal.

30. Which is not true?

(a) The union and concatenation of two context-free languages is context-free

(b) The reverse of a context-free language is context-free, but the complement need not be

(c) Every regular language is context-free because it can be described by a regular grammar
 (d) The intersection of a context-free language and a regular language is always context-free

(e) The intersection two context-free languages is context-free.

Answers

21. Answer : (b)

Reason : Locality: In logical systems, whenever we have a rule of the form A => B, we can conclude B,
given evidence A, without worrying about any other rules. Detachment: Once a logical proof is
found for a proposition B, the proposition can be used regardless of how it was derived .That
is, it can be detachment from its justification. Truth-functionality: In logic, the truth of complex
sentences can be computed from the truth of the components. But there are no Attachment
properties lies in a Rule-based system. Global attribute defines a particular problem space as
user specific and changes according to user’s plan to problem.

22. Answer : (a)

Reason : FL incorporates a simple, rule-based IF X AND Y THEN Z approach to a solving control problem
rather than attempting to model a system mathematically. The FL model is empirically-based,
relying on an operator's experience rather than their technical understanding of the system. For
example, rather than dealing with temperature control in terms such as "SP =500F", "T
<1000F", or "210C <TEMP <220C", terms like "IF (process is too cool) AND (process is getting
colder) THEN (add heat to the process)" or "IF (process is too hot) AND (process is heating
rapidly) THEN (cool the process quickly)" are used. These terms are imprecise and yet very
descriptive of what must actually happen. Consider what you do in the shower if the
temperature is too cold: you will make the water comfortable very quickly with little trouble. FL
is capable of mimicking this type of behavior but at very high rate.

23. Answer : (b)

Reason : The problem of unsupervised learning involves learning patterns in the input when no specific
out put values are supplied. We can not expect the specific output to test your result. Here the
agent does not know what to do, as he is not aware of the fact what propose system will come
out. We can say an ambiguous unproposed situation.

24. Answer : (a)

Reason : Inductive learning involves finding a consistent hypothesis that agrees with examples. The
difficulty of the task depends on the chosen representation.

25. Answer : (b)

Reason : Computational learning theory analyzes the sample complexity and computational complexity
of inductive learning. There is a trade off between the expressiveness of the hypothesis
language and the ease of learning.

26. Answer : (c)

Reason : Consistent hypothesis go with examples, If the hypothesis says it should be negative but infact
it is positive, it is false negative. If a hypothesis says it should be positive, but in fact it is
negative, it is false positive. In a specialized hypothesis we need to have certain restrict or
special conditions.

27. Answer : (b)

Reason : Neural networks parameters can be learned from noisy data and they have been used for
thousands of applications, so it varies from problem to problem and thus use nonlinear
functions.

28. Answer : (a)

Reason : A perceptron is a Feed-forward neural network with no hidden units that can be represent only
linear separable functions. If the data are linearly separable, a simple weight updated rule can
be used to fit the data exactly.

29. Answer : (a)

Reason : Not all formal languages are context-free — a well-known counterexample is

This particular language can be generated by a parsing expression grammar, which is a

relatively new formalism that is particularly well-suited to programming languages.

30. Answer : (e)

Reason : The union and concatenation of two context-free languages is context-free; but intersection
need not be.

