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Assignment No 3 Name Muqadar Ali Sap Id 70061566 Class BSSE-8th-B Department Csit Teacher Sir Rehmat-Ullah Subject Computer Graphics

This document discusses computer graphics concepts related to cathode ray tubes (CRTs). It provides: 1) An overview of how CRTs work by firing electron beams at phosphors to generate light and form images through raster scanning. 2) A comparison of raster scan and random scan displays, noting key differences in electron beams, resolution, cost, picture rendering, and applications. 3) Brief descriptions of beam penetration and shadow masking color CRT techniques, explaining how each achieves color display through interaction of electron beams and phosphor layers.

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20 views

Assignment No 3 Name Muqadar Ali Sap Id 70061566 Class BSSE-8th-B Department Csit Teacher Sir Rehmat-Ullah Subject Computer Graphics

This document discusses computer graphics concepts related to cathode ray tubes (CRTs). It provides: 1) An overview of how CRTs work by firing electron beams at phosphors to generate light and form images through raster scanning. 2) A comparison of raster scan and random scan displays, noting key differences in electron beams, resolution, cost, picture rendering, and applications. 3) Brief descriptions of beam penetration and shadow masking color CRT techniques, explaining how each achieves color display through interaction of electron beams and phosphor layers.

Uploaded by

Muqadar Ali
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Assignment No 3

Name Muqadar Ali

Sap Id 70061566

Class BSSE-8th-B

Department CSIT

Teacher Sir Rehmat-Ullah

Subject Computer Graphics


1. Working of Cathode Ray Tubes:
The CRT operates by firing an electron beam at phosphors, which give off light. The electron
beam is generated at the cathode in the electronic gun. A potential (voltage) is applied, which
strips off and accelerates the electrons. The electrons then travel to the to the electron beam
focuser. An electrostatic mechanism is used to focus the beam. After the beam exits from the
electron gun, it travels to the electron beam deflector. The deflector has two mechanisms, one to
change the vertical direction and one to change the horizontal direction of the beam. This allows
the electron beam to sweep over the entire screen. When an electron in the beam strikes a
phosphor, it excites an electron in the phosphor. After being excited, the electron then releases
the energy it got in a form of visible light, which is always the same for that phosphor. Phosphors
emitting red, blue, and green light form a color image [1]. 

2. Difference between raster scan and random scan displays.

Terms Raster Scan Random Scan


Electron The electron beams directed from top Directed only on the screen where
Beams to bottom one row at a time on screen. the image is required to be drawn.

Resolution Low High


Cost Quite expensive Quite affordable
Alteration Quite simple and easy Tend to be difficult
Picture Stored as a combination of intensity Stored as a group of line
Definition values for all screen points constructions in a display file.

Realistic Unable to display realistic shaded Able to display realistic shaded


Display scenes scenes

Picture Use of pixel Use of mathematical functions


Rendering

Application Suitable for creating realistic scenes Suitable for polygon drawings
Interweaving Commonly used Not used at all
Refresh Rates 60 to 80 frame per second 30 to 60 times per second
Example TV sets Pen plotter
[2].

3. Brief description of Bean Penetration and Shadow Masking:


Bean Penetration:
The Beam penetration method for displaying colour pictures has been used with random scan
monitors. Two layers of phosphor, usually red and green, are coated onto the inside of the CRT
screen, and the displayed colour depends on how far the electron beam penetrates into the
phosphor layers. A beam of slow electrons excites only the outer red layer. A beam of very fast
electrons penetrates through the red layer and excites the inner green layer. At intermediate beam
speeds, combinations of red and green light are emitted to show two additional colours, orange
and yellow. The speed of the electrons, and hence the screen colour at any point, is controlled by
the beam acceleration voltage. Beam penetration has been an inexpensive way to produce colour
in random scan monitors, but only four colours are possible, and the quality of pictures is not as
good as with other methods.

Shadow Masking:
Shadow mask methods are commonly used in raster scan systems (including colour TV) because
they produce a much wider range of colours than the beam penetration method. A shadow mask
CRT has three phosphor colour dots at each pixel position. One phosphor dot emits a red light,
another emits a green light, and the third emits a blue light. This type of CRT has three electron
guns, one for each colour dot, and a shadow mask grid just behind the phosphor coated screen.
The three electron beams are deflected and focused as a group onto the shadow mask, which
contains a series of holes aligned with the phosphor dot patterns. When the three beams pass
through a hole in the shadow mask, they activate a dot triangle, which appears as a small colour
spot on the screen. The phosphor dots in the triangles are arranged so that each electron beam
can activate only its corresponding colour dot when it passes through the shadow mask [3].

References:
1. https://www.elprocus.com/cathode-ray-tube/
2. https://programmerbay.com/difference-between-raster-scan-and-random-scan/
3. https://ecomputernotes.com/computer-graphics/graphics-device/what-is-color-crt-
display-explain-beam-penetration-and-shadow-mask-method

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