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Cell Organelles Functions

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Cell Organelles Functions

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Cell Organelles

Reinforcement
KEY CONCEPT Eukaryotic cells share many similarities.
Plants, animals, and some single-celled organisms are eukaryotes. Eukaryotic cells
have an organized internal structure and organelles that are surrounded by
membranes. Organelles look different from each other and have different functions.
Several have a specific job in making and processing proteins so that a cell can live,
function, and reproduce. Plant and animal cells have a lot of the same parts, but a
few of their parts are different. The list below tells you what each cell part does.
Part Job and Description
nucleus double membrane layer that stores and protects DNA;
includes the nucleolus, a dense region where ribosomes are
assembled.
endoplasmic network of thin folded membranes that help produce
reticulum (ER) proteins and lipids; two kinds of ER: smooth and rough
ribosomes tiny round organelles that link amino acids together to
form proteins; may be in the cytoplasm or on the ER,
which makes it look rough
Golgi apparatus stacked layers of membranes that sort, package, and
deliver proteins
vesicles little sacs that carry different molecules where they’re
needed; made and broken down as needed by the cell
mitochondria bean-shaped organelles that release energy from sugars
for the cell
centrioles found in animal cells; organize microtubules to form
cilia and flagella
vacuoles sacs that store materials for the cell; the materials might
be water, food molecules, ions, and enzymes
cell walls strong layer that protects, supports, and gives shape to
plant cells; not found in animal cells
chloroplasts change energy from the sun into chemical energy for the
plant; not found in animal cells
cytoplasm jellylike substance that fills a cell
cell membrane double-layer of phospholipids that forms a boundary
between a cell and its surrounding environment
lysosomes membrane-bound organelles that contain enzymes

Copyright by McDougal Littell, a division of Houghton Mifflin Company

Biology 1 Cell Structure and Function

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