31 What is a Cybernetics?
.
(a) Study of communication between two machines
(b) Study of communication between human and machine
(c) Study of communication between two humans
(d) Study of Boolean values
(e) Study of communication between logic circuits.
32 What is the goal of artificial intelligence?
.
(a) To solve real-world problems
(b) To solve artificial problems
(c) To explain various sorts of intelligence
(d) To extract scientific causes
(e) To restrict problems.
33 An algorithm is complete if
.
(a) It terminates with a solution when one exists
(b) It starts with a solution
(c) It does not terminate with a solution
(d) It has a loop
(e) It has a decision parameter.
34 Which is true regarding BFS?
.
(a) BFS will get trapped exploring a single path
(b) The entire tree so far been generated must be stored in BFS
 (c) BFS is not guaranteed to find a solution, if exists
(d) BFS is nothing but Binary First Search
(e) BFS is one type of sorting.
35 What is a heuristic function?
.
(a) A function to solve mathematical problems
(b) A function which takes parameters of type string and returns an integer value
(c) A function whose return type is nothing
(d) A function which returns an object
(e) A function that maps from problem state descriptions to measures of desirability.
36 The traveling salesman problem involves n cities with paths connecting the cities. The
. time taken for traversing through all the cities, without knowing in advance the length of a
minimum tour, is
(a) O(n)
(b) O(n2)
(c) O(n!)
(d) O(n/2)
(e) O(2n).
37 The problem space of means-end analysis has
.
(a) An initial state and one or more goal states
(b) One or more initial states and one goal state
(c) One or more initial states and one or more goal state
(d) One initial state and one goal state
(e) No goal state.
38 An algorithm A is admissible if
.
(a) It is not guaranteed to return an optimal solution when one exists
(b) It is guaranteed to return an optimal solution when one exists
(c) It returns more solutions, but not an optimal one
(d) It guarantees to return more optimal solutions
(e) It returns no solutions at all.
39 Knowledge may be
.
I. Declarative.
II. Procedural.
 III. Non-procedural.
(a) Only (I) above
(b) Only (II) above
(c) Only (III) above
(d) Both (I) and (II) above
(e) Both (II) and (III) above.
40 Idempotency law is
.
I. P  P = P.

II. P  P = P.
III. P + P = P.
(a) Only (I) above
(b) Only (II) above
(c) Only (III) above
(d) Both (I) and (II) above
(e) Both (II) and (III) above.

Answers

31. Answer : (b)

Reason : Cybernetics is Study of communication between human and machine
32. Answer : (c)
Reason : The scientific goal of artificial intelligence is to explain various sorts of
intelligence
33. Answer : (a)
Reason : An Algorithm is complete if It terminates with a solution when one exists.
34. Answer : (b)
Reason : Regarding BFS-The entire tree so far been generated must be stored in BFS.
35. Answer : (e)
Reason : Heuristic function is a function that maps from problem state descriptions to
measures of desirability
36. Answer : (c)
Reason : The traveling salesman problem involves n cities with paths connecting the
cities. The time taken for traversing through all the cities, without knowing in
advance the length of a minimum tour, is O(n!)
37. Answer : (a)
Reason : The problem space of means-end analysis has an initial state and one or more
goal states
38. Answer : (b)
Reason : An algorithm A is admissible if It is guaranteed to return an optimal solution
when one exists.
39. Answer : (d)
Reason : Knowledge may be declarative and procedural
40. Answer : (a)
Reason : Idempotency Law is P V P = P
41. Which of the following is true related to ‘Satisfiable’ property?
(a) A statement is satisfiable if there is some interpretation for which it is false
(b) A statement is satisfiable if there is some interpretation for which it is true
(c) A statement is satisfiable if there is no interpretation for which it is true
(d) A statement is satisfiable if there is no interpretation for which it is false
(e) None of the above.
42. Two literals are complementary if
(a) They are equal
(b) They are identical and of equal sign
(c) They are identical but of opposite sign
(d) They are unequal but of equal sign
(e) They are unequal but of opposite sign.
43. Consider a good system for the representation of knowledge in a particular domain. What
property should it possess?
(a) Representational Adequacy
(b) Inferential Adequacy
(c) Inferential Efficiency
(d) Acquisitional Efficiency
(e) All the above.
44. What is Transposition rule?
(a) From P → Q, infer ~Q → P
 (b) From P → Q, infer Q → ~P
(c) From P → Q, infer Q → P
(d) From P → Q, infer ~Q → ~P
(e) None of the above.
45. Third component of a planning system is to
(a) Detect when a solution has been found
(b) Detect when solution will be found
(c) Detect whether solution exists or not
(d) Detect whether multiple solutions exist
(e) Detect a solutionless system.
46. Which of the following is true in Statistical reasoning?
(a) The representation is extended to allow some kind of numeric measure of certainty
to be associated with each statement
(b) The representation is extended to allow ‘TRUE or FALSE’ to be associated with
each statement
(c) The representation is extended to allow some kind of numeric measure of certainty
to be associated common to all statements
(d) The representation is extended to allow ‘TRUE or FALSE’ to be associated
common to all statements
(e) None of the above.
47. In default logic, we allow inference rules of the form
(a) (A : B) / C
(b) A / (B : C)
(c) A/B
(d) A/B:C
(e) (A: B) :C.
48. In Baye’s theorem, what is the meant by P(Hi|E)?
(a) The probability that hypotheses Hi is true given evidence E
(b) The probability that hypotheses Hi is false given evidence E
(c) The probability that hypotheses Hi is true given false evidence E
(d) The probability that hypotheses Hi is false given false evidence E
(e) The probability that hypotheses Hi is true given unexpected evidence E.
49. Default reasoning is another type of
 (a) Monotonic reasoning
(b) Analogical reasoning
(c) Bitonic reasoning
(d) Non-monotonic reasoning
(e) Closed world assumption.
50. Generality is the measure of
(a) Ease with which the method can be adapted to different domains of application
(b) The average time required to construct the target knowledge structures from some
specified initial structures
(c) A learning system to function with unreliable feedback and with a variety of training
examples
(d) The overall power of the system
(e) Subdividing the system.

Answers

41. Answer : (b)

Reason : ‘Satisfiable’ property is a statement is satisfiable if there is some interpretation
for which it is true.
42. Answer : (c)
Reason : Two literals are complementary if They are identical but of opposite sign.
43. Answer : (e)
Reason : Consider a good system for the representation of knowledge in a particular
domain. The properties should be Representational Adequacy,Inferential
Adequacy,Inferential Efficiency and Acquisitional Efficiency
44. Answer : (d)
Reason : Transposition rule- From P → Q, infer ~Q → ~P
45. Answer : (a)
Reason : Third component of a planning system is to detect when a solution has been
found.
46. Answer : (a)
Reason : Statistical reasoning is the representation is extended to allow some kind of
numeric measure of certainty to be associated with each statement.
 47. Answer : (a)
Reason : In default logic, we allow inference rules of the form:(A : B) / C
48. Answer : (a)
Reason : In Baye’s theorem, P(Hi|E) is the probability that hypotheses Hi is true given
evidence E.
49. Answer : (d)
Reason : Default reasoning is another type of non-monotonic reasoning
50. Answer : (a)
Reason : Generality is the measure of ease with which the method can be adapted to
different domains of application.

51.Machine learning is
(a) The autonomous acquisition of knowledge through the use of computer
programs
(b) The autonomous acquisition of knowledge through the use of manual
programs
(c) The selective acquisition of knowledge through the use of computer
programs
(d) The selective acquisition of knowledge through the use of manual programs
(e) None of the above.
52.Factors which affect the performance of learner system does not include
(a) Representation scheme used
(b) Training scenario
(c) Type of feedback
(d) Good data structures
(e) Learning algorithm.
53.Different learning methods does not include
(a) Memorization
(b) Analogy
(c) Deduction
(d) Introduction
(e) Acceptance.
54.In language understanding, the levels of knowledge that does not include
(a) Phonological
(b) Syntactic
(c) Semantic
(d) Logical
(e) Empirical.
55.A model of language consists of the categories which does not include
(a) Language units
(b) Role structure of units
(c) System constraints
(d) Structural units
(e) Components.
56.Semantic grammars
(a) Encode semantic information into a syntactic grammar
(b) Decode semantic information into a syntactic grammar
 (c) Encode syntactic information into a semantic grammar
(d) Decode syntactic information into a semantic grammar
(e) Encode syntactic information into a logical grammar.
57.What is a top-down parser?
(a) Begins by hypothesizing a sentence (the symbol S) and successively
predicting lower level constituents until individual preterminal symbols are
written
(b) Begins by hypothesizing a sentence (the symbol S) and successively
predicting upper level constituents until individual preterminal symbols are
written
(c) Begins by hypothesizing lower level constituents and successively
predicting a sentence (the symbol S)
(d) Begins by hypothesizing upper level constituents and successively
predicting a sentence (the symbol S)
(e) All the above.
58.Perception involves
(a) Sights, sounds, smell and touch
(b) Hitting
(c) Boxing
(d) Dancing
(e) Acting.
59.Among the following which is not a horn clause?
(a) p
(b) p V q
(c) p → q
(d) p → q
(e) All the above.
60.The action ‘STACK(A, B)’ of a robot arm specify to
(a) Place block B on Block A
(b) Place blocks A, B on the table in that order
(c) Place blocks B, A on the table in that order
(d) Place block A on block B
(e) POP A, B from stack.

Answers

51. Answer : (a)

Reason : Machine learning is the autonomous acquisition of knowledge through
the use of computer programs.
52. Answer : (d)
Reason : Factors which affect the performance of learner system does not include
good data structures
53. Answer : (d)
Reason : Different learning methods does not include introduction
54. Answer : (e)
Reason : In language understanding, the levels of knowledge that does not
include empirical knowledge
55. Answer : (d)
Reason : A model of language consists of the categories which does not include
structural units
 56. Answer : (a)
Reason : Semantic grammars encode semantic information into a syntactic
grammar.
57. Answer : (a)
Reason : A top-down parser begins by hypothesizing a sentence (the symbol S)
and successively predicting lower level constituents until individual preterminal
symbols are written.
58. Answer : (a)
Reason : Perception involves Sights, sounds, smell and touch.
59. Answer : (d)
Reason : p → q is not a horn clause
60. Answer : (d)
Reason : The action ‘STACK(A,B)’ of a robot arm specify to Place block A on
block B.
1. Artificial Intelligence (AI) is one of the newest disciplines, formally initiated in
___ when the name was coined.
Ans. 1956

2. AI is the part of computer science concerned with designing ___ computer

systems.
Ans. intelligent

3. ___ are used regularly in manufacturing.

Ans. Robots

4. Expert systems are not used regularly in finance, medicine.

Ans. False

5. During the 1940s and 1950s, Norbert Wiener, coined the term ___.
Ans. Cybernetics

6. In late___, Newell and Simon developed The Logic Theorist, considered by many
to be the first AI program.
Ans. 1955

7. In ___ the first computer-controlled autonomous vehicle, the Stanford Cart, is

built.
Ans. 1979

8. The European Common Market countries have jointly initiated a separate

cooperative plan named the ___ program.
Ans. ESPRIT

9. ALV stands for ___.

Ans. Autonomous Land Vehicle

10. Which consortium was formed to develop advanced technologies that apply AI
techniques?
Ans. Microelectronics and Computer Technology Corporation (MCC)

11. Minsky (1985) in his book ___ provides a long and formidable list of attributes of
intelligence.
Ans. The Society of Mind

12. The ___ principle of AI is the physical symbol system hypothesis.

Ans. second

13. The ___ principle is also used in language processing where words can have
many meanings.
Ans. fourth

14. What is the fourth principle of AI?

Ans. search compensates for lack of knowledge
15. ___ is perhaps one area that has been studied continuously since the birth of
artificial intelligence in 1956.
Ans. Chess

16. ___ is using an Injection Molding Advisor to diagnose faults and suggest repairs
for plastic injection moulding mechanisms.
Ans. Kodak

17. Successful demonstrations in vision from 1965 to 1975 were limited to problems
in which ___ such as shadows, highlights, and occlusions were not too troublesome.
Ans. 3-D phenomena

18. The ___ is a self-contained laboratory vehicle for research in autonomous

outdoor navigation.
Ans. Navlab

19. ___ are the sequence of events that occur.

Ans. Scenes

20. Which study shows that the number of deployed expert systems increased from
50 in 1987 to 1400 in 1988?
Ans. Gartner Study

21. State space search is a process used in the field of ___ in which successive
configurations or states of an instance are considered, with the goal of finding a goal
state with the desired property.
Ans. Artificial intelligence (AI)

22. State-space search used in AI is the same as traditional computer science search
methods. (State True or False)
Ans. False

23. ___ are good representations for board games such as Tic-Tac-Toe.
Ans. State spaces

24. A ___ is a computer program typically used to provide some form of artificial
intelligence, which consists primarily of a set of rules about behaviour.
Ans. Production system (or production rule system)

25. ___ searches are performed by diving downward into a tree as quickly as
possible.
Ans. Depth-first

26. Heuristics is a rule of thumb or judgmental technique that leads to a solution

some of the time but provides no guarantee of success. (State True or False)
Ans. True

27. What is the time complexity of Depth-First search?

Ans. O(bd).
28. Generate-and-test, like depth-first search, requires that ___ ___ solutions be
generated for testing.
Ans. complete

29. Understanding natural language often requires knowledge of typical ___.

Ans. sequences

30. ___ performs structure elucidation in organic chemistry based on data from a
mass spectrometer
Ans. Dendral

31. Knowledge representation is an area of ___ whose fundamental goal is to

represent knowledge in a manner that facilitates inferencing from knowledge.
Ans. Artificial intelligence

32. We usually define the representation in terms of ___ that can be manipulated by
programs.
Ans. Symbols

33. What is the central issue in knowledge representation?

Ans. Retrieval

34. In the ___ formal computer knowledge representation languages and systems
arose.
Ans. 1980s

35. ___ is accumulated knowledge about the world.

Ans. Long-term Knowledge

36. The collection of long-term knowledge is often called a ___ ___.

Ans. knowledge base

37. ___ is the ability to represent the required knowledge.

Ans. Representational Adequacy

38. The simplest way of storing facts is to use a ___ method where each fact about a
set of objects is set out systematically in columns.
Ans. Relational

39. What represents knowledge as formal logic?

Ans. Inferential knowledge

40. Sometimes values of attributes are specified explicitly when a ___ base is
created.
Ans. Knowledge

41. Separate levels of understanding require different levels of ___.

Ans. Primitives
42. Choosing the Granularity of Representation Primitives are fundamental concepts
such as holding, seeing.
(State True or False)
Ans. True

43. FOPL stands for ___.

Ans. First-Order Predicate Logic

44. ___ is a variant of generate-and-test in which feedback from the test procedure
is used to help the generator decide which direction to move in the search space.
Ans. Hill climbing

45. What is the annealing schedule?

Ans. Annealing schedule is the rate at which the system is cooled.

46. Best First Search is a combination of ___ searches.

Ans. Depth-first and breadth-first

47. ___ is a priority queue of nodes that have been evaluated by the heuristic
function but which have not yet been expanded into successors.
Ans. OPEN

48. ___ will always find an optimal path to a goal if the heuristic function is
admissible.
Ans. A*

49. ___ logic deals with the determination of the truth of a sentence.
Ans. Propositional

50. A ___ is a relation in which there is only one value for a given input.
Ans. Function

51. The notation α → β says that β can be derived from α by ___.

Ans. Inference.

52. An inference rule is sounding if the conclusion is true in all cases in which the
___ are true.
Ans. Premises

53. A ___ clause is one in which no variables occur in the expression.

Ans. Ground

54. ___ is the process of removing existential quantifiers by elimination.

Ans. Skolemization

55. ___ is a syntactic inference procedure that, when applied to a set of clauses,
determines if the set is unsatisfiable.
Ans. Resolution
56. ___ algorithm is a straightforward recursion procedure.
Ans. Unification

57. In creating a ___, it is essential first to identify all relevant objects which will
play some role in the anticipated inferences.
Ans. Knowledge base

58. In propositional logic, it is easy to determine that two literals cannot both be true
at the same time.
(State True or False)
Ans. True

59. Languages with precisely defined syntax and semantics are called ___.
Ans. Logics

60. ___ are elementary atomic sentences.

Ans. Propositions

61. An ___ for a sentence or group of sentences is an assignment of a truth value to

each propositional symbol.
Ans. Interpretation

62. Whenever a thought occurs to an agent, an actor may act upon it. What is this
called? ___
Ans. REASON causation

63. What is the process of turning a predicate into an object in a knowledge

representation system called? ___
Ans. reification

64. ___ Semantic Networks is an extension to Semantic nets that overcome a few
problems or extend their expression of knowledge.
Ans. Partitioned

65. What is the for a collection of attributes or slots and associated values that
describe some real-world entity.
Ans. frame

66. An object has a particular attribute if it has that attribute itself, or if it is an

instance of a class that has that attribute. (State True or False)
Ans. True

67. The ___ indicates the number of slots that an object has and the name of each
slot.
Ans. class

68. A ___ is a special class whose elements are themselves, classes.

Ans. metaclass
69. One way to determine the equivalence of the two sentences is by using ___.
Ans. truth tables

70. ___ networks are an alternative to predicate logic as a form of knowledge

representation.
Ans. Semantic

71. Conceptual Dependency (CD) is a content theory of how to represent simple

sentences and was created by___.
Ans. Roger Schank

72. ___ refers to a transfer of possession – the abstract transfer of possession from
one person to another, as in a give or a buy.
Ans. ATRANS

73. ___ frequently uses ___ as an instrumental action.

Ans. MBUILD, ATTEND

74. What refers to the application of force to an object? ___

Ans. PROPEL

75. ___ and ___ are two primary flavours of conceptual-level relations.
Ans. CAUSE, BI-CAUSE
The area of AI that investigates methods of facilitating communication between people and computers is

natural language processing

symbolic processing
decision support
robotics
_____________________________________________________________________________________
LISP was created by:

John McCarthy
Marvin Minsky
Alan Turing
Allen Newell and Herbert Simon
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Who is considered to be the "father" of artificial intelligence?

Fisher Ada
John McCarthy
Allen Newell
Alan Turning
_____________________________________________________________________________________
The finding of a path start state to a goal state is known as

Search
Classification
Simulation
None of these
_____________________________________________________________________________________
An AI technique that allows computers to understand associations and relationships between objects and events is called

heuristic processing
cognitive science
relative symbolism
pattern matching
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Let Q(x, y) denote “x + y = 0” and let there be two quantifications given as
(i) $y"x Q(x, y)
(ii) "x$y Q(x, y)
where x & y are real numbers. Then which of the following is valid ?

(i) is true & (ii) is false.

(i) is false & (ii) is true.
(i) is false & (ii) is also false.
both (i) & (ii) are true
_____________________________________________________________________________________
A KES knowledge base contains information in the form of:

associations
 actions
free text
All of the above
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Which kind of planning consists of successive representations of different levels of a plan?

hierarchical planning
non-hierarchical planning
project planning
None of the above
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Which search may find many solutions.If many solutions exist ,minimal solution can be found

Breadth first search

Depth first search
Best first search
None of these
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Which of the following is an advantage of using an expert system development tool?

imposed structure
knowledge engineering assistance
rapid prototyping
All of the above
_____________________________________________________________________________________
KEE is a product of:

Teknowledge
IntelliCorpn
Texas Instruments
Tech knowledge
_____________________________________________________________________________________
The common property of functional language and logical programming language

Both are declarative

Both are based on l-calculus
Both are procedural
Both are functional
_____________________________________________________________________________________
In Delta Rule for error minimization

Weights are adjusted w.r.to change in the output

Weights are adjusted w.r.to difference between desired output and actual output
Weights are adjusted w.r.to difference between input and output
None of the above
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Which particular generation of computers is associated with artificial intelligence?

Fourth
Third
Fifth
Second
_____________________________________________________________________________________
A series of AI systems developed by Pat Langley to explore the role of heuristics in scientific discovery.

RAMD
BACON
MIT
DU
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Shaping teaching techniques to fit the learning patterns of individual students is the goal of

decision support
automatic programming
intelligent computer-assisted instruction
expert systems
_____________________________________________________________________________________
DEC advertises that it helped to create the world first expert system routinely used in an industrial environment called XCON
or

PDP-11
Rl
VAX
MAGNOM
_____________________________________________________________________________________
The strategy used to reduce the number of tree branches and the number of static evaluations applied in case of a game tree is

Minmax strategy
Alpha-beta pruning strategy
Constraint satisfaction strategy
Static max strategy
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Which search algorithm find solutions among all possible ones?

Heuristics
Learning
Optismistic
Blind
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Artificial intelligence is

the embodiment of human intellectual capabilities within a computer.

 a set of computer programs that produce output that would be considered to reflect intelligence if it
were generated by humans.
the study of mental faculties through the use of mental models implemented on a computer.
All of the above
_____________________________________________________________________________________
In LISP, the function (copy-list <list>)

returns a new list that is equal to <list> by copying the top-level element of <list>
returns the length of <list>
returns t if <list> is empty.
All of the above
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Which of the following have computers traditionally done better than people?

storing information
responding flexibly
computing numerically
both (a) and (c)
_____________________________________________________________________________________
In LISP, the addition 3 + 2 is entered as

3+2
3 add 2
3+2=
(+ 3 2)
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Natural language processing can be divided into the two subfields of

context and expectations

generation and understanding
semantics of pragmatics
recognition and synthesis
_____________________________________________________________________________________
____________ is the science that attempts to produce machines that display the same type of intelligence that humans do.

Nanoscience
Nanotechnology
Simulation
Artificial intelligence
_____________________________________________________________________________________
An intelligent robot

Respond to changes in its environment

Follows instruction
Possesses no more intelligent than a dishwasher
All of the above
 _____________________________________________________________________________________
Which of the following function returns t if the object is a number in LISP?

(number <object>)
(numberp <object>)
(numericp <object>)
(numeric <object>)
_____________________________________________________________________________________
The transform which possesses the highest ‘energy compaction’ property is

Slant transform
Cosine transform
Fourier transform
Karhunen-Loeve transform
_____________________________________________________________________________________
The company that grew out of research at the MIT AI lab is:

AI corp
LMI
Symbolics
both (b) and (c)
_____________________________________________________________________________________
The field that investigates the mechanics of human intelligence is

history
cognitive science
psychology
sociology
_____________________________________________________________________________________
In LISP, which of the following function assigns the value 10 to the symbol a?

(setq a 10)
(a = b) where b = 10
(a = 10) (d) (setq 10 a)
None of the above
_____________________________________________________________________________________
ART (Automatic Reasoning Tool) is designed to be used on:

LISP machines
personal computers
microcomputers
All of the above
_____________________________________________________________________________________
In LISP, the function (endp <list>)

returns a new list that is equal to <list> by copying the top-level element of <list>
returns the length of <list>
 returns t if <list> is empty.
All of the above
_____________________________________________________________________________________
In which of the following situations might a blind search be acceptable?

real-life situation
complex game
small search space
All of the above
_____________________________________________________________________________________
A robots arm is also known as its:

end effector
actuator
manipulator
servomechanism
_____________________________________________________________________________________
The primary method that people use to sense their environment is

reading
writing
speaking
speaking
_____________________________________________________________________________________
In LISP, the function returns t if <object> is a CONS cell and nil otherwise

(cons <object>)
(consp <object>)
(eq <object>)
(cous = <object>)
_____________________________________________________________________________________
The first widely-used commercial form of Artificial Intelligence (Al) is being used in many popular products like microwave
ovens, automobiles and plug in circuit boards for desktop PCs. It allows machines to handle vague information with a deftness
that mimics human intuition. What is the name of this AI?

Boolean logic
Human logic
Fuzzy logic
Functional logic
_____________________________________________________________________________________
What was originally called the "imitation game" by its creator?

The Turing Test

LISP
The Logic Theorist
Cybernetics
_____________________________________________________________________________________
The original LISP machines produced by both LMI and Symbolics were based on research performed at

CMU
MIT
Stanford University
RAMD
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Elementary linguistic units which are smaller than words are

allophones
phonemes
syllables
All of the above
_____________________________________________________________________________________
To invoke the LISP system, you must enter

AI
LISP
CL (Common Lisp)
both b and c
_____________________________________________________________________________________
In LISP, the function assigns . the value of a to b is

(setq a b)
(setq b a )
(b = a)
(set b = a)
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Which of the following is being investigated as a means of automating the creation of a knowledge base?

automatic knowledge acquisition

simpler tools
discovery of new concepts
All of the above
_____________________________________________________________________________________
The symbols used in describing the syntax of a programming language are

0
{}
<>
""
_____________________________________________________________________________________
One definition of AI focuses on problem-solving methods that process:

smell
symbols
 touch

_____________________________________________________________________________________
The explanation facility of an expert system may be used to

construct a diagnostic model

expedite the debugging process
explain the system reasoning process
both (b) and (c)
_____________________________________________________________________________________
In a rule based system,procedural domain knowledge is in the form of

Production rules
Rule interpreters
Control rules
Meta rules
_____________________________________________________________________________________
The component of an ICAI (Intelligent Computer-Asslsted Instruction) presenting information to the student is the:

student model
problem-solving expertise
tutoring module
All of the above
_____________________________________________________________________________________
The characteristics of the computer system capable of thinking, reasoning and learning is known is

machine intelligence
human intelligence
artificial intelligence
virtual intelligence